A global linguistic database : Query result

Number: 2352

Language: Miao

Alternate Name: Hmong

Location: Thailand

Population: 4 million

Classification: Austric: Miao-Yao: Miao

Other Sources: Smalley, William A. 1976. "The Problems of Consonants and Tone: Hmong (Meo, Miao)," PL C43, 85-??

Consonant system:

   p p^h t̪ t̪^h ^ʔt̪^h c c^h k k^h q q^h ʔ
p^l p^lh t̪^l t̪^lh t̪^s t̪^sh č č^h
f s̪ ṣ̌ š^j h
v ẓ̌
m m^l n̪ ñ
m̥ m̥^l n̪̥ ñ̥
    l̪
    l̪̥
    ṛ
    ṛ̥

Stops: p p^h t̪ t̪^h ^ʔt̪^h c c^h k k^h q q^h ʔ

Affricates: p^l p^l^h t̪^l t̪^l^h t̪^s t̪^s^h č č^h

Fricatives: f v s̪ ṣ̌ ẓ̌ š^j h

Nasals: m m̥ m^l m̥^l n̪ n̪̥ ñ ñ̥

Laterals: l̪ l̪̥

Vibrants: ṛ ṛ̥

Modified Consonants: ^Nc p^h b t^h d c^h ɟ k^h ɡ q^h G p^l p^l^h t^s t^s^h č č^h ṛ ṛ̥

Glides: j

Vowel system:

i ɨ u
e ɔ
a

Front Vowels: i e

Central Vowels: ɨ a

Back Vowels: u ɔ

Nasal Vowels: ṽ ɨ a o ɔ

Diphthongs: ai iǝ ǝɨ uǝ ɔw

Tones: hi-lev hi-fall mid-lev mid-ris lo-mid-lev lo-mid-lev-breathy lo-lev-glot

Number: 2356

Language: Miao

Alternate Name: Hmong

Dialect: White

Location: N Laos

Population: 4 million

Classification: Austric: Miao-Yao: Miao

Dictionary: Bertrais-Charrier, Yves. 1964. Dictionnaire hmong (Mèo blanc) - français. Vientiane, Laos: Mission Catholique.

Other Sources: Downer, G. B. 1967. "Tone Change and Tone-Shift in White Miao," BSOAS 30, 589-99.

Consonant system:

p p^h t̪ t̪^h d̪ d̪̤ ṭ ṭ^h c c^h k k^hq q^h
p^l p^l^h t^s t^s^h č č^h
f v s z š ç j ̂ χ
m m̥ m^l m̥^l n̪ n̪̥ ñ ñ̥
l l̥ ḷ ḷ̥

Stops: p p^h t̪ t̪^h d̪ d̪̤ ṭ ṭ^h c c^h k k^hq q^h

Affricates: p^l p^l^h t^s t^s^h č č^h

Fricatives: f v s z š ç j ̂ χ

Nasals: m m̥ m^l m̥^l n̪ n̪̥ ñ ñ̥

Laterals: l l̥ ḷ ḷ̥

Modified Consonants: ^Nc p p^h t t^h ṭ ṭ^h c c^h k k^h q q^h p^l p^lh t^s t^sh č č^h

Vowel system:

Front Vowels: i e

Back Vowels: u ɯ o ɑ

Nasal Vowels: ṽ: e o

Diphthongs: ai ia aɯ au ua

Tones: hi-lev hi-fall mid-lev mid-ris mid-fall lo-lev lo-fall lo-ris

Demonstratives: 2

Articles: def

Pronouns:

1 4d 4
2 5d 5
3 6d 6

Syntax: SVO NA ND NUM-N

Prep/Post: PREP

Number: 2357

Language: Miao

Alternate Name: Hmong

Dialect: Ch'uan Ch'ientien

Location: S China (Kweichow)

Population: 4 million

Classification: Austric: Miao-Yao: Miao

Other Sources: Mao Tsung-wu and Chou Tsu-yao. 1972. "A Brief Description of the Yao Language," in MYLS, 239-55.

Consonant system:

p p^h t t^h ṭ ṭ^h k k^h q q^h (ʔ)
p^l p^l^h t^l̥t^{l̥^h}t^s t^s^h ṭ^̣s ṭ^s^h č č^h
f v s ṣ ẓ š ž h
m m̥ n n̥ ñ ñ̥ ŋ
l l̥

Stops: p p^h t t^h ṭ ṭ^h k k^h q q^h (ʔ)

Affricates: p^l p^lh t^l̥t^l̥ht^s t^sh ṭ^s ṭ^sh č č^h

Fricatives: f v s ṣ ẓ š ž h

Nasals: m m̥ n n̥ ñ ñ̥ ŋ

Laterals: l l̥

Modified Consonants: ^Nc p p^h p^l p^l^h t^s t^s^h t t^h ṭ ṭ^h ṭ^̣̣s ṭ^s^h č č^h k k^h q q^h

Glides: (w)

Vowel system:

Front Vowels: i e

Central Vowels: (ǝ) a

Back Vowels: u o

Diphthongs:

ua ai eɯ au ou (ie ue ei ia)
(uei uai iau iou)

Tones: hi-mid-fall mid-fall hi-lev lo-mid-fall hi-mid-lev lo-ris mid-lev lo-mid-ris

Demonstratives: 8 (this/that/that above/that below/that to the side & not seen/that far to the side & not seen/that in front/that inside) + ref

Syntax: SVO NA GN ND NUM-N POSS-N Num+N+A+D

Prep/Post: PREP

Comments:

Dialect differences in phonology:
(1) Some dialects lack prenasalized obstruents.
(2) Some dialects lack uvular consonants (q q^h).
(3) Some dialects have preglottalized nasals, laterals, glides and z.
(4) Some dialects have nasal vowels.
(5) The number of tones in Miao dialects ranges from 4 to 11.
(6) Some dialects have additional vowel phonemes: ɛ ɔ ɵ ɣ ɨ ɯ y.

Number: 2358

Language: Miao

Alternate Name: Hmong

Dialect: Hmong Daw

Location: N Thailand

Population: 4 million

Classification: Austric: Miao-Yao: Miao

Dictionary: Heimbach, Ernest E. 1969. White Meo-English Dictionary. CUDP 75.

Consonant system:

p p^h ^mb ^mp^h t̪ t̪^h ^ʔt̪^h c c^h k k^h q q^h ʔ
p^l p^{ɬ m}b^l ^mp^ɬ t̪^s t̪^sh ⁿd̪^z ⁿt^sh č č^{h ñ}ɡ̌^ñč^h
f v s̪ š ž ç h
m m̥ m^l m̥^l n̪ n̪̥ ñ ñ̥ (ŋ)
l ɬ

Stops: p p^h ^mb ^mp^h t̪ t̪^h ^ʔt̪^h c c^h k k^h q q^h ʔ

Affricates: p^l p^{ɬ m}b^l ^mp^ɬ t̪^s t̪^sh ⁿd̪^z ⁿt^sh č č^{h ñ}ɡ̌^ñč^h

Fricatives: f v s̪ š ž ç h

Nasals: m m̥ m^l m̥^l n̪ n̪̥ ñ ñ̥ (ŋ)

Laterals: l ɬ

Glides: j

Vowel system:

Front Vowels: i e

Central Vowels: ɨ a

Back Vowels: u ɔ

Nasal Vowels: ǝ̃ õ (ɨ̃ ɔ̃)

Diphthongs: ai ia ǝɨ ɔw uǝ

Tones: hi-lev mid-lev lo-lev-glot hi-fall mid-fall-breathy mid-ris lo-ris

Pronouns:

1 4d 4
2 5d 5
3 6d 6

Syntax: SVO NA GN/NG ND NUM-N POSS-N

Prep/Post: PREP

Number: 2359

Language: Laka

Alternate Name: Yao

Location: S China (Kwangsi)

Population: 8,000

Classification: Austric: Miao-Yao: Yao

Other Sources: Mao Tsung-wu and Chou Tsu-yao. 1972. "A Brief Description of the Yao Language," in MYLS, 239-55.

Consonant system:

p p^h t t^h k k^{h
ʔ}b
p^l p^lh t^s t^{sh
ʔ}b^l
f θ h
m m^l n ŋ
m̥ n̥
l ɬ

Stops: p p^h ^ʔb t t^h k k^h

Affricates: p^l p^l^h ^ʔb^l t^s t^s^h

Fricatives: f θ h

Nasals: m m̥ m^l n n̥ ŋ

Laterals: l ɬ

Modified Consonants:

c^j k k^h ŋ ŋ̥ h
cʷ k k^h ŋ h

Glides: j ɥ w

Vowel system:

    i (ɨ) u
   ɛ (ǝ) o
    a

Front Vowels: i ɛ

Central Vowels: (ɨ) (ǝ) a

Back Vowels: u o

Long Vowels: ī ɛ̄ ā ū ɔ̄

Nasal Vowels:

ɛ̃ ã ũ õ
ı̃̄ ɛ̃̄ ã̄ ũ̄ ȭ

Diphthongs:

ie uǝ ai oi ui iu ɛu au ou
iẽ ẽi ãi õi ũi iũ ɛ̃u ãu
uǝi ieu

Tones: hi-fall lo-mid-ris-fall lo-mid-ris lo-lev hi-lev lo-mid-fall-ris

Demonstratives: 3

Pronouns:

1 4ie
2 5
3 6

Syntax: SVO NA NG ND POSS-N

Number: 2360

Language: Punu

Alternate Name: Bunu

Location: S China (Kuang-hsi)

Population: 237,000

Classification: Austric: Miao-Yao: Yao

Other Sources:

Mao Tsung-wu and Chou Tsu-yao. 1972. "A Brief Description of the Yao Language," in MYLS, 239-55.
Haudricourt, A. G. 1969. "Occlusives latérales dans le sud-est asiatique," BSLP 64, 221-32.

Consonant system:

p p^h t t^h ṭ ṭ^h c c^h k k^h
t^s t^s^h t^l t^l^h
f v θ ṣ ẓ z̥̣ ɣ h
m m̥ n n̥ ṇ ṇ̥ ñ ñ̥ ŋ ŋ̥
l l̥

Stops: p p^h t t^h ṭ ṭ^h c c^h k k^h

Affricates: t^s t^s^h t^l t^l^h

Fricatives: f v θ ṣ ẓ z̥̣ ɣ h

Nasals: m m̥ n n̥ ṇ ṇ̥ ñ ñ̥ ŋ ŋ̥

Laterals: l l̥

Modified Consonants: ^Nc p p^h t t^h ṭ ṭ^h c c^h k k^h t^s t^s^h t^l t^l^h cʷ k k^h ^ŋk ^ŋk^h ŋ ŋ̥ h

Glides: j j̥ w

Vowel system:

Front Vowels: i e

Central Vowels: a

Back Vowels: u o ɤ

Diphthongs:

ei ai oi au ɤu ua ia
iau

Tones: mid-lev lo-ris hi-lev lo-mid-ris-fall hi-mid-fall-to-2 lo-mid-lev hi-mid-fall-to-1 lo-mid-fall

Demonstratives: 4 (proximate/medial/distant/that distant and not visible) + ref

Pronouns:

1 4d 4
2 5d 5
3 6d 6

Syntax: SVO NA NG ND POSS-N

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