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\data\typol\typology
Number: 2721
Language: Virac
Location: Philippines
Classification: Austric: Austronesian: Malayo-Polynesian: Western: Meso-Phillipine: Central Philippines: Bikol
Consonant system:

   




Number: 2722
Language: Naga
Alternate Name: Bikol
Location: EC Philippines (SE Luzon)
Population: 3 million
Classification: Austric: Austronesian: Malayo-Polynesian: Western: Meso-Phillipine: Central Philippines: Bikol
Dictionary: Mintz, Malcolm W. 1971a. Bikol Dictionary. Honolulu: Univ Press of Hawaii.
Grammar:

   Epstein, Jon. 1967a. Standard Bikol. Washington D.C.: Dept of HEW, Office of Education.
Mintz, Malcolm W. 1971b. Bikal Grammar Notes. Honolulu: Univ of Hawaii Press.

TextBooks:

   Epstein, Jon. 1967b. Bikol Lessons. Wahsington, D.C.: Dept of HEW, Office of Education.
Mintz, Malcolm W. 1971c. Bikol Text. Honolulu: Univ of Hawaii Press.

Other Sources: NPL
Consonant system:

   p b t̪ d̪ k ɡ ʔ
(č) ɡ̌
s (š) h
m n̪ (ñ) ŋ
l (ʎ)
ɾ

Stops: p b t̪ d̪ k ɡ ʔ
Affricates: (č) ɡ̌
Fricatives: s (š) h
Nasals: m n̪ (ñ) ŋ
Laterals: l (ʎ)
Vibrants: ɾ
Glides: j w
Vowel system:

   

Front Vowels: I (e)
Central Vowels: a
Back Vowels: u (o)
Long Vowels: v̄ ?
Diphthongs: iw aj aw oj
Stress: phonemic
Demonstratives: 3
Articles: def, indef
Pronouns:

   1 4ie
2 5
3 6

Syntax: AN DN N-POSS
Prep/Post: PREP
Number: 2723
Language: Davaweño
Location: SE Philippines (E Mindanao)
Population: 124,000
Classification: Austric: Austronesian: Malayo-Polynesian: Western: Meso-Phillipine: Central Philippines: Mansakan
Consonant system:

   




Number: 2724
Language: Kamayo
Location: SE Philippines (NE Mindanao)
Classification: Austric: Austronesian: Malayo-Polynesian: Western: Meso-Phillipine: Central Philippines: Mansakan
Consonant system:

   




Number: 2725
Language: Isamal
Location: Philippines
Classification: Austric: Austronesian: Malayo-Polynesian: Western: Meso-Phillipine: Central Philippines: Mansakan
Consonant system:

   




Number: 2726
Language: Caraga
Location: SE Philippines (E Mindanao)
Population: 3,000
Classification: Austric: Austronesian: Malayo-Polynesian: Western: Meso-Phillipine: Central Philippines: Mansakan
Consonant system:

   




Number: 2727
Language: Mandayan
Location: SE Philippines (E Mindanao)
Population: 3,000
Classification: Austric: Austronesian: Malayo-Polynesian: Western: Meso-Phillipine: Central Philippines: Mansakan
Consonant system:

   




Number: 2728
Language: Mansakan
Alternate Name: Mansaka
Location: SE Philippines (SE Mindanao)
Population: 35,000
Classification: Austric: Austronesian: Malayo-Polynesian: Western: Meso-Phillipine: Central Philippines: Mansakan
Other Sources: PML
Consonant system:

   p b t d k ɡ ʔ

s
m n ŋ
l
r

Stops: p b t d k ɡ ʔ
Fricatives: s
Nasals: m n ŋ
Laterals: l
Vibrants: r
Glides: j w
Vowel system:

   

Front Vowels: i
Central Vowels: ɨ a
Back Vowels: u
Modified Vowels: v̆ (short vowels)
Demonstratives: 4: [3+ far distant]
Pronouns:

   1 4ie
2 5
3 6

Number: 2729
Language: Kalagan
Location: SE Philippines (SE Mindanao)
Population: 5,000
Classification: Austric: Austronesian: Malayo-Polynesian: Western: Meso-Phillipine: Central Philippines: Mansakan
Other Sources:

   Dawson, Francis B. 1958. "The Phonemes of Kalagan," OLM 3, 67-82.
WPF

Consonant system:

   b t d k ɡ ʔ

ɸ s (h)
m n ŋ
l

Stops: b t d k ɡ ʔ
Fricatives: ɸ s (h)
Nasals: m n ŋ
Laterals: l
Modified Consonants: c̄ s m n l
Glides: j w
Vowel system:

   

Front Vowels: i e
Central Vowels: ɨ a
Back Vowels: u o
Long Vowels: v̄ all
Syllable: (C)(C)V(C)
Stress: final
Pronouns:

   1 4di 4ie
2 5
3 6

Syntax: VSO NG
Prep/Post: PREP
Number: 2730
Language: Tagakaolo
Location: SE Philippines (S Mindanao)
Population: 38,000
Classification: Austric: Austronesian: Malayo-Polynesian: Western: Meso-Phillipine: Central Philippines: Mansakan
Other Sources:

   AL 7:2
PML

Consonant system:

   b t d k ɡ ʔ

ɸ s h
m n ŋ
l

Stops: b t d k ɡ ʔ
Fricatives: ɸ s h
Nasals: m n ŋ
Laterals: l
Glides: j w
Vowel system:

   

Front Vowels: i e
Central Vowels: ɨ a
Back Vowels: u o
Long Vowels: v̄
Demonstratives: 3
Pronouns:

   1 4d 4ie
2 5
6

Number: 2731
Language: Mamanwa
Location: SE Philippines (NE Mindanao)
Population: 1,400
Classification: Austric: Austronesian: Malayo-Polynesian: Western: Meso-Phillipine: Central Philippines: Mamanwa
Grammar: Miller, Jeanne and Helen Miller. 1976. Mamanwa Grammar. Huntington Beach, CA: SIL.
Other Sources:

   Blood, Doris Walker. 1962. "The 'Y' Archiphoneme in Mamanwa," AL 4:4, 29-30.
Verstraelen, Eugene. 1965. "Some Elementary Data on the Mamanwa Language," Anthropos 60, 803-15.
Miller, Jeanne. 1969. "Nonverbal Clauses in Mamanwa", PL A19,1-9.
Miller, Helen W. 1969. "Mamanwa Morphology," PL A19, 11-32.
Miller, Helen. 1973. "Thematization in Mamanwa," Linguistics 110, 55-73.
Miller, Jeanne. 1973. "Semantic Structure of Mamanwa Verbs," Lingustics 110, 74-81.
AL 7:2
PML

Consonant system:

   p b t d k ɡ ʔ

s ž h
m n ŋ
l
ɾ

Stops: p b t d k ɡ ʔ
Fricatives: s ž h
Nasals: m n ŋ
Laterals: l
Vibrants: ɾ
Glides: j w
Vowel system:

   

Front Vowels: i
Central Vowels: ɨ a
Back Vowels: o
Syllable: CV(C)
Stress: phonemic (but mostly final or penult)
Demonstratives: 3
Articles: def
Pronouns:

   1 4ie
2 5
3 6

Syntax: VSO AN/NA NG DN NUM-N N-POSS/POSS-N D+A+N
Prep/Post: PREP
Comments: spoken by Negritos
Number: 2732
Language: Surigaonon
Location: SE Philippines (NE Mindanao)
Classification: Austric: Austronesian: Malayo-Polynesian: Western: Meso-Phillipine: Central Philippines: Bisayan: South
Consonant system:

   




Number: 2733
Language: Jaun-Jaun
Location: Philippines
Classification: Austric: Austronesian: Malayo-Polynesian: Western: Meso-Phillipine: Central Philippines: Bisayan: South
Consonant system:

   




Number: 2734
Language: Kantilan
Location: Philippines
Classification: Austric: Austronesian: Malayo-Polynesian: Western: Meso-Phillipine: Central Philippines: Bisayan: South
Consonant system:

   




Number: 2735
Language: Tausug
Location: S Philippines (Jolo Is)
Population: 330,000
Classification: Austric: Austronesian: Malayo-Polynesian: Western: Meso-Phillipine: Central Philippines: Bisayan: South
Other Sources:

   PML
WPF

Consonant system:

   p b t d k ɡ ʔ

s ž h
m n ñ ŋ
l
r

Stops: p b t d k ɡ ʔ
Fricatives: s ž h
Nasals: m n ñ ŋ
Laterals: l
Vibrants: r
Glides: j w
Vowel system:

   

Front Vowels: i
Central Vowels: a
Back Vowels: u
Demonstratives: 4: [3 + far distant]
Pronouns:

   1 4di 4ie
2 5
3 6

Number: 2736
Language: Butuanon
Location: SE Philippines (NE Mindanao)
Classification: Austric: Austronesian: Malayo-Polynesian: Western: Meso-Phillipine: Central Philippines: Bisayan: South
Consonant system:

   




Number: 2737
Language: Cebuano
Location: SC Philippines (Cebu Is)
Population: 10 million
Classification: Austric: Austronesian: Malayo-Polynesian: Western: Meso-Phillipine: Central Philippines: Bisayan: Cebuan
Dictionary:

   Yap, Elsa Paula and Maria Victoria Bunye. 1971. Cebuano-Visayan Dictionary. Honolulu: Univ of Hawaii Press.
Wolff John U. 1972. A Dictionary of Cebuano Visayan. Ithaca: Southeast Asia Program, Cornell Univ.

Grammar:

   Nelson Andrew M. 1964. An Introduction to Cebuano. Cebu City: Rotary Press.
Buyne, Maria Victoria R. and Elsa Paula Yap. 1971a. Cebuano Grammar Notes. Honolulu: Univ of Hawaii Press.
Wolff John U. 1962. A Description of Cebuano Visayan. Ithaca: Division of Modern Languages, Cornell Univ.

TextBooks:

   Wolff John U. 1966. Beginning Cebuano, 2 vols. New Haven: Yale Univ Press.
Bunye, Maria Victoria R. and Elsa Paula Yap. 1971b. Cebuano for Beginners. Honolulu: Univ of Hawaii Press.

Consonant system:

   p b t d c ɟ k ɡ ʔ

s h
m n ŋ
l
ɾ

Stops: p b t d c ɟ k ɡ ʔ
Fricatives: s h
Nasals: m n ŋ
Laterals: l
Vibrants: ɾ
Glides: j w
Vowel system:

   

Front Vowels: i (e)
Central Vowels: a
Back Vowels: u (o)
Long Vowels: v̄ all
Diphthongs: ij aj uj iw aw
Stress: phonemic (but mostly predictable: (1) on long vowel, (2) penult, (3) final)
Demonstratives: 4: [3 + far away]
Pronouns:

   1 4ie
2 5
3 6

Syntax: VSO AN/(NA) NG DN NUM-N POSS-N/N-POSS
Prep/Post: PREP
Number: 2738
Language: Boholano
Location: Philippines
Classification: Austric: Austronesian: Malayo-Polynesian: Western: Meso-Phillipine: Central Philippines: Bisayan: Cebuan
Consonant system:

   




Number: 2739
Language: Gubat
Location: Philippines
Classification: Austric: Austronesian: Malayo-Polynesian: Western: Meso-Phillipine: Central Philippines: Bisayan: Central
Consonant system:

   




Number: 2740
Language: North Samar
Location: Philippines
Classification: Austric: Austronesian: Malayo-Polynesian: Western: Meso-Phillipine: Central Philippines: Bisayan: Central
Consonant system:

   




typology-language,typology-location,typology-classifica,typology-consonants,typology-language,typology-alternaten,typology-location,typology-population,typology-classifica,typology-dictionary,typology-grammar,typology-textbooks,typology-othersourc,typology-consonants,typology-stops,typology-affricates,typology-fricatives,typology-nasals,typology-laterals,typology-vibrants,typology-glides,typology-vowels,typology-frontvowel,typology-centralvow,typology-backvowels,typology-longvowels,typology-diphthongs,typology-stress,typology-demonstrat,typology-articles,typology-pronouns,typology-syntax,typology-preppost,typology-language,typology-location,typology-population,typology-classifica,typology-consonants,typology-language,typology-location,typology-classifica,typology-consonants,typology-language,typology-location,typology-classifica,typology-consonants,typology-language,typology-location,typology-population,typology-classifica,typology-consonants,typology-language,typology-location,typology-population,typology-classifica,typology-consonants,typology-language,typology-alternaten,typology-location,typology-population,typology-classifica,typology-othersourc,typology-consonants,typology-stops,typology-fricatives,typology-nasals,typology-laterals,typology-vibrants,typology-glides,typology-vowels,typology-frontvowel,typology-centralvow,typology-backvowels,typology-modifiedvo,typology-demonstrat,typology-pronouns,typology-language,typology-location,typology-population,typology-classifica,typology-othersourc,typology-consonants,typology-stops,typology-fricatives,typology-nasals,typology-laterals,typology-modifiedco,typology-glides,typology-vowels,typology-frontvowel,typology-centralvow,typology-backvowels,typology-longvowels,typology-syllable,typology-stress,typology-pronouns,typology-syntax,typology-preppost,typology-language,typology-location,typology-population,typology-classifica,typology-othersourc,typology-consonants,typology-stops,typology-fricatives,typology-nasals,typology-laterals,typology-glides,typology-vowels,typology-frontvowel,typology-centralvow,typology-backvowels,typology-longvowels,typology-demonstrat,typology-pronouns,typology-language,typology-location,typology-population,typology-classifica,typology-grammar,typology-othersourc,typology-consonants,typology-stops,typology-fricatives,typology-nasals,typology-laterals,typology-vibrants,typology-glides,typology-vowels,typology-frontvowel,typology-centralvow,typology-backvowels,typology-syllable,typology-stress,typology-demonstrat,typology-articles,typology-pronouns,typology-syntax,typology-preppost,typology-comments,typology-language,typology-location,typology-classifica,typology-consonants,typology-language,typology-location,typology-classifica,typology-consonants,typology-language,typology-location,typology-classifica,typology-consonants,typology-language,typology-location,typology-population,typology-classifica,typology-othersourc,typology-consonants,typology-stops,typology-fricatives,typology-nasals,typology-laterals,typology-vibrants,typology-glides,typology-vowels,typology-frontvowel,typology-centralvow,typology-backvowels,typology-demonstrat,typology-pronouns,typology-language,typology-location,typology-classifica,typology-consonants,typology-language,typology-location,typology-population,typology-classifica,typology-dictionary,typology-grammar,typology-textbooks,typology-consonants,typology-stops,typology-fricatives,typology-nasals,typology-laterals,typology-vibrants,typology-glides,typology-vowels,typology-frontvowel,typology-centralvow,typology-backvowels,typology-longvowels,typology-diphthongs,typology-stress,typology-demonstrat,typology-pronouns,typology-syntax,typology-preppost,typology-language,typology-location,typology-classifica,typology-consonants,typology-language,typology-location,typology-classifica,typology-consonants,typology-language,typology-location,typology-classifica,typology-consonants,
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