Classification:Austric: Austronesian: Malayo-Polynesian: Western: Meso-Phillipine: Central Philippines: Bikol
Consonant system:
Number:2722
Language:Naga
Alternate Name:Bikol
Location:EC Philippines (SE Luzon)
Population:3 million
Classification:Austric: Austronesian: Malayo-Polynesian: Western: Meso-Phillipine: Central Philippines: Bikol
Dictionary:Mintz, Malcolm W. 1971a. Bikol Dictionary. Honolulu: Univ Press of Hawaii.
Grammar:
Epstein, Jon. 1967a. Standard Bikol. Washington D.C.: Dept of HEW, Office of Education. Mintz, Malcolm W. 1971b. Bikal Grammar Notes. Honolulu: Univ of Hawaii Press.
TextBooks:
Epstein, Jon. 1967b. Bikol Lessons. Wahsington, D.C.: Dept of HEW, Office of Education. Mintz, Malcolm W. 1971c. Bikol Text. Honolulu: Univ of Hawaii Press.
Other Sources:NPL
Consonant system:
p b t̪ d̪ k ɡ ʔ (č) ɡ̌ s (š) h m n̪ (ñ) ŋ l (ʎ) ɾ
Stops:p b t̪ d̪ k ɡ ʔ
Affricates:(č) ɡ̌
Fricatives:s (š) h
Nasals:m n̪ (ñ) ŋ
Laterals:l (ʎ)
Vibrants:ɾ
Glides:j w
Vowel system:
Front Vowels:I (e)
Central Vowels:a
Back Vowels:u (o)
Long Vowels:v̄ ?
Diphthongs:iw aj aw oj
Stress:phonemic
Demonstratives:3
Articles:def, indef
Pronouns:
1 4ie 2 5 3 6
Syntax:AN DN N-POSS
Prep/Post:PREP
Number:2723
Language:Davaweño
Location: SE Philippines (E Mindanao)
Population:124,000
Classification:Austric: Austronesian: Malayo-Polynesian: Western: Meso-Phillipine: Central Philippines: Mansakan
Consonant system:
Number:2724
Language:Kamayo
Location:SE Philippines (NE Mindanao)
Classification:Austric: Austronesian: Malayo-Polynesian: Western: Meso-Phillipine: Central Philippines: Mansakan
Consonant system:
Number:2725
Language:Isamal
Location:Philippines
Classification:Austric: Austronesian: Malayo-Polynesian: Western: Meso-Phillipine: Central Philippines: Mansakan
Consonant system:
Number:2726
Language:Caraga
Location:SE Philippines (E Mindanao)
Population:3,000
Classification:Austric: Austronesian: Malayo-Polynesian: Western: Meso-Phillipine: Central Philippines: Mansakan
Consonant system:
Number:2727
Language:Mandayan
Location:SE Philippines (E Mindanao)
Population:3,000
Classification:Austric: Austronesian: Malayo-Polynesian: Western: Meso-Phillipine: Central Philippines: Mansakan
Consonant system:
Number:2728
Language:Mansakan
Alternate Name:Mansaka
Location:SE Philippines (SE Mindanao)
Population:35,000
Classification:Austric: Austronesian: Malayo-Polynesian: Western: Meso-Phillipine: Central Philippines: Mansakan
Other Sources:PML
Consonant system:
p b t d k ɡ ʔ
s m n ŋ l r
Stops:p b t d k ɡ ʔ
Fricatives:s
Nasals:m n ŋ
Laterals:l
Vibrants:r
Glides:j w
Vowel system:
Front Vowels:i
Central Vowels:ɨ a
Back Vowels:u
Modified Vowels:v̆ (short vowels)
Demonstratives:4: [3+ far distant]
Pronouns:
1 4ie 2 5 3 6
Number:2729
Language:Kalagan
Location:SE Philippines (SE Mindanao)
Population:5,000
Classification:Austric: Austronesian: Malayo-Polynesian: Western: Meso-Phillipine: Central Philippines: Mansakan
Other Sources:
Dawson, Francis B. 1958. "The Phonemes of Kalagan," OLM 3, 67-82. WPF
Consonant system:
b t d k ɡ ʔ
ɸ s (h) m n ŋ l
Stops:b t d k ɡ ʔ
Fricatives:ɸ s (h)
Nasals:m n ŋ
Laterals:l
Modified Consonants:c̄ s m n l
Glides:j w
Vowel system:
Front Vowels:i e
Central Vowels:ɨ a
Back Vowels:u o
Long Vowels:v̄ all
Syllable:(C)(C)V(C)
Stress:final
Pronouns:
1 4di 4ie 2 5 3 6
Syntax:VSO NG
Prep/Post:PREP
Number:2730
Language:Tagakaolo
Location:SE Philippines (S Mindanao)
Population:38,000
Classification:Austric: Austronesian: Malayo-Polynesian: Western: Meso-Phillipine: Central Philippines: Mansakan
Other Sources:
AL 7:2 PML
Consonant system:
b t d k ɡ ʔ
ɸ s h m n ŋ l
Stops:b t d k ɡ ʔ
Fricatives:ɸ s h
Nasals:m n ŋ
Laterals:l
Glides:j w
Vowel system:
Front Vowels:i e
Central Vowels:ɨ a
Back Vowels:u o
Long Vowels:v̄
Demonstratives:3
Pronouns:
1 4d 4ie 2 5 6
Number:2731
Language:Mamanwa
Location:SE Philippines (NE Mindanao)
Population:1,400
Classification:Austric: Austronesian: Malayo-Polynesian: Western: Meso-Phillipine: Central Philippines: Mamanwa
Grammar:Miller, Jeanne and Helen Miller. 1976. Mamanwa Grammar. Huntington Beach, CA: SIL.
Other Sources:
Blood, Doris Walker. 1962. "The 'Y' Archiphoneme in Mamanwa," AL 4:4, 29-30. Verstraelen, Eugene. 1965. "Some Elementary Data on the Mamanwa Language," Anthropos 60, 803-15. Miller, Jeanne. 1969. "Nonverbal Clauses in Mamanwa", PL A19,1-9. Miller, Helen W. 1969. "Mamanwa Morphology," PL A19, 11-32. Miller, Helen. 1973. "Thematization in Mamanwa," Linguistics 110, 55-73. Miller, Jeanne. 1973. "Semantic Structure of Mamanwa Verbs," Lingustics 110, 74-81. AL 7:2 PML
Consonant system:
p b t d k ɡ ʔ
s ž h m n ŋ l ɾ
Stops:p b t d k ɡ ʔ
Fricatives:s ž h
Nasals:m n ŋ
Laterals:l
Vibrants:ɾ
Glides:j w
Vowel system:
Front Vowels:i
Central Vowels:ɨ a
Back Vowels:o
Syllable:CV(C)
Stress:phonemic (but mostly final or penult)
Demonstratives:3
Articles:def
Pronouns:
1 4ie 2 5 3 6
Syntax:VSO AN/NA NG DN NUM-N N-POSS/POSS-N D+A+N
Prep/Post:PREP
Comments:spoken by Negritos
Number:2732
Language:Surigaonon
Location:SE Philippines (NE Mindanao)
Classification:Austric: Austronesian: Malayo-Polynesian: Western: Meso-Phillipine: Central Philippines: Bisayan: South
Consonant system:
Number:2733
Language:Jaun-Jaun
Location:Philippines
Classification:Austric: Austronesian: Malayo-Polynesian: Western: Meso-Phillipine: Central Philippines: Bisayan: South
Consonant system:
Number:2734
Language:Kantilan
Location:Philippines
Classification:Austric: Austronesian: Malayo-Polynesian: Western: Meso-Phillipine: Central Philippines: Bisayan: South
Consonant system:
Number:2735
Language:Tausug
Location:S Philippines (Jolo Is)
Population:330,000
Classification:Austric: Austronesian: Malayo-Polynesian: Western: Meso-Phillipine: Central Philippines: Bisayan: South
Other Sources:
PML WPF
Consonant system:
p b t d k ɡ ʔ
s ž h m n ñ ŋ l r
Stops:p b t d k ɡ ʔ
Fricatives:s ž h
Nasals:m n ñ ŋ
Laterals:l
Vibrants:r
Glides:j w
Vowel system:
Front Vowels:i
Central Vowels:a
Back Vowels:u
Demonstratives:4: [3 + far distant]
Pronouns:
1 4di 4ie 2 5 3 6
Number:2736
Language:Butuanon
Location:SE Philippines (NE Mindanao)
Classification:Austric: Austronesian: Malayo-Polynesian: Western: Meso-Phillipine: Central Philippines: Bisayan: South
Consonant system:
Number:2737
Language:Cebuano
Location:SC Philippines (Cebu Is)
Population:10 million
Classification:Austric: Austronesian: Malayo-Polynesian: Western: Meso-Phillipine: Central Philippines: Bisayan: Cebuan
Dictionary:
Yap, Elsa Paula and Maria Victoria Bunye. 1971. Cebuano-Visayan Dictionary. Honolulu: Univ of Hawaii Press. Wolff John U. 1972. A Dictionary of Cebuano Visayan. Ithaca: Southeast Asia Program, Cornell Univ.
Grammar:
Nelson Andrew M. 1964. An Introduction to Cebuano. Cebu City: Rotary Press. Buyne, Maria Victoria R. and Elsa Paula Yap. 1971a. Cebuano Grammar Notes. Honolulu: Univ of Hawaii Press. Wolff John U. 1962. A Description of Cebuano Visayan. Ithaca: Division of Modern Languages, Cornell Univ.
TextBooks:
Wolff John U. 1966. Beginning Cebuano, 2 vols. New Haven: Yale Univ Press. Bunye, Maria Victoria R. and Elsa Paula Yap. 1971b. Cebuano for Beginners. Honolulu: Univ of Hawaii Press.
Consonant system:
p b t d c ɟ k ɡ ʔ
s h m n ŋ l ɾ
Stops:p b t d c ɟ k ɡ ʔ
Fricatives:s h
Nasals:m n ŋ
Laterals:l
Vibrants:ɾ
Glides:j w
Vowel system:
Front Vowels:i (e)
Central Vowels:a
Back Vowels:u (o)
Long Vowels:v̄ all
Diphthongs:ij aj uj iw aw
Stress:phonemic (but mostly predictable: (1) on long vowel, (2) penult, (3) final)
Demonstratives:4: [3 + far away]
Pronouns:
1 4ie 2 5 3 6
Syntax:VSO AN/(NA) NG DN NUM-N POSS-N/N-POSS
Prep/Post:PREP
Number:2738
Language:Boholano
Location:Philippines
Classification:Austric: Austronesian: Malayo-Polynesian: Western: Meso-Phillipine: Central Philippines: Bisayan: Cebuan
Consonant system:
Number:2739
Language:Gubat
Location:Philippines
Classification:Austric: Austronesian: Malayo-Polynesian: Western: Meso-Phillipine: Central Philippines: Bisayan: Central
Consonant system:
Number:2740
Language:North Samar
Location:Philippines
Classification:Austric: Austronesian: Malayo-Polynesian: Western: Meso-Phillipine: Central Philippines: Bisayan: Central