A global linguistic database : Query result

Number: 3681

Language: Komutu

Location: E Papua New Guinea (N Morobe)

Population: 610

Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Central & Western: Finisterre-Huon: Finisterre: Uruwa

Consonant system:

Number: 3682

Language: Weleki

Location: E Papua New Guinea (N Morobe)

Population: 130

Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Central & Western: Finisterre-Huon: Finisterre: Uruwa

Consonant system:

Number: 3683

Language: Wiru

Location: C Papua New Guinea (E Southern Highlands)

Population: 16,000

Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Central & Western: East New Guinea Highlands

Other Sources:

LSGD
PLNGLS

Consonant system:

p^h ^mb t^h ⁿd k^h

m n ŋ
l

Stops: p^h ^mb t^h ⁿd k^h

Nasals: m n ŋ

Laterals: l

Glides: j w

Front Vowels: i ɛ

Central Vowels: a

Back Vowels: u ɔ

Long Vowels: v̄ ?

Syllable: (C)V(C)

Tones:

hi lo

Pronouns:

1 4d 4
2 5d 5
3 6d 6
5d=6d

Number: 3684

Language: Kenati

Location: C Papua New Guinea (S Eastern Highlands)

Population: 550

Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Central & Western: East New Guinea Highlands

Consonant system:

Number: 3685

Language: Gants

Location: C Papua New Guinea (SW Madang)

Population: 1,900

Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Central & Western: East New Guinea Highlands: Kalam

Consonant system:

Number: 3686

Language: Kalam

Location: C Papua New Guinea (SW Madang)

Population: 13,000

Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Central & Western: East New Guinea Highlands: Kalam

Other Sources:

Biggs, Bruce. 1963. "A Non-Phonemic Central Vowel Type in Karam, a 'Pigmy' Language of the Schrader Mountains, Central New Guinea," AL 5:4, 13-7.
E

Consonant system:

^mb t ⁿd k ^ŋɡ
č ^ñɡ̌
ɸ s
m n ñ ŋ

r

Stops: ^mb t ⁿd k ^ŋɡ

Affricates: č ^ñɡ̌

Fricatives: ɸ s

Nasals: m n ñ ŋ

Vibrants: r

Glides: j w

Front Vowels: i ɛ

Central Vowels: ǝ a

Back Vowels: u o

Long Vowels: v̄ all but ǝ

Diphthongs: aj ej aw

Syllable: (C)V(C)

Stress: phonemic, but mostly final

Syntax: SOV

Number: 3687

Language: Kobon

Location: C Papua New Guinea (SW Madang)

Population: 3,000

Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Central & Western: East New Guinea Highlands: Kalam

Other Sources: Dawson, Marcus and May Dawson. 1974. "Kobon Phrase," in Grammarical Studies in Three Languages of Papua New Guinea, Ukarumpa, PNG, SIL, 119-82.

Consonant system:

Syntax: SOV NA GN N-NUM N-POSS

Prep/Post: POST

Number: 3688

Language: Owena

Location: C Papua New Guinea (S Eastern Highlands)

Population: 380

Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Central & Western: East New Guinea Highlands: Eastern

Consonant system:

Number: 3689

Language: Gadsup

Location: C Papua New Guinea (NE Eastern Highlands)

Population: 20,000

Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Central & Western: East New Guinea Highlands: Eastern: Gadsup

Other Sources:

Frantz, Chester I. 1962. "Grammatical Categories as Indicated by Gadsup Noun Suffixes," OLM 6, 44-63.
Frantz, Chester and Howard McKaughan. 1964. "Gadsup Independent Verb Affixes," in VSFNGL, 84-99.
Frantz, Chester I. and Marjorie E. Frantz. 1966. "Gadsup Phoneme and Toneme Units, PL A7, 1-11.
Frantz, Chester I. 1976. "Gadsup Sentence Structure," in Higher Level Studies of Two Papua New Guinea Related Highlands Languages, Ukarumpa, PNG, SIL, 73-191.

Consonant system:

p t d k ʔ

β
m n

Stops: p t d k ʔ

Fricatives: β

Nasals: m n

Glides: j

Front Vowels: i

Central Vowels: ǝ

Back Vowels: u

Long Vowels: ē ā ō

Diphthongs: diphthonɡs

Syllable: (C)V(C)

Tones: hi lo ris fall

Noun Number: s d t p d=2 t=3 or several; p=>2

Pronouns:

1
2 5
3 6

Syntax: SOV AN GN DN NUM-N POSS-N

Prep/Post: POST

Number: 3690

Language: Gadsup

Dialect: Agarabi

Location: C Papua New Guinea (NE Eastern Highlands)

Population: 20,000 (11,000)

Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Central & Western: East New Guinea Highlands: Eastern: Gadsup

Grammar: Goddard, Jean. 1974. "Notes on Agarabi Grammar," in Grammatical Studies in Three Languages of Papua New Guinea, Ukarumpa, PNG, SIL, 75-118.

Other Sources:

Goddard, Jean. 1967. "Agarabi Narratives and Commentary," PL A13, 1-25.
Goddard, Jean. 1976. "Higher Levels of Agarabi Grammar," in Higher Level Studies of Two Papua New Guinea Related Highlands Languages, Ukarumpa, PNG, SIL, 5-72.

Consonant system:

p t k ʔ

m n

ɾ

Stops: p t k ʔ

Nasals: m n

Vibrants: ɾ

Glides: j w

Front Vowels: i

Central Vowels: ǝ

Back Vowels: u

Long Vowels: ɛ̄ ā ō

Tones:

hi
lo

Articles: def indef

Syntax: SOV AN GN DN NUM-N POSS-N Num+N+A

Prep/Post: POST

Number: 3691

Language: Auyana

Dialect: Usarufa

Location: C Papua New Guinea (NE Eastern Highlands)

Population: 75,000 (1,000)

Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Central & Western: East New Guinea Highlands: Eastern: Gadsup

Other Sources:

Bee, Darlene and Kathleen Barker Glasgow. 1962. "Usarufa Tone and Segmental Phonemes," OLM 6, 111-27.
Bee, Darlene. 1965. "Usarufa Distinctive Features and Phonemes," PL A6, 39-68.
Longacre, Robert E. 1972. Hierarchy and Universality of Discourse Constituents in New Guinea Languages: Texts. Washington, D.C: Georgetown Univ Press.
AL 7:9
WPF

Consonant system:

p ^ʔp t ^ʔt k ^ʔk ʔ (Some sources indicate that ǀ^ʔp, ^ʔt, ^ʔkǀ are rather ǀb, d, ɡǀ, with ǀb, ɡǀ realized as (β, ð).)

m ^ʔm n ^ʔn

ɾ

Stops: p ^ʔp t ^ʔt k ^ʔk ʔ (Some sources indicate that ǀ^ʔp, ^ʔt, ^ʔkǀ are rather ǀb, d, ɡǀ, with ǀb, ɡǀ realized as (β, ð).)

Nasals: m ^ʔm n ^ʔn

Vibrants: ɾ

Modified Consonants: c̄ m n

Glides: j ^ʔj w ^ʔw

Front Vowels: i e

Central Vowels: ɐ

Back Vowels: u o

Long Vowels: v̄ a only

Syllable: (C)V

Tones: hi lo fall

Pronouns:

1 4d 4t 4
2 5d 5t 5
3 6d 6t 6

Syntax: SOV AN GN DN NUM-N POSS-N D+A+N & Num+A+N

Prep/Post: POST

Number: 3692

Language: Awa

Location: C Papua New Guinea (S Eastern Highlands)

Population: 1,500

Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Central & Western: East New Guinea Highlands: Eastern: Gadsup

Dictionary: Loving, Richard and Aretta Loving. 1975. Awa Dictionary. PL C30.

Other Sources:

Loving, Richard and Aretta Loving. 1962. "A Preliminary Survey of Awa Noun Suffixes," OLM 6, 28-43.
Loving, Richard and Howard McKaughan. 1964. "Awa Verbs," in VSFNGL, 1-44.
Loving, Richard E. 1966. "Awa Phonemes, Tonemes and Tonally Differentiated Allomorphs," PL A7, 23-32.
PLNGLS

Consonant system:

p b t k ɡ ʔ
t^s

m n

ɾ

Stops: p b t k ɡ ʔ

Affricates: t^s

Nasals: m n

Vibrants: ɾ

Glides: j w

Front Vowels: i e æ

Central Vowels: ǝ a

Back Vowels: u o

Syllable: (C)V(N,ʔ)

Tones: hi lo ris fall

Noun Number: s d t p

Demonstratives: 5: [2 + that level over there, that above over there, that below over there] + ref

Articles: def

Pronouns:

1 4
2 5
3 6
4=5

Syntax: SOV AN GN DN NUM-N POSS-N D+A+N

Prep/Post: POST

Number: 3693

Language: Tairora

Location: C Papua New Guinea (E Eastern Highlands)

Population: 8,500

Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Central & Western: East New Guinea Highlands: Eastern: Tairora

Other Sources:

Vincent, Alex and Lois Vincent. 1962. "Introductory Notes on Tairora Verb Morphology and Syntax," OLM 6, 4-27.
Wurm, S. A. 1964. Phonological Diversification in Australian New Guinea Highlands Languages. PL B2.
WPF

Consonant system:

p b ^mb t ⁿd k ^ŋɡ ʔ

h
m n

ɾ

Stops: p b ^mb t ⁿd k ^ŋɡ ʔ

Fricatives: h

Nasals: m n

Vibrants: ɾ

Front Vowels: i

Central Vowels: ǝ

Back Vowels: u

Long Vowels: ē ā ō

Pronouns:

1 4die 4ie
2 5d 5
3 6d 6

Syntax: SOV

Prep/Post: POST

Number: 3694

Language: Binumarien

Location: C Papua New Guinea (NE Eastern Highlands)

Population: 150

Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Central & Western: East New Guinea Highlands: Eastern: Tairora

Other Sources: Oatridge, Des and Jennifer Oatridge. 1966. "Phonemes of Binumarien," PL A7, 13-21.

Consonant system:

p t k ʔ

ɸ s
m n (ŋ)

ɾ̣

Stops: p t k ʔ

Fricatives: h

Nasals: m n (ŋ)

Vibrants: ɾ̣

Modified Consonants: ^ʔc ?

Glides: j w

Front Vowels: i

Central Vowels: ɐ

Back Vowels: u

Long Vowels: ī ē ā ū ɔ̄

Diphthongs: ua au ai ia ui iu

Syllable: (C)(C)V

Tones: hi lo

Syntax: POSS-N

Prep/Post: POST

Number: 3695

Language: Waffa

Location: C Papua New Guinea (SW Morobe)

Population: 950

Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Central & Western: East New Guinea Highlands: Eastern: Tairora

Other Sources: Stringer, Mary and Joyce Hotz. 1971. "Waffa Phonemes," Te Reo 14, 42-8.

Consonant system:

p ^mb t ⁿd k ^ŋɡ ʔ

ɸ β β̃ s h
m n ŋ

ɾ ɾ̃

Stops: p ^mb t ⁿd k ^ŋɡ ʔ

Fricatives: ɸ β β̃ s h

Nasals: m n ŋ

Vibrants: ɾ ɾ̃

Glides: j

Front Vowels: i ɛ

Central Vowels: a

Back Vowels: u ɔ

Long Vowels: v̄ all

Syllable: (C)V

Stress: phonemic

Noun Number: s d p

Demonstratives: ref

Syntax: SOV GN POSS-N

Prep/Post: POST

Number: 3696

Language: Gende

Location: C Papua New Guinea (SC Madang)

Population: 9,000

Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Central & Western: East New Guinea Highlands: East-Central

Other Sources: Wurm, S. A. 1964. Phonological Diversification in Australian New Guinea Highlands Languages. PL B2.

Consonant system:

p b ^mb t ⁿd c ɟ ^ñɟ k ɡ ^ŋɡ

z
m n ñ
l
r

Stops: p b ^mb t ⁿd c ɟ ^ñɟ k ɡ ^ŋɡ

Fricatives: z

Nasals: m n ñ

Laterals: l

Vibrants: r

Modified Consonants: cʷ k ɡ ^ŋɡ

Glides: j w

Front Vowels: i e

Central Vowels: ǝ a

Back Vowels: u o

Number: 3697

Language: Kamano

Location: C Papua New Guinea (Eastern Highlands)

Population: 84,000

Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Central & Western: East New Guinea Highlands: East-Central

Other Sources:

Wurm, S. A. 1964. Phonological Diversification in Australian New Guinea Highlands Languages. PL B2.
Young, Rosemary. 1962. "The Phonemes of Kanite, Kamano, Benabena and Gahuku," OLM 6, 90-110.

Consonant system:

p t k ɡ ʔ

β f s z h
m n

ɾ

Stops: p t k ɡ ʔ

Fricatives: β f s z h

Nasals: m n

Vibrants: ɾ

Front Vowels: i ɛ

Central Vowels: a

Back Vowels: u o

Syllable: (C)V(ʔ)

Stress: phonemic

Number: 3698

Language: Kamano

Dialect: Yagaria

Location: C Papua New Guinea (Eastern Highlands)

Population: 84,000 (21,000)

Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Central & Western: East New Guinea Highlands: East-Central

Dictionary: Renck, G. L. 1977. Yagaria Dictionary. PL C37.

Grammar: Renck, G. L. 1975. A Grammar of Yagaria. PL B40.

Other Sources: Renck, G. L. 1967. "A Tentative Statement of the Phonemes of Yagaria," PL A12, 19-48.

Consonant system:

p b t d k ɡ ʔ

f v s h
m n
L

Stops: p b t d k ɡ ʔ

Fricatives: f v s h

Nasals: m n

Laterals: L

Glides: j

Front Vowels: i ɛ

Central Vowels: a

Back Vowels: u o

Modified Vowels: vowel harmony

Diphthongs: ɛi ou aɛ ao

Syllable: (C)V(ʔ)

Tones: hi mid lo

Stress: phonemic [stress and tones are linked]

Noun Number: (s, d, p suffixes rarely used)

Demonstratives: 3

Pronouns:

1 4d 4
2 5d 5
3 6d 6

Syntax: SOV AN(NA) GN DN N-NUM/(NUM-N) POSS-N(inalien)/N-POSS(alien) D+A+N+Num

Prep/Post: POST

Number: 3699

Language: Kamano

Dialect: Kanite

Location: C Papua New Guinea (Eastern Highlands)

Population: 84,000 (3,400)

Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Central & Western: East New Guinea Highlands: East-Central

Other Sources:

Young, Rosemary. 1962. "The Phoemes of Kanite, Kamano, Benabena and Gahuku," OLM 6, 90-110.
McCarthy, Joy. 1965. "Clause Chaining in Kanite," AL 7:5, 59-70.

Consonant system:

p t k ʔ

β f s h
m n
L

Stops: p t k ʔ

Fricatives: β f s h

Nasals: m n

Laterals: L

Glides: j

Front Vowels: i ɛ

Central Vowels: ǝ a

Back Vowels: u o

Diphthongs: ai au ǝi ǝu

Syllable: (C)V(ʔ)

Tones: hi lo

Stress: phonemic

Syntax: SOV AN GN POSS-N

Prep/Post: POST

Number: 3700

Language: Siane

Location: C Papua New Guinea (Eastern Highlands)

Population: 16,000

Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Central & Western: East New Guinea Highlands: East-Central: Siane

Other Sources:

Lucht, Ramona and Dorothy James. 1962. "Phonemes of Siane," Te Reo 5, 12-6.
WALS

Consonant system:

p ^mb t ⁿd k ^ŋɡ (ʔ)

f s
m n
l

Stops: p ^mb t ⁿd k ^ŋɡ (ʔ)

Fricatives: f s

Nasals: m n

Laterals: l

Glides: j w

Front Vowels: i e

Central Vowels: a

Back Vowels: u o

Syllable: (C)V

Tones: hi lo

Stress: initial

Syntax: SOV