Other Sources:Breen, J. G. 1976. "An Introduction to Gog-Nar," in LCY, 243-59.
Consonant system:
p t̯ t c k
β ɣ m n̯ n ñ ŋ l ɾ r ɹ̣̣
Stops:p t̯ t c k
Fricatives:β ɣ
Nasals:m n̯ n ñ ŋ
Laterals:l
Vibrants:ɾ r ɹ̣̣
Glides:j w
Front Vowels:i e ø
Central Vowels:ǝ a
Back Vowels:u o
Long Vowels:v̄ ?
Syllable:(C)CV(C)(C)(C)
Stress:initial
Pronouns:
1 4d 4 2 5d 5 3 6d 6
Syntax:SOV NA ND N-POSS
Ergative:erg
Prep/Post:POST
Number:4482
Language:Thaypan
Alternate Name:Kuku-Thaypan
Location:NE Australia (N Queensland)
Classification:Australian: Pama-Nyungan: Paman: Central
Other Sources:
Rigsby, Bruce. 1976a. "Kuku-Thaypan Descriptive and Historical Phonology," in LCY, 68-77. Rigsby, Bruce. 1976b. "Possession in Kuku-Thaypan," in LCY, 260-8.
Consonant system:
p mb t̯ n̯d̯ t nd c ñɟ k ŋɡ
β ð ɣ m n̯ n ñ ŋ l r ṛ
Stops:p mb t̯ n̯d̯ t nd c ñɟ k ŋɡ
Fricatives:β ð ɣ
Nasals:m n̯ n ñ ŋ
Laterals:l
Vibrants:r ṛ
Glides:j w
Front Vowels:i e (æ)
Central Vowels:ɨ a
Back Vowels:u o (ɔ)
Stress:on first vowel following a consonant
Pronouns:
1 4d 4 2 5d 5 3 6d 6
Syntax:SOV NA GN N-NUM N-POSS
Ergative:erg
Prep/Post:POST
Number:4483
Language:Aghu-Tharnggala
Location:Australia
Classification:Australian: Pama-Nyungan: Paman: Central
Consonant system:
Number:4484
Language:Gogo Mini
Location:Australia
Classification:Australian: Pama-Nyungan: Paman: Central
Consonant system:
Number:4485
Language:Dagalag
Location:Australia
Classification:Australian: Pama-Nyungan: Paman: Central
Consonant system:
Number:4486
Language:Kawarrangg
Location:Australia
Classification:Australian: Pama-Nyungan: Paman: Central
Consonant system:
Number:4487
Language:Oykangand
Location:NE Australia (N Queensland)
Population:60
Classification:Australian: Pama-Nyungan: Paman: Central
Other Sources:
Sommer, B. A. and E. G. Sommer. 1967. "Kunjen Pronouns and Kinship," in PL A10, 53-9. Sommer, B. A. 1969. Kunjen Phonology: Synchronic and Diachronic. PL B11. Sommer, Bruce A. 1970. "An Australian Language without CV syllables," IJAL 36, 57-8. Sommer, Bruce A. 1972. Kunjen Syntax: A Generative View. Canberra: AIAS.
Consonant system:
p ph t̯ t̯h t th c ch k kh
f (ð) ɣ m n̯ n ñ ŋ l r̥ ɹ̣̣
Stops:p ph t̯ t̯h t th c ch k kh
Fricatives:f (ð) ɣ
Nasals:m n̯ n ñ ŋ
Laterals:l
Vibrants:r̥ ɹ̣̣
Glides:j w
Front Vowels:I ɛ
Central Vowels:a
Back Vowels:ʋ o
Syllable:VC(C)(C)(C)
Stress:phonemic
Pronouns:
1 4die 4ie 2 5d 5 3 6d 6
Syntax:SOV NA NG ND N-POSS
Ergative:erg
Prep/Post:POST
Number:4488
Language:Kurtjar
Location:Australia
Classification:Australian: Pama-Nyungan: Paman: Norman
Consonant system:
Number:4489
Language:Kuthant
Location:Australia
Classification:Australian: Pama-Nyungan: Paman: Norman
Consonant system:
Number:4490
Language:Walangama
Location:NE Australia (N Queensland)
Classification:Australian: Pama-Nyungan: Paman: Norman
de Zwaan, Jan Daniel. 1969. A Preliminary Analysis of Gogo-Yimidjir. Canberra: AIAS. GD: Haviland, John. 1979a. "Guugu Yimidhirr," in HAL 1, 26-180.
Other Sources:Haviland, John B. 1979b. "How to Talk to Your Brother-in-law in Guugu Yimidhirr," in LTS, 160-239.
Consonant system:
b d̯ d ɟ ɡ (According to de Zwaan (1969), men's speech shows a preference for voiced stop allophones, while women's speech prefers voiceless stop allophones.)
m n̯ n ñ ŋ l r ɹ̣̣
Stops:b d̯ d ɟ ɡ (According to de Zwaan (1969), men's speech shows a preference for voiced stop allophones, while women's speech prefers voiceless stop allophones.)
Nasals:m n̯ n ñ ŋ
Laterals:l
Vibrants:r ɹ̣̣
Glides:j w
Front Vowels:i
Central Vowels:a
Back Vowels:u
Long Vowels:v̄ all
Modified Vowels:vowel harmony
Syllable:CV(C)
Stress:initial (& on v̄)
Noun Number:s p
Demonstratives:2
Pronouns:
1 4d(ie) 4 2 5d 5 3 6d 6 "Free pronouns . . . refer, with few exceptions, to animate beings usually to humans." Haviland 1979a, 65.
Syntax:SOV NA GN/NG DN N-NUM POSS-N/N-POSS
Ergative:erg
Prep/Post:POST
Number:4498
Language:Gugu Yalandyi
Alternate Name:Kuku-Yalanji
Location:NE Australia (N Queensland)
Population:500
Classification:Australian: Pama-Nyungan: Yalanjic
Grammar:GD: Oates, William, et al. 1964. Gugu-Yalanji and Wik-Munkan Language Studies. Canberra: AIAS.
Other Sources:
Oates, Lynette. 1964. "Distribution of Phonemes and Syllables in Gugu-Yalanji," AL 6:1, 23-6. Hershberger, Ruth. 1964a. "Notes on Gugu-Yalanji Verbs," in PLAA, 35-54. Hershberger, Ruth. 1964b. "Personal Pronouns in Gugu-Yalanji," in PLAA, 55-68. Hershberger, Ruth. 1964c. "-Ku 'then' and -Da 'now' in Gugu-Yalanji," in PLAA, 69-72. Hershberger, Henry. 1964a. "Case Marking Affixes in Gugu-Yalanji," in PLAA, 73-82. Hershberger, Henry. 1964b. "Gugu-Yalanji Noun Phrases," in PLAA, 83-90. Oates, William and Lynette Oates. 1964. "Gugu-Yalanji Linguistic and Anthropological Data," in Gugu-Yalanji and Wik-Munkan Language Studies, 1-17. Hershberger, Ruth. 1970. "Sentence Types in Gugu-Yalanji," in PL C13, 811-24. Hershberger, Henry and Eunice V. Pike. 1970. "Stress as Related to the Grammar of Gugu-Yalanji," in PL C13, 791-810.
Consonant system:
b d ɟ ɡ
m n ñ ŋ l r ɹ̣̣
Stops:b d ɟ ɡ
Nasals:m n ñ ŋ
Laterals:l
Vibrants:r ɹ̣̣
Glides:j w
Front Vowels:i
Central Vowels:a
Back Vowels:u
Modified Vowels:vowel harmony
Syllable:(C)CV(C)
Stress:initial
Noun Number:human nouns have reduplicated plurals
Pronouns:
1 4d 4ie 2 5d 5 3 6d 6 5 is sometimes used as an honorific 2 by men in a brother-in-law relationship to each other.
Syntax:SOV NA GN DN N-NUM POSS-N/(N-POSS) D+N+A+Num
Prep/Post:POST
Number:4499
Language:Dyaabugay
Alternate Name:Djabugay
Location:NE Australia (NE Queensland)
Classification:Australian: Pama-Nyungan: Yidinyic
Other Sources:
Hale, Kenneth. 1976. "Tyaˑpukay (Djaabugay)," in LCY, 236-42. WALS
Consonant system:
p t c k
m n ñ ŋ l r ɹ
Stops:p t c k
Nasals:m n ñ ŋ
Laterals:l
Vibrants:r ɹ
Glides:j w
Front Vowels:i
Central Vowels:a
Back Vowels:u
Long Vowels:v̄ all
Stress:initial
Demonstratives:2
Pronouns:
1 4 2 5 *3 *6
Syntax:SOV
Number:4500
Language:Yidiny
Location:NE Australia (NE Queensland)
Classification:Australian: Pama-Nyungan: Yidinyic
Grammar:Dixon, R. M. W. 1977. A Grammar of Yidiny. Cambridge: Cambridge Univ Press.
Consonant system:
b d ɟ ɡ
m n ñ ŋ l r ɹ̣
Stops:b d ɟ ɡ
Nasals:m n ñ ŋ
Laterals:l
Vibrants:r ɹ̣
Glides:j w
Front Vowels:i
Central Vowels:a
Back Vowels:u
Long Vowels:v̄ all
Syllable:(C)V(C)
Stress:on 1st v̄; if no v̄, initial
Demonstratives:3
Pronouns:
1 4d 4 2 5 *3
Syntax:SOV NA GN/NG DN N-NUM POSS-N/N-POSS D+N+Num+A