A global linguistic database : Query result

Number: 4761

Language: Proto-Siouan

Location: C North America

Classification: Amerind: Keresiouan: Siouan-Yuchi: Siouan

Other Sources:

Wolff, Hans. 1950. "Comparative Siouan I-III," IJAL 16, 61-6,113-21,168-78.
Matthews, G. H. 1970. "Some Notes on the Proto-Siouan Continuants," IJAL 36, 98-109.

Consonant system:

   p t k ʔ
    č
    s x h
m n
    ɾ r

Stops: p t k ʔ

Affricates: č

Fricatives: s x h

Nasals: m n

Vibrants: ɾ r

Glides: w

Vowel system:

i u
e o
a

Front Vowels: i e

Central Vowels: a

Back Vowels: u o

Nasal Vowels: ĩ ã ũ

Stress: phonemic

Number: 4762

Language: Catawba

Location: South Carolina

Population: 10

Classification: Amerind: Keresiouan: Siouan-Yuchi: Siouan: Catawba

Other Sources:

Matthews, G. Hubert and Red Thunder Cloud. 1967. "Catawba Texts," IJAL 33, 7-24.
CS

Consonant system:

   p t k ʔ
b d g
    č
    s h
m n

r

Stops: p b t d k ɡ ʔ

Affricates: č

Fricatives: s h

Nasals: m n

Vibrants: r

Glides: j w

Vowel system:

    i u
e ǝ o
    ɔ
    a

Front Vowels: i e

Central Vowels: ǝ a

Back Vowels: u o ɔ

Long Vowels: v̄ all but ǝ

Nasal Vowels:

ṽ all but ǝ
v̄̃ all but ǝ

Stress: phonemic

Demonstratives: 3

Articles: def

Pronouns:

1 4
2
3 6

Syntax: SOV NA GN ND N-NUM N-POSS/POSS-N

Prep/Post: POST

Number: 4763

Language: Woccon

Location: E North Carolina

Population: extinct

Classification: Amerind: Keresiouan: Siouan-Yuchi: Siouan: Catawba

Consonant system:

Number: 4764

Language: Mandan

Location: North Dakota

Population: 10

Classification: Amerind: Keresiouan: Siouan-Yuchi: Siouan: Mandan

Grammar: Kennard, Edward. 1936. "Mandan Grammar," IJAL 9, 1-43.

Other Sources: CS

Consonant system:

   p t̪ k ʔ
    s̪ š x h
m n
    r

Stops: p t̪ k ʔ

Fricatives: s̪ š x h

Nasals: m n

Vibrants: r

Glides: w

Vowel system:

i u
e o
a

Front Vowels: i e

Central Vowels: a

Back Vowels: u o

Long Vowels: v̄ all

Nasal Vowels: ĩ ã ũ

Syllable: (C)(C)V(C)(C)

Noun Number: s p

Demonstratives: 2

Articles: indef def

Pronouns:

1 4
2

Syntax: SOV NA GN ND N-NUM POSS-N/(N-POSS[6])

Prep/Post: POST

Number: 4765

Language: Crow

Location: S Montana

Population: 3,000

Classification: Amerind: Keresiouan: Siouan-Yuchi: Siouan: Northern Plains

Dictionary: Lowie, Robert H. 1960a. Crow Word Lists. Berkeley: Univ of California Press.

Other Sources:

Kaschube, Dorothea. 1954. "Examples of Tone in Crow," IJAL 20, 34-6.
Lowie, Robert H.1960b. Crow Texts. Berkeley: Univ of California Press.
Gordon, Raymond G. Jr. 1972. "Pitch Accent in Crow," IJAL 38, 191-200.
CS

Consonant system:

   p t k (ʔ)
    č
    s š x h
m n
    r

Stops: p t k (ʔ)

Affricates: č

Fricatives: s š x h

Nasals: m n

Vibrants: r

Modified Consonants: all but h w

Glides: w

Vowel system:

i u
e o
a

Front Vowels: i e

Central Vowels: a

Back Vowels: u o

Long Vowels: v̄ all

Syllable: (C)V(C)

Tones: hi lo fall

Stress: phonemic

Noun Number: s p

Articles: def indef

Syntax: SOV NA GN DN N-NUM POSS-N

Prep/Post: POST

Number: 4766

Language: Hidatsa

Location: North Dakota

Population: 1,500

Classification: Amerind: Keresiouan: Siouan-Yuchi: Siouan: Northern Plains

Other Sources:

Robinett, Florence M. 1955. "Hidatsa I: Morphophonemics," IJAL 21, 1-7.
CS
WALS

Consonant system:

   p t k ʔ
    t^s
    š x h
(m) (n)
    r

Stops: p t k ʔ

Affricates: t^s

Fricatives: š x h

Nasals: (m) (n)

Vibrants: r

Modified Consonants: c̄ p t k t^s š x h

Glides: w

Vowel system:

i u
e o
a

Front Vowels: i e

Central Vowels: a

Back Vowels: u o

Long Vowels: v̄ all

Diphthongs: ia ua ui

Stress: phonemic

Syntax: SOV

Number: 4767

Language: Dakota

Dialect: Assiniboine

Location: NE Montana

Population: 12,000

Classification: Amerind: Keresiouan: Siouan-Yuchi: Siouan: Mississippi Valley

Grammar: Levin, Norman Balfour. 1964. The Assiniboine Language. Bloomington: Indiana Univ.

Other Sources:

Lowie, Robert H. 1960. "A Few Assiniboine Texts," AL 2:8,1-31.
Hollow, Robert C. Jr. 1970. "A Note on Assiniboine Phonology," IJAL 36, 296-8.

Consonant system:

    p^h p^ʔ t̪^h t̪^ʔ k^h k^ʔ
   b d̪ ɡ
    č^h č^ʔ
    ɡ̌
    s s^ʔ š š^ʔ x x^ʔ h
    z ž ɣ
m n̪

Stops: p^h p^ʔ b t̪^h t̪^ʔ d̪ k^h k^ʔ ɡ

Affricates: č^h č^ʔ ɡ̌

Fricatives: s s^ʔ z š š^ʔ ž x x^ʔɣ h

Nasals: m n̪

Glides: j w

Vowel system:

i u
e o
a

Front Vowels: i e

Central Vowels: a

Back Vowels: u o

Nasal Vowels: ĩ ã ũ

Stress: on second syllable

Noun Number: s p

Demonstratives: 2

Articles: def

Pronouns:

1 4ie
2 5
3 6

Syntax: SOV NA GN DN/ND N-NUM POSS-N N+NUM+A

Prep/Post: POST

Number: 4768

Language: Dakota

Alternate Name: Lakhota

Dialect: Teton

Location: South Dakota

Population: 12,000

Classification: Amerind: Keresiouan: Siouan-Yuchi: Siouan: Mississippi Valley

Dictionary:

Buechel, Eugene. 1970. A Dictionary of the Teton Dakota Sioux Language. Pine Ridge, South Dakota: Red Cloud Indian School.

Grammar: Buechel, Eugene. 1939. A Grammar of Lakota. St. Francis, South Dakota.

Other Sources:

Boas, Franz and Ella Deloria. 1932. "Notes on the Dakota, Teton Dialect, "IJAL 7, 97-121.
Stark, Donald S. 1962. "Boundary Markers in Dakota," IJAL 28, 19-35.
Chambers, J. K. 1978. "Dakota Accent," in LSNC, 3-18.

Consonant system:

   p^h p^ʔ t^h t^ʔ k^h k^ʔ
b d ɡ
    č^h č^ʔ
    ɡ̌
    s s^ʔ š š^ʔ x χ χ^ʔ h
    z ž ɣ
m n
    l

Stops: p^h p^ʔ b t^h t^ʔ d k^h k^ʔ ɡ

Affricates: č^h č^ʔ ɡ̌

Fricatives: s s^ʔ z š š^ʔ ž x ɣ χ χ^ʔ h

Nasals: m n

Laterals: l

Glides: j w

Vowel system:

I ʋ
ɛ o
a

Front Vowels: I ɛ

Central Vowels: a

Back Vowels: ʋ o

Nasal Vowels: Ĩ ã ʋ̃

Syllable: (C)(C)V(C)

Stress: on second syllable

Noun Number: s p

Demonstratives: 3

Articles: def indef

Pronouns:

1 4di 4
2 5
3 6

Syntax: SOV NA GN/NG DN N-NUM N-POSS/POSS-N

Noun Incorporation: noun incorp

Prep/Post: POST

Number: 4769

Language: Dakota

Dialect: Santee

Location: C Canada (S Manitoba)

Population: 12,000

Classification: Amerind: Keresiouan: Siouan-Yuchi: Siouan: Mississippi Valley

Other Sources: CS

Consonant system:

    p t k ʔ
b d
    č
    s š x h
    z ž ɣ
m n

Stops: p b t d k ʔ

Affricates: č

Fricatives: s z š ž x ɣ h

Nasals: m n

Glides: j w

Vowel system:

i u
e o
a

Front Vowels: i e

Central Vowels: a

Back Vowels: u o

Nasal Vowels: ĩ ã ũ

Stress: phonemic

Number: 4770

Language: Omaha

Alternate Name: Dhegiha

Location: Nebraska

Population: 2,000

Classification: Amerind: Keresiouan: Siouan-Yuchi: Siouan: Mississippi Valley

Other Sources:

CS
WALS

Consonant system:

   p t k ʔ
b d ɡ
    č
    θ s š x h
    z ž
m n

Stops: p b t d k ɡ ʔ

Affricates: č

Fricatives: θ s z š ž x h

Nasals: m n

Glides: w

Vowel system:

i u
e o
a

Front Vowels: i e

Central Vowels: a

Back Vowels: u o

Nasal Vowels: ı̃ ã

Stress: phonemic

Syntax: SOV

Number: 4771

Language: Osage

Alternate Name: Dhegiha

Location: Missouri

Population: 2,000

Classification: Amerind: Keresiouan: Siouan-Yuchi: Siouan: Mississippi Valley

Other Sources:

Wolff,Hans. 1952. "Osage I :phonemes and Historical Phonology," IJAL 18, 63-8.
Wolff, Hans. 1958. "An Osage Graphemic Experiment," IJAL 24, 30-5.
CS
WALS

Consonant system:

   p t k ʔ
    t^s
    s š x h
   ð z ž
m n
    l
b^r

Stops: p t k ʔ

Affricates: t^s

Fricatives: ð s z š ž x h

Nasals: m n

Laterals: l

Vibrants: b^r

Modified Consonants:

? c^ʔ p k č
CS includes b d ɡ θ.

Glides: w

Vowel system:

i u
ɛ o
ɑ

Front Vowels: i ɛ

Back Vowels: u o ɑ

Nasal Vowels: ĩ ã õ

Syllable: (C)(C)V

Stress: phonemic

Syntax: SOV

Number: 4772

Language: Quapaw

Location: E Arkansas

Population: extinct

Classification: Amerind: Keresiouan: Siouan-Yuchi: Siouan: Mississippi Valley

Consonant system:

Number: 4773

Language: Kansa

Location: Oklahoma

Classification: Amerind: Keresiouan: Siouan-Yuchi: Siouan: Mississippi Valley

Consonant system:

Number: 4774

Language: Chiwere

Location: Missouri

Population: 300

Classification: Amerind: Keresiouan: Siouan-Yuchi: Siouan: Mississippi Valley

Grammar: Whiteman, William. 1947. "Descriptive Grammar of Ioway-Oto," IJAL 13, 233-48.

Other Sources: CS

Consonant system:

   p t k ʔ
b d ɡ
    č
    ɡ̌
    θ s x h
    ð
m n ŋ
    ľ

Stops: p b t d k ɡ ʔ

Affricates: č ɡ̌

Fricatives: θ ð s x h

Nasals: m n ŋ

Laterals: ľ

Glides: j w

Vowel system:

i u
e o
a

Front Vowels: i e

Central Vowels: a

Back Vowels: u o

Nasal Vowels: ĩ ǝ̃ ũ

Syllable: (C)(C)V(C)

Stress: phonemic

Number: 4775

Language: Winnebago

Location: Wisconsin

Population: 1,500

Classification: Amerind: Keresiouan: Siouan-Yuchi: Siouan: Mississippi Valley

Grammar:

Lipkind, William. 1945. Winnebago Grammar. Morningside Heights, NY: King's Crown Press.

Other Sources:

Sebeok, Thomas A. 1947. "Two Winnebago Texts," IJAL 13, 167-70.
Walker, Willard. 1974. "The Winnebago Syllabary and the Generative Model," AL 16, 393-414.
CS
WPF

Consonant system:

   p^h p^ʔ t^h k^h k^ʔ ʔ
b d ɡ
    č^h č^ʔ
    ɡ̌
    s s^ʔ š š^ʔ x x^ʔ h
    z ž ɣ
m n
    ɾ

Stops: p^h p^ʔ b t^h d k^h k^ʔ ɡ ʔ

Affricates: č^h č^ʔ ɡ̌

Fricatives: s s^ʔ z š š^ʔ ž x x^ʔ ɣ h

Nasals: m n

Vibrants: ɾ

Glides: j w

Vowel system:

i u
e o
a

Front Vowels: i e

Central Vowels: a

Back Vowels: u o

Long Vowels: (v̄)

Nasal Vowels: ĩ ã ũ

Syllable: (C)(C)V(C)

Demonstratives: 3

Articles: def,indef

Pronouns:

1 4di 4ie
2 5
3 6
These are verbal affixes: "No really independent personal pronouns are found."

Syntax: SOV NA GN ND N-NUM N-POSS /POSS-N

Prep/Post: POST

Number: 4776

Language: Tutelo

Location: Virginia

Population: extinct

Classification: Amerind: Keresiouan: Siouan-Yuchi: Siouan: Southeast

Other Sources:

CS
WALS

Consonant system:

   p t k
    č
    s š x h
m n
    l

Stops: p t k

Affricates: č

Fricatives: s š x h

Nasals: m n

Laterals: l

Glides: j w

Vowel system:

i u
e o
a

Front Vowels: i e

Central Vowels: a

Back Vowels: u o

Nasal Vowels: ṽ all

Stress: phonemic

Syntax: SOV

Number: 4777

Language: Biloxi

Location: SE Mississippi

Population: extinct (c.1935)

Classification: Amerind: Keresiouan: Siouan-Yuchi: Siouan: Southeast

Grammar: Einaudi, Paula Ferris. 1976. A Grammar of Biloxi. New York: Garland.

Other Sources: Haas, Mary R. 1968. "The Last Words of Biloxi," IJAL 34, 77-84.

Consonant system:

    p t k
(b)d
    č
    s x h
m n

Stops: p (b) t d k

Affricates: č

Fricatives: s x h

Nasals: m n

Glides: j w

Vowel system:

    I
    ǝ o
ɛ ɔ
    a

Front Vowels: I ɛ

Central Vowels: ǝ a

Back Vowels: o ɔ

Long Vowels: ē ɛ̄ ā ō ɔ̄

Nasal Vowels:

Ĩ ã ɔ̃
Ĩ̄ ã̄ ɔ̃̄

Noun Number: s (p)

Demonstratives: 2

Articles: def

Pronouns:

1 4
2 5
3 6

Syntax: SOV NA GN ND N-NUM N-POSS/POSS-N

Prep/Post: POST

Number: 4778

Language: Biloxi

Population: extinct

Classification: Amerind: Keresiouan: Siouan-Yuchi: Siouan: Southeast

Consonant system:

Number: 4779

Language: Ofo

Location: Mississippi

Population: extinct

Classification: Amerind: Keresiouan: Siouan-Yuchi: Siouan: Southeast

Other Sources: CS

Consonant system:

    p t k
    č
   f s š x h
m n
    l

Stops: p t k

Affricates: č

Fricatives: f s š x h

Nasals: m n

Laterals: l

Glides: j w

Vowel system:

i u
e o
a

Front Vowels: i e

Central Vowels: a

Back Vowels: u o

Nasal Vowels: ĩ ã ũ õ

Stress: phonemic

Number: 4780

Language: Proto-Caddoan

Location: C North America

Classification: Amerind: Keresiouan: Caddoan

Other Sources:

Taylor, Allan R. 1963. "Comparative Caddoan," IJAL 29,113-31.
Chafe, Wallace L. 1979. "Caddoan,"in LNA, 213-35.

Consonant system:

    p t k kʷ ʔ
    t^s
    s h
    n
    r

Stops: p t k kʷ ʔ

Affricates: t^s

Fricatives: s h

Nasals: n

Vibrants: r

Glides: j w

Vowel system:

i u
a

Front Vowels: i

Central Vowels: a

Back Vowels: u