A global linguistic database : Query result

Number: 4801

Language: Takelma

Location: W Oregon

Population: extinct

Classification: Amerind: Penutian: Oregon: Takelman

Other Sources:

Sapir, Edward. 1909. Takelma Texts. Philadelphia: University Museum.
Shipley, William. 1969. "Proto-Takelman" IJAL 35, 226-30.
WPF

Consonant system:

    p p^h p^ʔ t t^h t^ʔ k k^h k^ʔ kʷ k^hʷ k^ʔʷ ʔ
    t^s t^sʔ
    s x h
m n
    l

Stops: p p^h p^ʔ t t^h t^ʔ k k^h k^ʔ kʷ k^hʷ k^ʔʷ ʔ

Affricates: t^s t^sʔ

Fricatives: s x h

Nasals: m n

Laterals: l

Glides: j w

Vowel system:

i u
e o
a

Front Vowels: i e

Central Vowels: a

Back Vowels: u o

Long Vowels: v̄ all

Tones: hi-ris lo-fall

Pronouns:

1 4d 4
2 5d 5
3 6d 6

Syntax: SOV NA GN DN NUM-N/N-NUM POSS-N/N-POSS

Ergative: erg

Prep/Post: POST

Number: 4802

Language: Santiam

Location: NW Oregon

Population: 2

Classification: Amerind: Penutian: Oregon: Takelman

Other Sources: Jacobs, Melville. 1945. Kalapuya Texts. Seattle: Univ of Washington.

Consonant system:

p p^ʔ t t^ʔ k k^ʔ q q^ʔ ʔ
b d ɡ G
f s š x χ h
m n
l ɬ

Stops: p p^ʔ b t t^ʔd k k^ʔ ɡ q q^ʔ G ʔ

Fricatives: f s š x χ h

Nasals: m n

Laterals: l ɬ

Modified Consonants: c̄

Glides: j w

Vowel system:

i u
e o
a

Front Vowels: i e

Central Vowels: a

Back Vowels: u o

Long Vowels: v̄ all

Number: 4803

Language: Tfalati

Location: NW Oregon

Population: extinct

Classification: Amerind: Penutian: Oregon: Takelman

Consonant system:

Number: 4804

Language: Yonkalla

Location: NW Oregon

Population: extinct

Classification: Amerind: Penutian: Oregon: Takelman

Consonant system:

Number: 4805

Language: Coos

Location: W Oregon

Population: 10

Classification: Amerind: Penutian: Oregon: Coast

Other Sources:

Pierce, Joe E. 1971. "Hanis (Coos) Phonemics," Linguistics 75, 31-42.
WPF

Consonant system:

    p t t^ʔ k k^ʔ kʷ kʷ^ʔ q q^ʔ
b d ɡ ɡʷ G
    t^s t^sʔ t^l t^lʔ č č^ʔ
    d^z d^l ɡ̌
    s š x xʷ χ h hʷ
    ɣ
m n
    l ɬ

Stops: p b t t^ʔ d k k^ʔ ɡ kʷ kʷ^ʔ ɡʷ q q^ʔ G

Affricates: t^s t^sʔ d^z t^l t^lʔd^l č č^ʔ ɡ̌

Fricatives: s š x ɣ xʷ χ h hʷ

Nasals: m n

Laterals: l ɬ

Glides: j w

Vowel system:

    i u
   ɛ ǝ
    a

Front Vowels: i ɛ

Central Vowels: ǝ a

Back Vowels: u

Long Vowels: v̄

Pronouns:

1 4die 4ie
2 5d 5
6d 6

Syntax: VOS/OVS AN GN

Ergative: erg

Prep/Post: POST

Number: 4806

Language: Alsea

Location: NW Oregon

Population: extinct (c.1940)

Classification: Amerind: Penutian: Oregon: Coast

Other Sources: Frachtenberg, Leo J. 1917. "Myths of the Alsea Indians of Northwestern Oregon," IJAL 1, 64-75.

Consonant system:

    p p^h p^ʔ t t^h t^ʔ c c^ʔ k k^h k^ʔ q q^ʔ ʔ
    d ɟ
    t^s t^sʔ t^l t^lʔ
    s ç x h hʷ
m n
    l ɬ

Stops: p p^h p^ʔ t t^h t^ʔ d c c^ʔ ɟ k k^h k^ʔ q q^ʔ ʔ

Affricates: t^s t^sʔ t^l t^lʔ

Fricatives: s ç x h hʷ

Nasals: m n

Laterals: l ɬ

Glides: j w

Vowel system:

I u
ɛ ǝ ɔ
æ

Front Vowels: I ɛ æ

Central Vowels: ǝ

Back Vowels: u ɔ

Long Vowels: ī ē ā ū ō

Nasal Vowels:

ṽ all but ǝ
v̄̃ all but ǝ

Diphthongs: diphthonɡs

Number: 4807

Language: Siuslaw

Location: Oregon

Population: 2

Classification: Amerind: Penutian: Oregon: Coast

Other Sources:

Hymes, Dell. 1966. "Some Points of Siuslaw Phonology," IJAL 32, 328-42.
WPF

Consonant system:

   p p^ʔ t t^ʔk k^ʔ ʔ
    t^s t^sʔ t^l t^lʔč č^ʔ
    s š x h
m n
    l ɬ

Stops: p p^ʔ t t^ʔk k^ʔ ʔ

Affricates: t^s t^sʔ t^l t^lʔč č^ʔ

Fricatives: s š x h

Nasals: m n

Laterals: l ɬ

Glides: j w

Vowel system:

    i u
    ǝ
    a

Front Vowels: i

Central Vowels: ǝ a

Back Vowels: u

Long Vowels: ī ā ū

Pronouns:

1 4die 4ie
2 5d 5
3 6d 6

Syntax: VOS/OVS

Ergative: erg

Number: 4808

Language: Klamath

Location: SW Oregon

Population: 100

Classification: Amerind: Penutian: Plateau

Dictionary: Barker, M. A. R. 1963. Klamath Dictionary. UCPL 31.

Grammar: Barker, M. A. R. 1964. Klamath Grammar. UCPL 32.

Consonant system:

   p p^h p^ʔ t t^h t^ʔ k k^h k^ʔ q q^h q^ʔ ʔ
    č č^h č^ʔ
    s h
m m̥ ^ʔm n n̥ ^ʔn
    l ^ʔl ɬ

Stops: p p^h p^ʔ t t^h t^ʔ k k^h k^ʔ q q^h q^ʔ ʔ

Affricates: č č^h č^ʔ

Fricatives: s h

Nasals: m m̥ ^ʔm n n̥ ^ʔn

Laterals: l ^ʔl ɬ

Glides: j j̥ ^ʔj w w̥ ^ʔw

Vowel system:

I
o
ɛ ɐ

Front Vowels: I ɛ

Central Vowels: ɐ

Back Vowels: o

Long Vowels: ī ǣ ō ɑ̄

Syllable: (C)(C)(C)V(C)(C)(C)(C)

Noun Number: s p [pl suffixes only for kinship nouns]

Demonstratives: 3 + ref

Articles: SVO/SOV AN/(NA) GN DN/(ND) NUM-N POSS-N/(N-POSS) [NA ND N-POSS]less common

Pronouns:

1 4
2 5
3 6

Prep/Post: POST

Number: 4809

Language: Sahaptin

Location: NE Oregon

Population: 2,750

Classification: Amerind: Penutian: Plateau

Other Sources:

Aoki, Haruo. 1962. "Nez Perce and Northern Sahaptin: A Binary Comparison," IJAL 28, 172-82.
Aoki, Haruo. 1963. "On Sahaptin-Klamath Linguistic Affiliations," IJAL 29, 107-12
WALS

Consonant system:

   p p^ʔ t t^ʔ k k^ʔkʷ k^ʔʷq q^ʔ qʷ q^ʔʷ ʔ
    t^θʔ t^s t^sʔt^l t^lʔ č č^ʔ
    s š x xʷ χ χʷ h
m n
    l ɬ

Stops: p p^ʔ t t^ʔ k k^ʔkʷ k^ʔʷ q q^ʔ qʷ q^ʔʷ ʔ

Affricates: t^θʔ t^s t^sʔt^l t^lʔ č č^ʔ

Fricatives: s š x xʷ χ χʷ h

Nasals: m n

Laterals: l ɬ

Vowel system:

i u
ǝ
æ a

Front Vowels: i æ

Central Vowels: ǝ a

Back Vowels: u

Long Vowels: ī ɛ̄ ǣ ǝ̄ ā ū ɔ̄

Syntax: VSO

Ergative: erg

Number: 4810

Language: Sahaptin

Dialect: Colombia River

Location: N Oregon

Population: 2,750

Classification: Amerind: Penutian: Plateau

Other Sources:

Rigsby, Bruce J. 1965. "Continuity and Change in Sahaptin Vowel Systems," IJAL 31, 306-11.
WALS

Consonant system:

   p p^ʔ t t^ʔ k k^ʔkʷ k^ʔʷq q^ʔ qʷ q^ʔʷ ʔ
    t^s t^sʔt^l t^lʔ č č^ʔ
    s š x xʷ χ χʷ h
m n
    l ɬ

Stops: p p^ʔ t t^ʔ k k^ʔkʷ k^ʔʷ q q^ʔ qʷ q^ʔʷ ʔ

Affricates: t^s t^sʔt^l t^lʔ č č^ʔ

Fricatives: s š x xʷ χ χʷ h

Nasals: m n

Laterals: l ɬ

Glides: j w

Vowel system:

i u
a

Front Vowels: i

Central Vowels: a

Back Vowels: u

Long Vowels: v̄ all

Stress: phonemic

Syntax: VSO

Ergative: erg

Number: 4811

Language: Nez Perce

Location: Idaho

Population: 750

Classification: Amerind: Penutian: Plateau

Grammar: Aoki, Haruo. 1970. Nez Perce Grammar. UCPL 62.

Other Sources: Aoki, Haruo. 1979. Nez Perce Texts. UCPL 90.

Consonant system:

   p p^ʔ t̪ t̪^ʔ k k^ʔq q^ʔ ʔ
    t^s t^sʔ
    s x χ h
m ^ʔm n̪ ^ʔn̪
    l̪ ɬ̪ ^ʔl̪

Stops: p p^ʔ t̪ t̪^ʔ k k^ʔq q^ʔ ʔ

Affricates: t^s t^sʔ

Fricatives: s x χ h

Nasals: m ^ʔm n̪ ^ʔn̪

Laterals: l̪ ɬ̪ ^ʔl̪

Modified Consonants: c̄ p t t^s q s m n j w l only

Glides: j ^ʔj w̥ ^ʔw

Vowel system:

    I ʋ
    ɔ
   æ a

Front Vowels: I æ

Central Vowels: a

Back Vowels: ʋ ɔ

Long Vowels: ī ǣ ā ū ɔ̄

Modified Vowels: vowel harmony

Syllable: CV(C)(C)(C)(C)

Stress: phonemic

Noun Number: s p

Demonstratives: 2

Pronouns:

1 4
2 5
3 6
[5=6]

Syntax: VSO AN GN DN NUM-N POSS-N D+A+N

Prep/Post: PREP/POST

Comments:

"The favored order in a sentence, on the surface, is VSO." P.1 Aoki 1979.
Examples seem to show SOV also. MR

Number: 4812

Language: Molale

Location: W Oregon

Population: extinct

Classification: Amerind: Penutian: Plateau

Other Sources: Rigsby, Bruce J. 1966. "On Cayuse-Molale Relatability," IJAL 32, 369-78.

Consonant system:

   p p^ʔ t t^ʔ k k^ʔq q^ʔ ʔ
    t^s t^sʔt^l
f s h
m n ŋ
    l ɬ

Stops: p p^ʔ t t^ʔ k k^ʔq q^ʔ ʔ

Affricates: t^s t^sʔt^l

Fricatives: f s h

Nasals: m n ŋ

Laterals: l ɬ

Glides: j w

Vowel system:

i u
e
a

Front Vowels: i e

Central Vowels: a

Back Vowels: u

Long Vowels: v̄ all

Stress: phonemic

Pronouns:

1 4d 4
2 5d 5
3 6d 6

Syntax: N-POSS

Number: 4813

Language: Cayuse

Location: NE Oregon

Population: extinct

Classification: Amerind: Penutian: Plateau

Consonant system:

Number: 4814

Language: Nomlaki

Location: N California

Population: 5

Classification: Amerind: Penutian: California: Wintun

Consonant system:

Number: 4815

Language: Patwin

Location: N California

Population: 50

Classification: Amerind: Penutian: California: Wintun

Other Sources: Callaghan, Catherine A. 1964. "Phonemic Borrowing in Lake Miwok," in SCL, 46-53.

Consonant system:

   p p^h p^ʔ t t^h t^ʔ k k^h k^ʔ ʔ
b d
    t^lʔč č^ʔ
    s h
m n
    l ɬ
    r

Stops: p p^h p^ʔb t t^h t^ʔ d k k^h k^ʔ ʔ

Affricates: t^lʔč č^ʔ

Fricatives: s h

Nasals: m n

Laterals: l ɬ

Vibrants: r

Glides: j w

Vowel system:

i u
e o
a

Front Vowels: i e

Central Vowels: a

Back Vowels: u o

Long Vowels: v̄ all

Number: 4816

Language: Wintun

Location: N California

Population: 25

Classification: Amerind: Penutian: California: Wintun

Other Sources: Broadbent, Sylvia M. and Harvey Pitkin. 1964. "A Comparison of Miwok and Wintun," in SCL, 19-45.

Consonant system:

   p p^h p^ʔ t t^h t^ʔ k k^ʔ q q^ʔʔ
b d
t^lʔč č^ʔ
    s x χ h
m n
    l ɬ
    r

Stops: p p^h p^ʔb t t^h t^ʔ d k k^ʔ q q^ʔʔ

Affricates: t^lʔč č^ʔ

Fricatives: s x χ h

Nasals: m n

Laterals: l ɬ

Vibrants: r

Glides: j w

Vowel system:

i u
e o
a

Front Vowels: i e

Central Vowels: a

Back Vowels: u o

Long Vowels: v̄ all

Number: 4817

Language: Proto-Maiduan

Location: N California

Classification: Amerind: Penutian: California: Maiduan

Other Sources: Ultan, Russell. 1964. "Proto-Maiduan Phonology," IJAL 30, 355-70.

Consonant system:

   p p^ʔ t t^ʔ k k^ʔʔ
b d
    t^sʔ
    s h
m n
    l

Stops: p p^ʔ b t t^ʔ d k k^ʔʔ

Affricates: t^sʔ

Fricatives: s h

Nasals: m n

Laterals: l

Glides: j w

Vowel system:

i ɨ u
e o
a

Front Vowels: i e

Central Vowels: ɨ a

Back Vowels: u o

Syllable: CV(C)

Number: 4818

Language: Mountain Maidu

Alternate Name: Maidu (Northeast)

Location: N California

Population: 10

Classification: Amerind: Penutian: California: Maiduan

Dictionary: Shipley, William F. 1963. Maidu Texts and Dictionary. UCPL 33.

Grammar: Shipley, William F. 1964. Maidu Grammar. UCPL 41.

Other Sources: Shipley, William. 1956. "The Phonemes of Northeastern Maidu," IJAL 22, 233-7.

Consonant system:

   p^h p^ʔ t^h t^ʔ c^h c^ʔk^h k^ʔʔ
ɓ ɗ
    s h
m n
    l

Stops: p^h p^ʔɓ t^h t^ʔ ɗ c^h c^ʔk^h k^ʔʔ

Fricatives: s h

Nasals: m n

Laterals: l

Modified Consonants: c̄

Glides: j w

Vowel system:

i ɨ u
ɛ ɔ
a

Front Vowels: i ɛ

Central Vowels: ɨ a

Back Vowels: u ɔ

Modified Vowels: vowel harmony

Syllable: CV(C)

Stress: phonemic

Noun Number: (a rare dual, no plural)

Demonstratives: 3

Pronouns:

1 4d 4
2 5d 5
*3 6d 6

Syntax: SOV AN GN DN NUM-N POSS-N D+A+N

Prep/Post: POST

Number: 4819

Language: Northwest Maidu

Alternate Name: Konkow

Location: N California

Population: 10

Classification: Amerind: Penutian: California: Maiduan

Other Sources: WPF

Consonant system:

Pronouns:

1 4d 4
2 5d 5
3 6d 6

Number: 4820

Language: Southern Maidu

Location: C California

Population: 50

Classification: Amerind: Penutian: California: Maiduan

Dictionary: Uldall, Hans Jørgen and William Shipley. 1966. Nisenan Texts and Dictionary. UCPL 46.

Other Sources: Paul, Joan S. 1967. "Phonemic Analysis of Auburn Nisenan: a Dialect of Maidu," AL 9:9, 12-24. WPF

Consonant system:

   p p^ʔ t t^ʔ k k^ʔʔ
ɓ ɗ
    t^s t^sʔ
    s h
m n
    l

Stops: p p^ʔ ɓ t t^ʔ ɗ k k^ʔʔ

Affricates: t^s t^sʔ

Fricatives: s h

Nasals: m n

Laterals: l

Glides: j w

Vowel system:

i ɨ u
e o
a

Front Vowels: i e

Central Vowels: ɨ a

Back Vowels: u o

Long Vowels: v̄ all

Pronouns:

1 4d 4
2 5d 5
3 6d 6

Syntax: SOV DN NUM-N

Prep/Post: POST