A global linguistic database : Query result

Number: 4841

Language: Atakapa

Location: E Texas

Population: extinct

Classification: Amerind: Penutian: Gulf: Tunica-Chitimacha

Grammar: Swanton, John R. 1929. "A Sketch of the Atakapa Language," IJAL 5, 121-49.

Other Sources:

Suarez, Jorge A. 1975. Estudios Huaves. Mexico City: Instituto Nacional de Antropologia e Historia.
Swadesh, Morris. 1946. "Phonologic Formulas for Atakapa-Chitimacha," IJAL 12, 113-32.

Consonant system:

   p t k
    t^s
    š h
m n
    l ɬ

Stops: p t k

Affricates: t^s

Fricatives: š h

Nasals: m n

Laterals: l ɬ

Glides: j w

Vowel system:

i u
e o
a

Front Vowels: i e

Central Vowels: a

Back Vowels: u o

Long Vowels: v̄ ?

Noun Number: s p

Demonstratives: 3

Articles: def

Pronouns:

1 4
2 5
3 6
+ indef

Syntax: NA/(AN) GN DN NUM-N/N-NUM POSS-N

Prep/Post: POST

Number: 4842

Language: Yuki

Location: C California

Population: 1 (1970)

Classification: Amerind: Penutian: Gulf: Yuki-Wappo

Other Sources: WPF

Consonant system:

Pronouns:

1 4ie
2 5

Number: 4843

Language: Wappo

Location: C California

Population: 1 (1970)

Classification: Amerind: Penutian: Gulf: Yuki-Wappo

Dictionary: Sawyer, Jesse O. 1965. English-Wappo Vocabulary. UCPL 43.

Other Sources:

Elmendorf, William W. 1968. "Lexical and Cultural Change in Yukian," AL 10:7, 1-41.
Li, Charles N., Sandra A. Thompson and Jesse O. Sawyer. 1977. "Subject and Word Order in Wappo," IJAL 43, 85-100.

Consonant system:

   p p^ʔ t̪ t̪^ʔ ṭ ṭ^ʔ k k^ʔ ʔ
    t^st^sʔ č č^ʔ
    s š h
m ^ʔm n ^ʔn
    l ^ʔl

Stops: p p^ʔ t̪ t̪^ʔ ṭ ṭ^ʔ k k^ʔ ʔ

Affricates: t^st^sʔ č č^ʔ

Fricatives: s š h

Nasals: m ^ʔm n ^ʔn

Laterals: l ^ʔl

Glides: j ^ʔj w ^ʔw

Vowel system:

i u
e o
a

Front Vowels: i e

Central Vowels: a

Back Vowels: u o

Long Vowels: v̄ all

Stress: phonemic

Noun Number: s p

Demonstratives: 2

Pronouns:

1 4
2 5
*3hH *6hH
h=hum H=non-hum

Syntax: SOV NA GN DN N-NUM POSS-N

Prep/Post: POST

Number: 4844

Language: Natchez

Location: Mississippi

Population: extinct

Classification: Amerind: Penutian: Gulf: Natchez-Muskogean: Natchez

Other Sources:

Suarez, Jorge A. 1975. Estudios Huaves. Mexico City: Instituto Nacional de Antropologia e Historia.
Haas, Mary R. 1956. "Natchez and the Muskogean Languages," Lg 32, 61-72.
WALS

Consonant system:

   p t k kʷ ʔ
    t^s
    š h
m m̥ n n̥
    l ɬ

Stops: p t k kʷ ʔ

Affricates: t^s

Fricatives: š h

Nasals: m m̥ n n̥

Laterals: l ɬ

Glides: j j̥ w w̥

Vowel system:

i u
e (ø) o
a

Front Vowels: i e (ø)

Central Vowels: a

Back Vowels: u o

Long Vowels: v̄ all

Modified Vowels: vowel harmony

Syllable: CV(C)(C)(C)

Pronouns:

1 4d 4
2 5d 5
3 6d 6

Syntax: SOV

Number: 4845

Language: Proto-Muskogean

Location: SE USA

Classification: Amerind: Penutian: Gulf: Natchez-Muskogean: Muskogean

Other Sources: Suarez, Jorge A. 1975. Estudios Huaves. Mexico City: Instituto Nacional de Antropologia e Historia.

Consonant system:

   p t k
b
    t^s
f s š h
m n
    l ɬ

Stops: p b t k

Affricates: t^s

Fricatives: f s š h

Nasals: m n

Laterals: l ɬ

Glides: j w

Vowel system:

i u
a

Front Vowels: i

Central Vowels: a

Back Vowels: u

Long Vowels: v̄ all

Number: 4846

Language: Choctaw

Location: Mississippi

Population: 12,000

Classification: Amerind: Penutian: Gulf: Natchez-Muskogean: Muskogean: Western

Other Sources:

IJAL 23, 85-93.
WALS

Consonant system:

   p t k ʔ
b ɡ
    č
f θ s š x h
m n
    l

Stops: p b t k ɡ ʔ

Affricates: č

Fricatives: f θ s š x h

Nasals: m n

Laterals: l

Glides: j w

Vowel system:

i u
e ǝ o
a

Front Vowels: i e

Central Vowels: ǝ a

Back Vowels: u o

Long Vowels: v̄ all

Nasal Vowels:

ṽ all
v̄̃ all

Syntax: SOV

Number: 4847

Language: Muskogee

Dialect: Creek, Seminole

Location: Alabama

Population: 10,000

Classification: Amerind: Penutian: Gulf: Natchez-Muskogean: Muskogean: Eastern

Grammar: Nathan, Michele. 1977. Grammatical Description of the Florida Seminole Dialect of Creek. New Orleans: Tulane Univ Diss.

Other Sources:

Haas, Mary R. 1940. "Ablaut and Its Funciton in Muskogee," Lg 16, 141-50.
Haas, Mary R. 1951. "Interlingual Word Taboos," American Anthropologist 53, 338-44.
Haas, Mary R. 1956. "Natchez and the Muskogean Languages," Lg 32, 61-72.

Consonant system:

   p t̪ k
    č
ɸ š h
m n̪
    l̪ ɬ̪

Stops: p t̪ k

Affricates: č

Fricatives: ɸ š h

Nasals: m n̪

Laterals: l̪ ɬ̪

Modified Consonants: c̄ all but l w

Glides: j w

Vowel system:

I ʋ
(e)
ɐ

Front Vowels: I (e)

Central Vowels: ɐ

Back Vowels: ʋ

Long Vowels: ī ā ō

Nasal Vowels: ı̃̄ ã̄ ȭ

Syllable: (C)(C)V(C)(C)(C)

Tones: hi-level fall ris

Noun Number: s p (p usually restricted to human nouns)

Demonstratives: 3

Pronouns:

1 4
2 5
3 6

Syntax: SOV NA GN DN N-NUM POSS-N D+N+A

Prep/Post: POST

Number: 4848

Language: Mikasuki

Alternate Name: Hitchiti

Location: Florida

Population: 700

Classification: Amerind: Penutian: Gulf: Natchez-Muskogean: Muskogean: Eastern

Other Sources:

West, John David. 1962. "The Phonology of Mikasuki," Studies in Linguistics 16, 77-91.
WALS
WPF

Consonant system:

   p t k ʔ
b
    č
f š h
m n ŋ
    l ɬ

Stops: p b t k ʔ

Affricates: č

Fricatives: f š h

Nasals: m n ŋ

Laterals: l ɬ

Glides: j w

Vowel system:

    i
    o
    a

Front Vowels: i

Central Vowels: a

Back Vowels: o

Long Vowels: v̄ all

Nasal Vowels: ṽ all

Tones: hi mid lo extra-hi mid-fall hi-fall mid-ris

Pronouns:

1 4d 4
2 5d 5
3 6d 6

Syntax: SOV

Number: 4849

Language: Apalachee

Location: NW Florida

Population: extinct

Classification: Amerind: Penutian: Gulf: Natchez-Muskogean: Muskogean: Eastern

Consonant system:

Number: 4850

Language: Alabama

Location: Alabama

Population: 300

Classification: Amerind: Penutian: Gulf: Natchez-Muskogean: Muskogean: Eastern

Other Sources: Rand, Earl. 1968. "The Structural Phonology of Alabaman, a Muskogean Language," IJAL 34, 94-103.

Consonant system:

   p^h t̪^h k^hb
    č
ɸ s h
m n̪
    l ɬ

Stops: p^h b t̪^h k^h

Affricates: č

Fricatives: ɸ s h

Nasals: m n̪

Laterals: l ɬ

Modified Consonants: c̄

Glides: j w

Vowel system:

I ʋ
a

Front Vowels: I

Central Vowels: a

Back Vowels: ʋ

Long Vowels: ē ā ō

Syllable: (C)(C)V(C)

Stress: phonemic

Number: 4851

Language: Koasati

Location: SW Louisiana

Population: 150

Classification: Amerind: Penutian: Gulf: Natchez-Muskogean: Muskogean: Eastern

Other Sources:

Haas, Mary R. 1944. "Men's and Women's Speech in Koasati," Lg 20, 142-9.
CTIL 3, 125.
WALS
WPF

Consonant system:

   p t̪ k
b
    t^s
f s h
m n̪
    l̪ ɬ̪

Stops: p b t̪ k

Affricates: t^s

Fricatives: f s h

Nasals: m n̪

Laterals: l̪ ɬ̪

Glides: j w

Vowel system:

I ʋ
ɐ

Front Vowels: I

Central Vowels: ɐ

Back Vowels: ʋ

Long Vowels: ē ā ō

Nasal Vowels:

ṽ all
v̄̃ all

Tones: hi fall

Pronouns:

1 4
2 5
6

Syntax: SOV

Number: 4852

Language: Huave

Location: S Mexico (Oaxaca)

Population: 7,000

Classification: Amerind: Penutian: Mexican: Huave

Grammar: Smith, Buckingham. 1861. Grammatical Sketch of the Heve Language. New York: Cramoisy. [Reprinted 1970 by AMS Press, New York]

Other Sources:

Radin, Paul. 1929. "Huave Texts," IJAL 5, 1-56.
Stairs, Emily F. and Barbara Erickson Hollenbach. 1969. "Huave Verb Morphology," IJAL 35, 38-53.
Suarez, Jorge A. 1975. Estudios Huaves. Mexico City: Instituto Nacional de Antropologia e Historia.

Consonant system:

   p t k
b d ɡ
    t^s č
    s š h
m n
    l
    ɾ r

Stops: p b t d k ɡ

Affricates: t^s č

Fricatives: s š h

Nasals: m n

Laterals: l

Vibrants: ɾ r

Glides: j w

Vowel system:

i ɨ u
e o
a

Front Vowels: i e

Central Vowels: ɨ a

Back Vowels: u o

Long Vowels: v̄ all

Demonstratives: 2

Pronouns:

1 4
2 5
*3 *6

Syntax: SVO NA NG DN/ND NUM-N POSS-N

Prep/Post: PREP

Number: 4853

Language: Totonac

Dialect: Zacatlan

Location: SC Mexico (Puebla)

Population: 63,800

Classification: Amerind: Penutian: Mexican: Totonacan

Other Sources:

Aschmann, Herman P. 1946. "Totonac Phonemes," IJAL 12, 34-43.
Bishop, Ruth G. 1979. "Tense-Aspect in Totonac Narrative Discourse," in DSML, 31-68.
WPF

Consonant system:

   p t k q ʔ
    t^s č
    s š h
m n
    l ɬ

Stops: p t k q ʔ

Affricates: t^s č

Fricatives: s š h

Nasals: m n

Laterals: l ɬ

Glides: j w

Vowel system:

i u
a

Front Vowels: i

Central Vowels: a

Back Vowels: u

Long Vowels: v̄ all

Modified Vowels:

v̤ all (larynɡealized)
v̤̄ all

Tones: 0

Demonstratives: ref

Articles: def indef

Pronouns:

1 4
2 5
3 6

Syntax: VSO AN NG DN NUM-N POSS-N

Prep/Post: PREP

Number: 4854

Language: Totonac

Dialect: Villa Juarez

Location: SC Mexico (Puebla)

Population: 63,800

Classification: Amerind: Penutian: Mexican: Totonacan

Other Sources:

Reid, Aileen A. Ruth G. Bishop, Ella M. Button and Robert E. Longacre. 1968. Totonac: From Clause to Discourse. Norman: SIL.
WALS

Consonant system:

   p t k q ʔ
    t^s t^l č
    s š x χ
m n
    l ɬ

Stops: p t k q ʔ

Affricates: t^s t^l č

Fricatives: s š x χ

Nasals: m n

Laterals: l ɬ

Glides: j w

Vowel system:

i u
e o
a

Front Vowels: i e

Central Vowels: a

Back Vowels: u o

Long Vowels: v̄ all

Tones: 0

Syntax: SVO

Number: 4855

Language: Tepehua

Location: Mexico (Hidalgo)

Population: 14,000

Classification: Amerind: Penutian: Mexican: Totonacan

Other Sources:

Bower, Bethel and Barbara Erikson. 1967. "Tepehua Sentences," AL 9:9, 25-37.
E

Consonant system:

   p p^ʔ t t^ʔ k k^ʔ q q^ʔ ʔ
    t^s t^sʔ č č^ʔ
    s š h
m n
    l ɬ

Stops: p p^ʔ t t^ʔ k k^ʔ q q^ʔ ʔ

Affricates: t^s t^sʔ č č^ʔ

Fricatives: s š h

Nasals: m n

Laterals: l ɬ

Glides: j w

Vowel system:

i u
(e) (o)
a

Front Vowels: i (e)

Central Vowels: a

Back Vowels: u (o)

Long Vowels: v̄ all

Syntax: SVO

Number: 4856

Language: Proto-Mixe-Zoque

Location: S Mexico

Classification: Amerind: Penutian: Mexican: Mixe-Zoque

Other Sources:

Wonderly, William L. 1949. "Some Zoquean Phonemic and Morphophonemic Correpondences," IJAL 15, 1-11.
Kaufman, Terrence. 1980. "Pre-Colombian Borrowing involving Huastec," in American Indian and Indoeuropean Studies, ed. by Kathryn Klar, Margaret Langdon & Shirley Silver, The Hague, Mouton, 101-12.

Consonant system:

   p t k ʔ
    t^s
    s h
m n

Stops: p t k ʔ

Affricates: t^s

Fricatives: s h

Nasals: m n

Glides: j w

Vowel system:

i u
e ǝ o
a

Front Vowels: i e

Central Vowels: ǝ a

Back Vowels: u o

Long Vowels: v̄

Number: 4857

Language: Mixe

Location: S Mexico (Oaxaca)

Population: 35,000

Classification: Amerind: Penutian: Mexican: Mixe-Zoque

Grammar: Van Haitsma, Julia Dieterman and Willard Van Haitsma. 1976. A Hierarchical Sketch of Mixe. SIL 44.

Consonant system:

    p t k ʔ
(b) (d) (ɡ)
    t^s
    (d^z)
(f) (s) š h
    (z) (ž)
m n ŋ
    (l)
    (ɾ) (r)

Stops: p (b) t (d) k (ɡ) ʔ

Affricates: t^s (d^z)

Fricatives: (f) (s) (z) š (ž) h

Nasals: m n ŋ

Laterals: (l)

Vibrants: (ɾ) (r)

Modified Consonants: c^j all

Glides: j w

Vowel system:

I ɨ u
ɛ o
a

Front Vowels: I ɛ

Central Vowels: ɨ a

Back Vowels: u o

Long Vowels: v̄ short mid lonɡ v̰ checked interrupted aspriated "There are six contrastive syllable nuclei which distinguish three degrees of length (short mid long) and three kinds of glottalization (checked, interrupted, aspriated)." p.9

Syllable: (C)(C)CV(C)(C)(C)

Noun Number: s p

Demonstratives: 2

Articles: def indef

Pronouns:

1 4ie
2 5
3 6

Syntax: SOV/SVO AN GN DN NUM-N POSS-N

Prep/Post: PREP/POST

Number: 4858

Language: Mixe

Dialect: Tlahuitoltepec

Location: S Mexico (NE Oaxaca)

Population: 35,000

Classification: Amerind: Penutian: Mexican: Mixe-Zoque

Other Sources:

Lyon, Shirley. 1967. "Tlahuitoltepec Mixe Clause Structure," IJAL 33, 25-33.
Lyon, Don D. 1967. "Tlahuitoltepec Mixe Verb Syntagmemes," IJAL 33, 34-45.
E

Consonant system:

   p t k ʔ
    t^s
    s š h
m n
    l

Stops: p t k ʔ

Affricates: t^s

Fricatives: s š h

Nasals: m n

Laterals: l

Glides: j w

Vowel system:

    i u
e ǝ o
    ɔ
    a

Front Vowels: i e

Central Vowels: ǝ a

Back Vowels: u o ɔ

Long Vowels: v̄ all

Stress: phonemic

Syntax: SOV/VOS POSS-N

Number: 4859

Language: Mixe

Dialect: Totontepec

Location: S Mexico (Oaxaca)

Population: 35,000

Classification: Amerind: Penutian: Mexican: Mixe-Zoque

Grammar: Crawford, John Chapman. 1963. Totontepec Mixe Phonotagmemics. SIL 8.

Consonant system:

   p t̪ k ʔ
    d̪ ɡ
    t^s
v s ṣ̌ h
    ẓ̌
m n
    (l)
    (r)

Stops: p t̪ d̪ k ɡ ʔ

Affricates: t^s

Fricatives: v s ṣ̌ ẓ̌ h

Nasals: m n

Laterals: (l)

Vibrants: (r)

Glides: j

Vowel system:

i ɨ u
e ǝ ʋ
ɔ
æ a

Front Vowels: i e æ

Central Vowels: ɨ ǝ a

Back Vowels: u ʋ ɔ

Long Vowels: v̄ all

Syllable: CV(C)(C)(C)(C)(C)(C)

Stress: root initial

Articles: def

Syntax: SOV GN POSS-N

Number: 4860

Language: Oluta

Location: S Mexico (S Vera Cruz)

Classification: Amerind: Penutian: Mexican: Mixe-Zoque

Consonant system: