A global linguistic database : Query result

Number: 4861

Language: Sayula

Location: SE Mexico (Veracruz)

Population: 4,000

Classification: Amerind: Penutian: Mexican: Mixe-Zoque

Other Sources:

Clark, Lawrence E. 1959. "Phonemes Classes in Sayula Popoluca," Studies in Linguistics 14, 25-33.
Clark, Lawrence. 1961. Sayula Popoluca Texts. SIL 6.
Clark, Lawrence. 1962. "Sayula Popoluca Morpho-Syntax," IJAL 28, 183-99.

Consonant system:

   p t k ʔ
b d ɡ
    t^s č
    s š h
m n
    l
    ɾ r

Stops: p b t d k ɡ ʔ

Affricates: t^s č

Fricatives: s š h

Nasals: m n

Laterals: l

Vibrants: ɾ r

Glides: j w

Vowel system:

i ɨ u
e o
a

Front Vowels: i e

Central Vowels: ɨ a

Back Vowels: u o

Long Vowels: v̄ all

Stress: phonemic

Noun Number: s p

Articles: def indef

Pronouns:

1 4
2 5
3 6

Syntax: SVO AN/NA GN DN NUM-N POSS-N D+Num+N

Prep/Post: PREP

Number: 4862

Language: Sierra Popoluca

Location: Mexico (S Vera Cruz)

Population: 11,000

Classification: Amerind: Penutian: Mexican: Mixe-Zoque

Other Sources:

Elson, Ben. 1947. "Sierra Popoluca Syllable Structure," IJAL 13, 13-17.
Elson, Ben. 1948. "Sierra Popoluca Personal Names," IJAL 14, 191-3.
Elson, Ben. 1960. "Sierra Popoluca Morphology," IJAL 26, 206-223.
Lind, John O. 1964. "Clause and Sentence Level Syntagmemes in Sierra Popoluca," IJAL 30, 341-54.
WPF

Consonant system:

   p t c k ʔ
b d ɟ ɡ
    t^s č
    s š h
m n ñ ŋ

Stops: p b t d c ɟ k ɡ ʔ

Affricates: t^s č

Fricatives: s š h

Nasals: m n ñ ŋ

Glides: j w

Vowel system:

i ɯ u
ɛ o
a

Front Vowels: i ɛ

Central Vowels: a

Back Vowels: u ɯ o

Long Vowels: v̄ all

Syllable: (C)CV(C)(C)

Noun Number: s p

Articles: def

Pronouns:

1 4ie
2 5
3 6

Syntax: VSO(SVO) AN GN/NG DN NUM-N POSS-N

Number: 4863

Language: Texixtepec

Location: Mexico (Vera Cruz)

Classification: Amerind: Penutian: Mexican: Mixe-Zoque

Consonant system:

Number: 4864

Language: Zoque

Dialect: Chimalapa

Location: S Mexico (Oaxaca)

Classification: Amerind: Penutian: Mexican: Mixe-Zoque

Other Sources: WALS

Syntax: SVO

Number: 4865

Language: Zoque

Dialect: Soteapan

Location: S Mexico (Vera Cruz)

Classification: Amerind: Penutian: Mexican: Mixe-Zoque

Other Sources: WALS

Syntax: SVO

Number: 4866

Language: Zoque

Dialect: Copainalá

Location: S Mexico (N Chiapas)

Population: 20,000

Classification: Amerind: Penutian: Mexican: Mixe-Zoque

Other Sources:

Wonderly, William L. 1946. "Phonemic Acculturation in Zoque," IJAL 12, 92-5.
Wonderly, William L. 1951-52. "Zoque I-VI," IJAL 17, 1-9, 105-23,137-62, 235-51; 18, 35-48,189-202.
WALS

Consonant system:

   p t c k ʔ
(b) (d) (ɟ) (ɡ)
    t^s č
    (ɡ̌)
(f) s š h
m n ñ ŋ
    l
    (ɾ) (r)

Stops: p (b) t (d) c (ɟ) k (ɡ) ʔ

Affricates: t^s č (ɡ̌)

Fricatives: (f) s š h

Nasals: m n ñ ŋ

Laterals: l

Vibrants: (ɾ) (r)

Modified Consonants: c̄ t only

Glides: j w

Vowel system:

i ɯ u
ɛ o
a

Front Vowels: i ɛ

Central Vowels: a

Back Vowels: u ɯ o

Modified Vowels: vowel harmony

Syllable: (C)(C)(C)(C)V(C)(C)(C)

Stress: penult

Noun Number: s p

Demonstratives: 2

Articles: def

Pronouns:

1 4
2 5
3 6

Syntax: VSO AN GN DN NUM-N POSS-N

Prep/Post: POST

Number: 4867

Language: Proto-Mayan

Location: S Mexico

Classification: Amerind: Penutian: Mexican: Mayan

Other Sources:

Olson, Ronald D. 1964. "Mayan Affinities with Chipaya of Bolivia I: Correpondences," IJAL 30, 313-24.
Kaufman, Terrence. 1969. "Teco - A New Mayan Language," IJAL 35, 154-74.
CTIL 4, 324.
Englund, Nora C. 1991. "Changes in Basic Word Order in Mayan Languages," IJAL 57: 446-86.

Consonant system:

   p ^ʔb t̪ t̪^ʔt t^ʔk k^ʔ q q^ʔ ʔ
    t^s t^sʔ č č^ʔ
    s š x h
m n ŋ
    l
    r

Stops: p ^ʔb t̪ t̪^ʔt t^ʔk k^ʔ q q^ʔ ʔ

Affricates: t^s t^sʔ č č^ʔ

Fricatives: s š x h

Nasals: m n ŋ

Laterals: l

Vibrants: r

Glides: j w

Vowel system:

i u
e o
a

Front Vowels: i e

Central Vowels: a

Back Vowels: u o

Long Vowels: v̄ all

Syntax: VOS/(VSO)

Number: 4868

Language: Huastec

Location: SE Mexico (Veracruz)

Population: 50,000

Classification: Amerind: Penutian: Mexican: Mayan: Huastecan

Other Sources:

Larsen, Raymond S. and Eunice Victoria Pike. 1949. "Huasteco Intonations and Phonemes," Lg 25, 268-77.
McQuown, Norman A. 1976. "A Huastec Autobiographical Text," NATS 1:1, 3-20.
Englund, Nora C. 1991. "Changes in Basic Word Order in Mayan Languages," IJAL 57: 446-86.
WALS
E

Consonant system:

   p t t^ʔ k k^ʔ kʷ k^ʔʷ ʔ
b (d) (ɡ)
    t^st^sʔ č č^ʔ
(f) θ (s) š h
m n
    l
    (ɾ)

Stops: p b t t^ʔ(d) k k^ʔ (ɡ) kʷ k^ʔʷ ʔ

Affricates: t^s t^sʔ č č^ʔ

Fricatives: (f) θ (s) š h

Nasals: m n

Laterals: l

Vibrants: (ɾ)

Glides: j w

Vowel system:

i u
e o
a

Front Vowels: i e

Central Vowels: a

Back Vowels: u o

Long Vowels: v̄ all

Stress: non-phonemic

Articles: def indef

Syntax: SVO/VSO/VOS DN NUM-N POSS-N [WALS and E give SVO; Englund reports VSO/VOS.]

Prep/Post: PREP

Number: 4869

Language: Chicomuceltec

Location: Mexico

Population: extinct

Classification: Amerind: Penutian: Mexican: Mayan: Huastecan

Consonant system:

Number: 4870

Language: Yucatec

Location: SE Mexico (Yucatan)

Population: 300,000

Classification: Amerind: Penutian: Mexican: Mayan: Yucatecan

Grammar: Tozzer, Alfred M. 1921. A Maya Grammar. Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology, Harvard Univ, vol 9. [Reprinted 1977 by Dover Publications, New York]

Other Sources:

Bowman, Elizabeth. 1959. "An Attempt at an Analysis of Modern Yucatec from a Small Corpus of Recorded Speech," AL 1:4, 43-86.
Straight, H. Stephen. 1976. The Acquisition of Maya Phonology. New York: Garland.

Consonant system:

   p p^ʔ t̪ t̪^ʔ k k^ʔ ʔ
^ʔb (d̪) (ɡ)
    t̪^s t̪^sʔ č č^ʔ
(f) s̪ š (x) h
m n̪
    l̪
    (r)

Stops: p p^ʔ ^ʔb t̪ t̪^ʔ (d̪) k k^ʔ (ɡ) ʔ

Affricates: t̪^s t̪^sʔ č č^ʔ

Fricatives: (f) s̪ š (x) h

Nasals: m n̪

Laterals: l̪

Vibrants: (r)

Glides: j w

Vowel system:

i u
e o
a

Front Vowels: i e

Central Vowels: a

Back Vowels: u o

Long Vowels: v̄ all

Tones: hi lo fall

Noun Number: s p

Demonstratives: 3

Articles: def

Pronouns:

1 4d(ie) 4(ie)
2 5
3 6
inclusive/exclusive only in possessive pronouns

Syntax: SVO/VOS AN NG DN/ND NUM-N POSS-N D+A+N

Noun Incorporation: noun incorp

Prep/Post: PREP

Number: 4871

Language: Itza

Location: N Guatemala

Classification: Amerind: Penutian: Mexican: Mayan: Yucatecan

Other Sources: Englund, Nora C. 1991. "Changes in Basic Word Order in Mayan Languages," IJAL 57: 446-86.

Consonant system:

Pronouns:

1 4
2 5
3 6

Syntax: VOS

Number: 4872

Language: Lacandon

Location: N Guatemala

Classification: Amerind: Penutian: Mexican: Mayan: Yucatecan

Other Sources:

Englund, Nora C. 1991. "Changes in Basic Word Order in Mayan Languages," IJAL 57: 446-86.
E
WPF

Consonant system:

Pronouns:

1 4di 4ie
2 5
3 6

Syntax: SVO/VOS [Englund gives VOS; E gives SVO.]

Number: 4873

Language: Mopan

Alternate Name: Maya

Location: N Guatemala

Population: 300,000

Classification: Amerind: Penutian: Mexican: Mayan: Yucatecan

Grammar: Ulrich, Matthew and Rosemary Ulrich. 1966. "Mopan Maya," in LG, 251-71.

Consonant system:

    p p^ʔ t t^ʔ k k^ʔ ʔ
^ʔb d
    t^s t^sʔ č č^ʔ
    s š h
m n ŋ
    l
    r

Stops: p p^ʔ ^ʔb t t^ʔ d k k^ʔ ʔ

Affricates: t^s t^sʔ č č^ʔ

Fricatives: s š h

Nasals: m n ŋ

Laterals: l

Vibrants: r

Glides: j w

Vowel system:

i ɨ u
e o
a

Front Vowels: i e

Central Vowels: ɨ a

Back Vowels: u o

Long Vowels: v̄ all but ɨ

Stress: final

Articles: def

Pronouns:

1 4
2 5
3 6

Syntax: VOS AN NG DN/ND NUM-N POSS-N

Prep/Post: PREP

Number: 4874

Language: Chol

Dialect: Tumbalá

Location: S Mexico (Chiapas)

Population: 33,000

Classification: Amerind: Penutian: Mexican: Mayan: Greater Tzeltalan

Other Sources:

Aulie, Wilbur. 1957. "High-Layered Numerals in Chol (Mayan)," IJAL 23, 281-3.
Whittaker, Arabelle and Viola Warkentin. 1965. Chol Texts on the Supernatural. SIL 13.
Warkentin, Viola and Arabelle Whittaker. 1970. "Tumbala Chol Clause Structure," Linguistics 60, 74-110.
Warkentin, Viola M. and Ruth M. Brend. 1974. "Chol Phonology," Linguistics 132, 87-101.
E
WPF

Consonant system:

    p p^ʔ (t) t^j t^ʔ k k^ʔ ʔ
^mb
    t^s t^sʔ č č^ʔ
    s š h
m n
    l
    ɾ

Stops: p p^ʔ ^mb (t) t^j t^ʔ k k^ʔ ʔ

Affricates: t^s t^sʔ č č^ʔ

Fricatives: s š h

Nasals: m n

Laterals: l

Vibrants: ɾ

Glides: j w

Vowel system:

i u
ɛ ǝ o
a

Front Vowels: i ɛ

Central Vowels: ǝ a

Back Vowels: u o

Syllable: (C)(C)V(C)(C)

Articles: def indef

Pronouns:

1 4ie
2 5
3 6

Syntax: SVO/VOS AN NG DN NUM-N POSS-N

Prep/Post: PREP

Number: 4875

Language: Chontal

Location: S Mexico (E Tabasco)

Population: 15,000

Classification: Amerind: Penutian: Mexican: Mayan: Greater Tzeltalan

Other Sources:

Keller, Kathryn. 1955. "The Chontal (Mayan) Numeral System," IJAL 21, 258-75.
Keller, Kathryn. C. 1959. "The Phonemes of Chontal (Mayan)," IJAL 25, 44-53.
WALS

Consonant system:

   p p^ʔ t̪ t̪^ʔ k k^ʔ ʔ
b (d̪) (g)
    t^s t^sʔ č č^ʔ
(f) s š h
m n
    l
    ɾ (r)

Stops: p p^ʔ b t̪ t̪^ʔ (d̪) k k^ʔ (ɡ) ʔ

Affricates: t^s t^sʔ č č^ʔ

Fricatives: (f) s š h

Nasals: m n

Laterals: l

Vibrants: ɾ (r)

Glides: j w

Vowel system:

i ɨ u
e o
a

Front Vowels: i e

Central Vowels: ɨ a

Back Vowels: u o

Syllable: (C)CV(C)

Stress: phonemic

Syntax: SVO/VSO AN NUM-N Num+A+N [WALS gives SVO; E gives VSO.]

Prep/Post: PREP

Number: 4876

Language: Cholti

Location: NE Guatemala

Classification: Amerind: Penutian: Mexican: Mayan: Greater Tzeltalan

Consonant system:

Number: 4877

Language: Chorti

Location: SE Guatemala (Chiquimula)

Population: 33,000

Classification: Amerind: Penutian: Mexican: Mayan: Greater Tzeltalan

Grammar: Oakley, Helen. 1966. "Chorti," in LG, 235-50.

Other Sources:

Fought, John G. 1972. Chorti (Mayan) Texts 1. Philadelphia: Univ of Pennsylvania Press.
Englund, Nora C. 1991. "Changes in Basic Word Order in Mayan Languages," IJAL 57: 446-86.
WPF

Consonant system:

    p p^ʔ t t^ʔ k k^ʔ ʔ
^ʔb
    t^s t^sʔ č č^ʔ
    s š x
m n
    l
    r

Stops: p p^ʔ ^ʔb t t^ʔ k k^ʔ ʔ

Affricates: t^s t^sʔ č č^ʔ

Fricatives: s š x

Nasals: m n

Laterals: l

Vibrants: r

Glides: j w

Vowel system:

i u
e o
a

Front Vowels: i e

Central Vowels: a

Back Vowels: u o

Stress: final

Noun Number: s p

Articles: def

Pronouns:

1 4
2 5
3 6

Syntax: SVO AN NG NUM-N POSS-N

Prep/Post: PREP

Number: 4878

Language: Tzeltal

Location: S Mexico (Chiapas)

Population: 100,000

Classification: Amerind: Penutian: Mexican: Mayan: Greater Tzeltalan

Dictionary: Slocum, Marianna C. and Florencia L. Gerdel. 1965. Vocabulario tzeltal de Bachajon. Mexico City: SIL.

Grammar:

Kaufman, Terrence. 1971. Tzeltal Phonology and Morphology. UCPL 61.

Other Sources:

Slocum, Marianna C. 1948. "Tzeltal (Mayan) Noun and Verb Morphology," IJAL 14, 77-86.
Berlin, Brent. 1963. "Some Semantic Features of Reduplication in Tzeltal," IJAL 29, 211-8.
Englund, Nora C. 1991. "Changes in Basic Word Order in Mayan Languages," IJAL 57: 446-86.
E
WPF

Consonant system:

   p p^ʔ t̪ t̪^ʔ k k^ʔ ʔ
(b) ^ʔb (d̪) (ɡ)
    t̪^s t̪^sʔ č č^ʔ
(f) s̪ š h
m n̪
    l̪
    ɾ (r)

Stops: p p^ʔ (b) ^ʔb t̪ t̪^ʔ (d̪) k k^ʔ (ɡ) ʔ

Affricates: t̪^s t̪^sʔ č č^ʔ

Fricatives: (f) s̪ š h

Nasals: m n̪

Laterals: l̪

Vibrants: ɾ (r)

Glides: j w

Vowel system:

i u
e o
a

Front Vowels: i e

Central Vowels: a

Back Vowels: u o

Stress: phonemic

Noun Number: s p

Pronouns:

1 4
2 5
3 6

Syntax: VSO/VOS AN NG DN NUM-N POSS-N(1,2,3)/(N-POSS (for 4,5,6: {1,2,3} + N + pl)

Prep/Post: PREP

Number: 4879

Language: Tzotzil

Location: S Mexico (Chiapas)

Population: 65,000

Classification: Amerind: Penutian: Mexican: Mayan: Greater Tzeltalan

Grammar:

Schuller, Rudolf. 1925. "La Lengua ts'ots'il," IJAL 3, 193-218.

Other Sources:

Weathers, Nadine. 1947. "Tsotsil Phonemes with Special Reference to Allophones of B," IJAL 13, 108-11.
Weathers, Nadine. 1950. "Morphological Analysis of a Tzotzil (Mayan) Text," IJAL 16, 91-8.
Delgaty, Colin C. 1960. "Tzotzil Verb Phrase Structure," in MSI, 9-79.
Hopkins, Nicholas A. 1967. "A Short Sketch of Chalchihuitán Tzotzil," AL 9:4, 9-25.
WALS

Consonant system:

   p p^ʔ t̪ t^ʔ k k^ʔ ʔ
ɓ
    t^s t^sʔ č č^ʔ
v s š h
m n̪
    l̪
    (ɾ)

Stops: p p^ʔ ɓ t̪ t^ʔ k k^ʔ ʔ

Affricates: t^s t^sʔ č č^ʔ

Fricatives: v s š h

Nasals: m n̪

Laterals: l̪

Vibrants: (ɾ)

Glides: j

Vowel system:

i u
ɛ ɔ
a

Front Vowels: i ɛ

Central Vowels: a

Back Vowels: u ɔ

Syllable: (C)(C)(C)V(C)(C)

Tones: hi lo

Stress: final

Noun Number: s p

Demonstratives: 3

Pronouns:

1 4(ie)
2 5
*3 *6
inclus/exclus only in verb suffixes

Syntax: VOS/SVO AN NG NUM-N POSS-N(1,2,3)/N-POSS(for 4,5,6: {123} + N + pl)

Prep/Post: PREP

Number: 4880

Language: Tojolabal

Location: S Mexico (Chiapas)

Population: 15,000

Classification: Amerind: Penutian: Mexican: Mayan: Greater Kanjobalan

Grammar: Furbee-Losee, Louanna. 1976. The Correct Language: Tojolabal. New York: Garland.

Other Sources: Supple, Julia and Celia M. Douglass. 1949. "Tojolabal (Mayan): Phonemes and Verb Morphology," IJAL 15, 168-74.

Consonant system:

   p t t^ʔ k k^ʔ ʔ
(b) ɓ (d) (ɡ)
    t^s t^sʔ č č^ʔ
    s š h
m n
    l
    ɾ

Stops: p (b) ɓ t t^ʔ (d) k k^ʔ (ɡ) ʔ

Affricates: t^s t^sʔ č č^ʔ

Fricatives: s š h

Nasals: m n

Laterals: l

Vibrants: ɾ

Glides: j w

Front Vowels: i ɛ

Central Vowels: a

Back Vowels: u ɔ

Long Vowels: v̄ all

Syllable: (C)(C)CV(C)

Stress: final

Noun Number: s (p)

Demonstratives: 2

Articles: def

Pronouns:

1 4ie
2 5
3 6

Syntax: VOS ND NUM-N POSS-N

Ergative: ERG

Prep/Post: PREP