A global linguistic database : Query result

Number: 4881

Language: Chuj

Dialect: San Sebastian, San Mateo

Location: NW Guatemala

Population: 14,000

Classification: Amerind: Penutian: Mexican: Mayan: Greater Kanjobalan

Grammar: Williams, Kenneth and Barbara Williams. 1966. "Chuj," in LG, 219-34.

Other Sources: WPF

Consonant system:

   p t t^ʔk k^ʔ q ʔ
^ʔb
    t^s t^sʔ č č^ʔ
    s š x
m n ŋ
    l
    r

Stops: p ^ʔb t t^ʔk k^ʔ q ʔ

Affricates: t^s t^sʔ č č^ʔ

Fricatives: s š x

Nasals: m n ŋ

Laterals: l

Vibrants: r

Glides: j w

Vowel system:

i u
e o
a

Front Vowels: i e

Central Vowels: a

Back Vowels: u o

Long Vowels: ā

Stress: final

Articles: def

Pronouns:

1 4ie
2 5
3 6

Syntax: VSO/VOS NA NG ND NUM-N POSS-N N+A+D [The San Sebastian dialect is VSO; the San Mateo dialect is VSO/VOS.]

Prep/Post: PREP

Number: 4882

Language: Mocho

Location: S Mexico (S Chiapas)

Classification: Amerind: Penutian: Mexican: Mayan: Greater Kanjobalan

Other Sources: Englund, Nora C. 1991. "Changes in Basic Word Order in Mayan Languages," IJAL 57: 446-86.

Consonant system:

Syntax: VSO/VOS

Number: 4883

Language: Kanjobal

Alternate Name: Q'anjob'al

Location: N Guatemala

Classification: Amerind: Penutian: Mexican: Mayan: Greater Kanjobalan

Other Sources: Englund, Nora C. 1991. "Changes in Basic Word Order in Mayan Languages," IJAL 57: 446-86.

Consonant system:

Syntax: VSO

Number: 4884

Language: Acatec

Alternate Name: Akateko

Location: W Guatemala (Huehuetenango)

Population: 40,000

Classification: Amerind: Penutian: Mexican: Mayan: Greater Kanjobalan

Other Sources:

Dakin, Karen. 1976. "Acateco [Kanjobal] Texts," NATS 1:1, 123-36.
Englund, Nora C. 1991. "Changes in Basic Word Order in Mayan Languages," IJAL 57: 446-86.

Consonant system:

   p t k k^ʔq q^ʔ ʔ
b^ʔ
    t^s t^sʔč̣ č̣^ʔč č^ʔ
    s ṣ̌ š x h
m n
    l
    ɾ

Stops: p b^ʔ tk k^ʔq q^ʔ ʔ

Affricates: t^s t^sʔč̣ č̣^ʔč č^ʔ

Fricatives: s ṣ̌ š x h

Nasals: m n

Laterals: l

Vibrants: ɾ

Glides: j w

Vowel system:

i u
e o
a

Front Vowels: i e

Central Vowels: a

Back Vowels: u o

Stress: final

Demonstratives: 2

Articles: VSO NG ND NUM-N POSS-N

Syntax: VSO/VOS

Prep/Post: PREP

Number: 4885

Language: Jacaltec

Location: NW Guatemala

Population: 12,000

Classification: Amerind: Penutian: Mexican: Mayan: Greater Kanjobalan

Grammar:

Church, Clarence and Kay Church. 1966. "Jacaltec Grammar," in LG, 206-18.
Day, Christopher. 1973. The Jacaltec Language. Bloomington: Indiana Univ.
Craig, Colette Grinevald. 1977. The Structure of Jacaltec. Austin: Univ of Texas Press.

Other Sources:

Church, Clarence and Katherine Church. 1960. "The Jacaltec Noun Phrase," in MSI, 157-70.
Day, Christopher. 1976. "Someone Else's Dog: A Jacaltec Story," NATS 1:1, 98-104.
Craig, Colette Grinevald. 1979. "Jacaltec: Field Work in Guatemala," in LTS, 2-57.

Consonant system:

   p^h t^h t^ʔk^h k^ʔq^ʔ ʔ
^ʔb
    t^sh t^sʔ č̣^h č̣^ʔč^h č^ʔ
ɸ s ṣ̌ š χ h
m n ŋ
    l
    ɾ

Stops: p^h ^ʔb t^h t^ʔk^h k^ʔq^ʔ ʔ

Affricates: t^s^h t^sʔ č̣^h č̣^ʔč^h č^ʔ

Fricatives: ɸ s ṣ̌ š χ h

Nasals: m n ŋ

Laterals: l

Vibrants: ɾ

Glides: j w

Vowel system:

i u
ɛ o
a

Front Vowels: i ɛ

Central Vowels: a

Back Vowels: u o

Stress: final

Noun Number: s p

Demonstratives: 2

Articles: def indef

Pronouns:

1 4ie
2 5
*3 *6

Syntax: VSO NA/(AN) NG ND NUM-N POSS-N/(N-POSS [3]) Num+N+A+D

Ergative: erg

Prep/Post: PREP

Number: 4886

Language: Teco

Alternate Name: Tekiteko

Location: W Guatemala

Population: 5,000

Classification: Amerind: Penutian: Mexican: Mayan: Eastern: Greater Mamean

Other Sources:

Kaufman, Terrence. 1969. "Teco - A New Mayan Language," IJAL 35, 154-74.
Englund, Nora C. 1991. "Changes in Basic Word Order in Mayan Languages," IJAL 57: 446-86.

Consonant system:

    p t (t^ʔ) k k^ʔ q q^ʔʔ
(b) ^ʔb (d)
t^s t^sʔ ṭ^s ṭ^sʔč č^ʔ
(f) s ṣ (š) (x) χ
m n
    l
    (ɾ) (r)

Stops: p (b) ^ʔb t (t^ʔ) (d) k k^ʔ q q^ʔʔ

Affricates: t^s t^sʔ ṭ^s ṭ^sʔč č^ʔ

Fricatives: (f) s ṣ (š) (x) χ

Nasals: m n

Laterals: l

Vibrants: (ɾ) (r)

Glides: j w

Vowel system:

i u
e o
a

Front Vowels: i e

Central Vowels: a

Back Vowels: u o

Long Vowels: v̄ all

Stress: final

Syntax: VSO

Number: 4887

Language: Mam

Location: NW Guatemala (San Macros)

Population: 350,000

Classification: Amerind: Penutian: Mexican: Mayan: Eastern: Greater Mamean

Grammar: Sywulka, Edward. 1966. "Mam Grammar," in LG, 178-95.

Other Sources: England, Nora C. 1976. "Mam Text," NATS 1:1, 88-97.

Consonant system:

   p t t^ʔ k k^ʔ q q^ʔʔ
^ʔb
    t^s t^sʔ č̣ č̣^ʔč č^ʔ
    s ṣ̌ š x
m n
    l
    r

Stops: p ^ʔb t t^ʔ k k^ʔ q q^ʔʔ

Affricates: t^s t^sʔ č̣ č̣^ʔč č^ʔ

Fricatives: s ṣ̌ š x

Nasals: m n

Laterals: l

Vibrants: r

Glides: j w

Vowel system:

i u
e o
a

Front Vowels: i e

Central Vowels: a

Back Vowels: u o

Long Vowels: v̄ all but o

Stress: final

Syntax: VSO AN NG DN NUM-N POSS-N

Prep/Post: PREP

Number: 4888

Language: Aguacatec

Alternate Name: Awakateko

Location: NW Guatemala (Huehuetenango)

Population: 15,000

Classification: Amerind: Penutian: Mexican: Mayan: Eastern: Greater Mamean

Grammar:

McArthur, Harry and Lucille McArthur. 1966. "Aguacatec," in LG, 140-65.

Other Sources:

McArthur, Harry and Lucile McArthur. 1956. "Aguacatec (Mayan) Phonemes within the Stress Group," IJAL 22, 72-6.
McArthur, Harry S. 1979. "The Role of Aspect in Distinguishing Aguacatec Discourse Types," in DSML, 97-121.
McArthur, Lucille E. 1979. "Highlighting in Aguacatec Discourse," in DSML, 219-44.
WPF

Consonant system:

   p t t^ʔ k k^ʔ q q^ʔ ʔ
ɓ
    t^s t^sʔ č̣ č̣^ʔ č č^ʔ
    s ṣ̌ š h
m n
    l
    (ɾ)

Stops: p ɓ t t^ʔ k k^ʔ q q^ʔ ʔ

Affricates: t^s t^sʔ č̣ č̣^ʔ č č^ʔ

Fricatives: s ṣ̌ š h

Nasals: m n

Laterals: l

Vibrants: (ɾ)

Glides: j w

Vowel system:

I ʋ
ɛ ǝ o

Front Vowels: I ɛ

Central Vowels: ǝ

Back Vowels: ʋ o

Long Vowels: ī ē ā ū ō

Syllable: (C)(C)(C)(C)V(C)(C)(C)

Stress: final

Articles: def

Pronouns:

1 4
2 5
3 6
polite/familiar: 2

Syntax: VSO AN/NA NG DN/ND NUM-N POSS-N

Prep/Post: PREP

Number: 4889

Language: Ixil

Dialect: Nebaj, Chajul, Cotzal

Location: NW Guatemala (Quichй)

Population: 25,000

Classification: Amerind: Penutian: Mexican: Mayan: Eastern: Greater Mamean

Grammar: Elliot, Raymond and Helen Elliot. 1966. "Ixil," in LG, 125-39.

Other Sources:

Elliott, Ray. 1960. "Ixil (Mayan) Clause Structure," in MSI, 129-54.
Englund, Nora C. 1991. "Changes in Basic Word Order in Mayan Languages," IJAL 57: 446-86.

Consonant system:

   p^h t̪^h t̪^ʔ k^h k^ʔ q^h q^ʔ ʔ
ɓ
    t^s t^sʔ č̣ č̣^ʔ č č^ʔ
    s ṣ̌ š x
m n
    l
    ɾ

Stops: p^h ɓ t̪^h t̪^ʔ k^h k^ʔ q^h q^ʔ ʔ

Affricates: t^s t^sʔ č̣ č̣^ʔ č č^ʔ

Fricatives: s ṣ̌ š x

Nasals: m n

Laterals: l

Vibrants: ɾ

Glides: j w

Front Vowels: i e

Central Vowels: a

Back Vowels: u o

Stress: final

Articles: def

Syntax: VSO/VOS AN NG ND NUM-N POSS-N [VSO in the Nebaj and Chajul dialects; VOS in the Cotzal dialect]

Prep/Post: PREP

Number: 4890

Language: Uspantec

Location: C Guatemala

Population: 3,000

Classification: Amerind: Penutian: Mexican: Mayan: Eastern: Greater Quichean

Consonant system:

Stress: final

Articles: indef

Syntax: SVO/VOS AN/NA NG NUM-N POSS-N

Prep/Post: PREP

Number: 4891

Language: Kekchi

Location: N Guatemala

Population: 250,000

Classification: Amerind: Penutian: Mexican: Mayan: Eastern: Greater Quichean

Dictionary:

Rosales Ponce, Emilio. 1965. Vocabulario espanol-qquecchi. Cobán, Alta Verapaz: El Norte.

Grammar:

Haeserijn V., Esteban. 1966. Ensayo de la Gramatica del k'ekchi'. Purulha, B.V.: Imprenta Suquinay.
Eachus, Francis and Ruth Carlson. 1966. "Kekchi," in LG, 110-24.

Other Sources:

Freeze, Ray. 1976. "K'ekchi' Texts," NATS 1:1, 21-31.
E

Consonant system:

    p t t^ʔk k^ʔ q q^ʔʔ
^ʔb
    t^s t^sʔ č č^ʔ
    s š x h
m n
    l
    r

Stops: p ^ʔb t t^ʔk k^ʔ q q^ʔʔ

Affricates: t^s t^sʔ č č^ʔ

Fricatives: s š x h

Nasals: m n

Laterals: l

Vibrants: r

Glides: j w

Vowel system:

i u
e o
a

Front Vowels: i e

Central Vowels: a

Back Vowels: u o

Long Vowels: v̄ all

Stress: final

Noun Number: s p

Demonstratives: 2

Articles: def

Pronouns:

1 4
2 5
3 6

Syntax: SVO/VSO AN/NA NG ND/DN NUM-N POSS-N D+A+N

Prep/Post: PREP

Number: 4892

Language: Quiche

Alternate Name: K'iche'

Location: Guatemala (Quichй)

Population: 315,000

Classification: Amerind: Penutian: Mexican: Mayan: Eastern: Greater Quichean

Dictionary:

Edmonson, Munro S. 1965. Quiche-English Dictionary. New Orleans: Middle American Research Institute, Tulane Univ.
Teletor, Celso Narciso. 1959. Diccionario castellano-quiche y voces Castellano-Pocomam. Guatemala City.

Grammar: Fox, David. 1966. "Quiche Grammatical Sketch," in LG, 60-86.

TextBooks: Fox, David G. 1965. Lecciones elementales en quiché. Guatemala City: Ministerio de Educación.

Other Sources: Englund, Nora C. 1991. "Changes in Basic Word Order in Mayan Languages," IJAL 57: 446-86.

Consonant system:

   p t t^ʔ k k^ʔ q q^ʔ ʔ
^ʔb
    t^s t^sʔ č č^ʔ
    s š x
m n
    l
    r

Stops: p ^ʔb t t^ʔ k k^ʔ q q^ʔ ʔ

Affricates: t^s t^sʔ č č^ʔ

Fricatives: s š x

Nasals: m n

Laterals: l

Vibrants: r

Glides: j w

Vowel system:

i u
e ǝ o
a

Front Vowels: i e

Central Vowels: ǝ a

Back Vowels: u o

Stress: final

Noun Number: s p

Articles: def

Pronouns:

1 4
2 5
3 6

Syntax: SVO/VSO/VOS AN NG DN NUM-N POSS-N [E gives SVO; Englund gives VSO/VOS.]

Prep/Post: PREP

Comments: Most numerous Indian language in Guatemala.

Number: 4893

Language: Achi

Location: Guatemala

Population: 25,000

Classification: Amerind: Penutian: Mexican: Mayan: Eastern: Greater Quichean

Grammar: Shaw, Mary and Helen Neuenswander. 1966. "Achi," in LG, 15-48

Other Sources: E

Consonant system:

   p t t^ʔ k k^ʔ q ʔ
^ʔb
    t^s t^sʔ č č^ʔ
    s š x
m n
    l
    r

Stops: p ^ʔb t t^ʔ k k^ʔ q ʔ

Affricates: t^s t^sʔ č č^ʔ

Fricatives: s š x

Nasals: m n

Laterals: l

Vibrants: r

Glides: j w

Vowel system:

i u
e o
a

Front Vowels: i e

Central Vowels: a

Back Vowels: u o

Stress: final

Noun Number: s p

Demonstratives: 2

Articles: def indef

Pronouns:

1 4
2 5
3 6

Syntax: VSO/SVO AN/NA NG ND NUM-N POSS-N Num+A+N

Prep/Post: PREP

Number: 4894

Language: Sacapultec

Location: S Guatemala (Quichй)

Classification: Amerind: Penutian: Mexican: Mayan: Eastern: Greater Quichean

Consonant system:

Number: 4895

Language: Sipacapa

Location: S Guatemala (San Marcos)

Classification: Amerind: Penutian: Mexican: Mayan: Eastern: Greater Quichean

Consonant system:

Number: 4896

Language: Tzutujil

Location: Guatemala

Population: 50,000

Classification: Amerind: Penutian: Mexican: Mayan: Eastern: Greater Quichean

Other Sources:

Carlin, Ramon A. 1970. "Tzutujil (Mayan) Clause Nuclei," AL 12, 103-11.
Butler, James H. and Ilah Fleming. 1976. "Tzutujil Texts," NATS 1:1, 61-71.
Englund, Nora C. 1991. "Changes in Basic Word Order in Mayan Languages," IJAL 57: 446-86.

Consonant system:

   p t t^ʔ k k^ʔ q q^ʔ ʔ
ɓ ɗ
    t^s t^sʔ č č^ʔ
    s š h
m n
    l
    r

Stops: p ɓ t t^ʔ ɗ k k^ʔ q q^ʔ ʔ

Affricates: t^s t^sʔ č č^ʔ

Fricatives: s š h

Nasals: m n

Laterals: l

Vibrants: r

Glides: j w

Vowel system:

I ʋ
ɛ ɐ ɔ

Front Vowels: I ɛ

Central Vowels: ɐ

Back Vowels: ʋ ɔ

Long Vowels: ī ē ā ū ō

Stress: final

Noun Number: s p

Articles: def indef

Syntax: VSO/VOS AN/NA NG DN NUM-N POSS-N [According to Englund the San Juan and Santiago dialects are VOS; the San Pedro dialect is VSO/VOS. According to E the Western dialect is SVO.]

Prep/Post: PREP

Number: 4897

Language: Cakchiquel

Alternate Name: Kaqchikel

Location: Guatemala (Chimaltenango)

Population: 300,000

Classification: Amerind: Penutian: Mexican: Mayan: Eastern: Greater Quichean

Grammar: Townsend, W. Cameron. 1960. "Cakchiquel Grammar," in MSI, 9-79.

Other Sources:

Grimes, James L. 1968. "The Linguistic Unity of Cakchiquel-Tzutujil," IJAL 34, 104-14.
Englund, Nora C. 1991. "Changes in Basic Word Order in Mayan Languages," IJAL 57: 446-86.
WALS

Consonant system:

   p t (t^ʔ) k k^ʔ q q^ʔʔ
ɓ (d) (ɡ)
    t^s t^sʔ č č^ʔ
(f) s š h
m n
    l
    r

Stops: p ɓ t (t^ʔ) (d) k k^ʔ (ɡ) q q^ʔʔ

Affricates: t^s t^sʔ č č^ʔ

Fricatives: (f) s š h

Nasals: m n

Laterals: l

Vibrants: r

Glides: j w

Vowel system:

i u
e o
a

Front Vowels: i e

Central Vowels: a

Back Vowels: u o

Stress: final

Noun Number: s p

Demonstratives: 2

Articles: def

Pronouns:

1 4
2 5
3 6

Syntax: SVO/VSO/VOS AN/(NA) D-N-D(DN/ND) NUM-N POSS-N [E gives SVO for all dialects; WALS gives VOS; Englund gives VSO/VOS.]

Prep/Post: PREP

Number: 4898

Language: Pocomam

Location: EL Salvador

Population: 25,000

Classification: Amerind: Penutian: Mexican: Mayan: Eastern: Greater Quichean

Other Sources: Smith-Stark, Thomas C. 1976. "Jilotepequeño Pocomam Texts," NATS 1:1, 72-87.

Consonant system:

   p t k k^ʔ q q^ʔ ʔ
    č č^ʔ
    s š x h
m m^ʔn
    l
    ɾ

Stops: p t k k^ʔ q q^ʔ ʔ

Affricates: č č^ʔ

Fricatives: s š x h

Nasals: m m^ʔn

Laterals: l

Vibrants: ɾ

Glides: j w w^ʔ

Vowel system:

i u
e o
a

Front Vowels: i e

Central Vowels: a

Back Vowels: u o

Long Vowels: v̄

Stress: final

Articles: def

Syntax: SVO AN/NA NG ND NUM-N POSS-N

Prep/Post: PREP

Number: 4899

Language: Pocomchi

Location: N Guatemala

Population: 37,000

Classification: Amerind: Penutian: Mexican: Mayan: Eastern: Greater Quichean

Grammar: Mayers, Marvin K. and Marilyn A. Mayers. 1966. "Pocomchi," in LG, 87-109.

Other Sources:

Mayers, Marvin. 1957. "Pocomchi Verb Structure," IJAL 23, 165-70.
Mayers, Marvin. 1958. Pocomchı́ Texts. SIL 2.
Mayers, Marvin K. 1960. "The Phonemes of Pocomchi," AL 2:9, 1-39.

Consonant system:

   p t t^ʔ k k^ʔ q q^ʔ ʔ
^ʔb
    t^st^sʔ č č^ʔ
    s š x h
m n
    l
    ɾ

Stops: p ^ʔb t t^ʔ k k^ʔ q q^ʔ ʔ

Affricates: t^s t^sʔ č č^ʔ

Fricatives: s š x h

Nasals: m n

Laterals: l

Vibrants: ɾ

Glides: j w

Vowel system:

i u
e o
a

Front Vowels: i e

Central Vowels: a

Back Vowels: u o

Long Vowels: v̄ all

Syllable: (C)CV(C)(C), but no CCVCC

Stress: final

Noun Number: s p

Demonstratives: 2

Articles: def indef

Pronouns:

1 4
2 5
3 6

Syntax: VOS AN NG ND NUM-N POSS-N

Prep/Post: PREP

Number: 4900

Language: Karok

Location: NW California

Population: 100

Classification: Amerind: Hokan: Northern

Grammar:

Bright, William. 1957. The Karok Language. UCPL 13.

Other Sources:

Harrington, J. P. 1931. "Karuk Texts," IJAL 6,121-61.
Augulo, Jaime de and L. S. Freeland. 1931. "Karuk Texts," IJAL 6,194-226.
Jacobsen, William H. Jr. 1958. "Washo and Karok: An Approach to Comparative Hokan," IJAL 24,195-212.

Consonant system:

   p t k ʔ
    č
f θ s (š) x h
β
m n
    ɾ

Stops: p t k ʔ

Affricates: č

Fricatives: β f θ s (š) x h

Nasals: m n

Vibrants: ɾ

Modified Consonants: c̄ p t k č f θ s š x m n

Glides: j

Vowel system:

i ʋ
a

Front Vowels: i

Central Vowels: a

Back Vowels: ʋ

Long Vowels: ī ē ā ʋ̄ ō

Nasal Vowels: (ı̃) (ã)

Syllable: (C)V(C)

Noun Number: p only for personal nouns

Demonstratives: 1

Articles: def

Pronouns:

1 4
2 5
3 6
These are verbal prefixes.

Syntax: SOV/SVO NA GN DN NUM-N POSS-N

Prep/Post: POST