A global linguistic database : Query result

Number: 4921

Language: Diegueño

Dialect: Northern

Location: S California

Population: 185

Classification: Amerind: Hokan: Seri-Yuman: Yuman: Delta-California

Dictionary: Couro, Ted And Christina Hutcheson. 1973. Dictionary of Mesa Grande Diegueño. Banning, CA: Malki Museum Press.

Grammar: Langdon, Margaret. 1970. A Grammar of Diegueño. UCPL 66.

TextBooks: Couro, Ted and Margaret Langdon. 1975. Let's Talk 'Iipay Aa. Banning, CA: Malki Museum Press.

Other Sources: Gorbet, Larry Paul. 1976. A Grammar of Diegueño Nominals. New York: Garland.

Consonant system:

   p t̪ t k kʷ (q) ʔ
    č
    s̪ s x xʷ
β
m n̪ n ñ
    l ɬ ʎ ʎ̥
    (r) ɹ̣

Stops: p t̪ t k kʷ (q) ʔ

Affricates: č

Fricatives: β s̪ s x xʷ

Nasals: m n̪ n ñ

Laterals: l ɬ ʎ ʎ̥

Vibrants: (r) ɹ̣

Glides: j w

Vowel system:

   I ʋ
   ǝ (ɔ)
   a

Front Vowels: I

Central Vowels: ǝ a

Back Vowels: ʋ (ɔ)

Long Vowels: ē ā ō (ɔ̄)

Diphthongs: diphthonɡs

Syllable: (C)(C)V(C)

Stress: final

Demonstratives: 3

Articles: def

Pronouns:

1 4
2 5
*3 *6

Syntax: SOV NA GN ND N-NUM POSS-N N+A+Num+D

Prep/Post: POST

Number: 4922

Language: Diegueño

Alternate Name: Kumiai

Dialect: Southern

Location: NW Mexico (N Baja California)

Population: 185

Classification: Amerind: Hokan: Seri-Yuman: Yuman: Delta-California

Other Sources: Wares, Alan Cambell. 1968. A Comparative Study of Yuman Consonantism. The Hague: Mouton.

Consonant system:

   p t ṭ k kʷ ʔ
    č
    s š x xʷ
m n ñ
    l ɬ ʎ
    ɾ

Stops: p t ṭ k kʷ ʔ

Affricates: č

Fricatives: s š x xʷ

Nasals: m n ñ

Laterals: l ɬ ʎ

Vibrants: ɾ

Glides: j w

Vowel system:

i u
e o
a

Front Vowels: i e

Central Vowels: a

Back Vowels: u o

Long Vowels: v̄ all

Stress: stem final

Syntax: SOV

Number: 4923

Language: Mohave

Location: NW Arizona

Population: 2,800

Classification: Amerind: Hokan: Seri-Yuman: Yuman: River

Other Sources:

Wares, Alan Cambell. 1968. A Comparative Study of Yuman Consonatism. The Hague: Mouton.
Munro, Pamela. 1976. Mojave Syntax. New York:Garland.

Consonant system:

   p t (ṭ) k k^j kʷ q qʷ ʔ
    č
    θ s (š) h hʷ
v ð
m n (ṇ) ñ
    l ʎ
    r

Stops: p t (ṭ) k k^j kʷ q qʷ ʔ

Affricates: č

Fricatives: v θ ð s (š) h hʷ

Nasals: m n (ṇ) ñ

Laterals: l ʎ

Vibrants: r

Glides: j w

Vowel system:

I ʋ
e ǝ o
ɐ

Front Vowels: I e

Central Vowels: ǝ ɐ

Back Vowels: ʋ o

Long Vowels: ī ē ā ū ō

Tones: hi mid lo ris fall

Stress: stem final

Demonstratives: 2

Articles: def

Pronouns:

1 4
2 5
*3 *6

Syntax: SOV NA GN ND N-NUM POSS-N

Prep/Post: POST

Comments: "I have not heard anyone under forty converse fluently in the language, although many young Mojaves can understand their elders' speech." Munro, x.

Number: 4924

Language: Yuma₁

Location: SE California

Classification: Amerind: Hokan: Seri-Yuman: Yuman: River

Other Sources: WPF

Consonant system:

Pronouns:

1 4
2 5
3 6

Number: 4925

Language: Maricopa

Location: SW Arizona

Population: 2,800

Classification: Amerind: Hokan: Seri-Yuman: Yuman: River

Other Sources:

Wares, Alan Cambell. 1968. A Comparative Study of Yuman Consonantism. The Hague: Mouton.
Sunn, Nick and Henny O. Harwell. 1976. "An Account of Maricopa Origins," NATS 1:3, 26-30.
WPF

Consonant system:

   p t k k^j kʷ q qʷ ʔ
    č
    s š x xʷ
β ð
m n ñ
    l ʎ
    r

Stops: p t k k^j kʷ q qʷ ʔ

Affricates: č

Fricatives: β ð s š x xʷ

Nasals: m n ñ

Laterals: l ʎ

Vibrants: r

Glides: j w

Vowel system:

I ʋ
ɛ ɔ
a

Front Vowels: I ɛ

Central Vowels: a

Back Vowels: ʋ ɔ

Long Vowels: v̄ all

Stress: stem final

Pronouns:

1 4
2 5
3 6

Syntax: SOV NA ND N-NUM

Prep/Post: POST

Number: 4926

Language: Paipai

Location: NW Mexico (N Baja California)

Population: 150

Classification: Amerind: Hokan: Seri-Yuman: Yuman: Pai

Other Sources: Wares, Alan Cambell. 1968. A Comparative Study of Yuman Consonantism. The Hague: Mouton.

Consonant system:

   p t k k^j kʷ q qʷ ʔ
    č
    s ṣ x xʷ χ
β
m n ñ
    l (ɬ) ʎ
    r

Stops: p t k k^j kʷ q qʷ ʔ

Affricates: č

Fricatives: β s ṣ x xʷ χ

Nasals: m n ñ

Laterals: l (ɬ) ʎ

Vibrants: r

Glides: j w

Vowel system:

i u
e o
a

Front Vowels: i e

Central Vowels: a

Back Vowels: u o

Long Vowels: v̄ all

Number: 4927

Language: Walapai

Alternate Name: Hualapai

Location: NW Arizona

Population: 1,500

Classification: Amerind: Hokan: Seri-Yuman: Yuman: Pai

Other Sources:

Redden, James E. 1966. "Walapai I: Phonology," IJAL 32, 1-16.
Winter, Werner. 1966. "Yuman Languages II: Wolf's Son - A Walapai Text," IJAL 32, 17-40.

Consonant system:

   p t̪ k q ʔ
    č
    θ s̪ h
v
m n̪ ñ ŋ
    l̪
    ɾ̣

Stops: p t̪ k q ʔ

Affricates: č

Fricatives: v θ s̪ h

Nasals: m n̪ ñ ŋ

Laterals: l̪

Vibrants: ɾ̣

Glides: j w

Vowel system:

i u
e ǝ o

Front Vowels: i e

Central Vowels: a

Back Vowels: u o

Long Vowels: v̄ all

Syllable: (C)(C)(G)V(C)(C)(C)

Noun Number: s p

Demonstratives: 4: this close/this/that/that further away

Articles: 4: the particular, that indefinite, that other indefinite, the former-non-present, no longer existing.

Syntax: SOV NA ND N-POSS/POSS-N

Comments: All Walapai are bilingual in English.

Number: 4928

Language: Havasupai

Location: N Arizona

Population: 1,500

Classification: Amerind: Hokan: Seri-Yuman: Yuman: Pai

Other Sources:

Spier, Leslie. 1924. "Havasupai (Yuman) Texts," IJAL 3,109-16.
Kozlowski, Edwin. 1976. "Remarks on Havasupai Phonology," IJAL 42,140-9.

Consonant system:

   p t k k^j kʷ q qʷ ʔ
    č
(f) θ s h hʷ
v
m n ñ
    l
    ɾ

Stops: p t k k^j kʷ q qʷ ʔ

Affricates: č

Fricatives: (f) v θ s h hʷ

Nasals: m n ñ

Laterals: l

Vibrants: ɾ

Glides: j w

Vowel system:

I ʋ
ɛ (ǝ) ɔ
a

Front Vowels: I ɛ

Central Vowels: (ǝ) a

Back Vowels: ʋ ɔ

Long Vowels: ī ɛ̄ ā ū ɔ̄

Syllable: (C)(C)V(C)(C)

Stress: phonemic

Syntax: SOV NA GN ND N-NUM POSS-N

Number: 4929

Language: Yavapai

Location: W Arizona

Population: 1,500

Classification: Amerind: Hokan: Seri-Yuman: Yuman: Pai

Other Sources:

Shaterian, A. V. 1976. "Yavapai [+ sonorant] Segments," in HS, 87-93.
Kendall, Martha B. 1976. Selected Problems in Yavapai Syntax. New York: Garland.

Consonant system:

   p t k k^j kʷ q qʷ ʔ
    č
    θ s (š) h hʷ
v
m n ñ
    l
    ṛ

Stops: p t k k^j kʷ q qʷ ʔ

Affricates: č

Fricatives: v θ s (š) h hʷ

Nasals: m n ñ

Laterals: l

Vibrants: ṛ

Glides: j w

Vowel system:

i u
e o
a

Front Vowels: i e

Central Vowels: a

Back Vowels: u o

Long Vowels: v̄ all

Nasal Vowels: ṽ a

Stress: root final

Noun Number: s (p)

Demonstratives: 8: this one nearby /this one/that one specific/that one/that one there (visible)/that one (distant)/that one (invisible or non-existent)/that other one

Pronouns:

1 4
2 5
*3 *6

Syntax: SOV NA GN DN/ND N-NUM POSS-N

Prep/Post: POST

Comments: "Young Yavapais are almost entirely monolingual in English." Kendall, p. xii.

Number: 4930

Language: Waicuri

Location: NW Mexico (S Baja California)

Population: extinct

Classification: Amerind: Hokan: Waicuri-Quinigua

Consonant system:

Number: 4931

Language: Maratino

Location: EC Mexico

Population: extinct

Classification: Amerind: Hokan: Waicuri-Quinigua

Consonant system:

Number: 4932

Language: Quinigua

Location: EC Mexico

Population: extinct

Classification: Amerind: Hokan: Waicuri-Quinigua

Consonant system:

Number: 4933

Language: Tonkawa

Location: C Texas

Population: 5

Classification: Amerind: Hokan: Coahuiltecan

Dictionary: Hoijer, Harry. 1949. An Analytical Dictionary of the Tonkawa Language. UCPL 5.

Grammar: Hoijer, Harry. 1946. "Tonkawa," in LSNA, 289-311.

Other Sources:

Haas, Mary R. 1959. "Tonkawa and Algonquian," AL 1:2, 1-6.
Hoijer, Harry. 1972. Tonkawa Texts. UCPL 73.

Consonant system:

   p t̪ k kʷ ʔ
    t̪^s
    s̪ x xʷ h
m n̪
    l̪

Stops: p t̪ k kʷ ʔ

Affricates: t̪^s

Fricatives: s̪ x xʷ h

Nasals: m n̪

Laterals: l̪

Glides: j w

Vowel system:

I u
ɛ ɔ
a

Front Vowels: I ɛ

Central Vowels: a

Back Vowels: u ɔ

Long Vowels: ī ē ā ū ō

Syllable: (C)CV(C)(C)

Stress: non-phonemic

Demonstratives: 3 + ref

Syntax: SOV NA GN ND

Number: 4934

Language: Karankawa

Location: SE Texas

Population: extinct

Classification: Amerind: Hokan: Coahuiltecan

Consonant system:

Number: 4935

Language: Coahuiltec

Location: NE Mexico (Coahuila)

Population: extinct

Classification: Amerind: Hokan: Coahuiltecan

Other Sources:

Troike, Rudolph C. 1963. "A Contribution to Coahuilteco," IJAL 29, 295-9.
Kaufman, Terrence. 1976. "Areal Linguistics and Middle America," in NLA 2, 63-87.
WALS

Consonant system:

   p p^ʔ t t^ʔ k k^ʔ kʷ k^ʔʷ ʔ
    t^s č
    s š x xʷ
m n
    l

Stops: p p^ʔ t t^ʔ k k^ʔ kʷ k^ʔʷ ʔ

Affricates: t^s č

Fricatives: s š x xʷ

Nasals: m n

Laterals: l

Modified Consonants: Troike adds t^sʔ č^ʔ ^ʔl ʔ h o

Glides: j w

Vowel system:

i u
e
a

Front Vowels: i e

Central Vowels: a

Back Vowels: u

Long Vowels: v̄ all

Syntax: SOV

Number: 4936

Language: Cotoname

Location: EC Mexico

Population: extinct

Classification: Amerind: Hokan: Coahuiltecan

Consonant system:

Number: 4937

Language: Comecrudo

Location: EC Mexico

Population: extinct

Classification: Amerind: Hokan: Coahuiltecan

Other Sources: CTIL 11, 468

Consonant system:

   p t k kʷ
    t^s
    s h hʷ
m n
    l

Stops: p t k kʷ

Affricates: t^s

Fricatives: s h hʷ

Nasals: m n

Laterals: l

Modified Consonants: c^ʔ?

Glides: j w

Vowel system:

i u
a

Front Vowels: i

Central Vowels: a

Back Vowels: u

Long Vowels: v̄

Stress: phonemic

Number: 4938

Language: Tlamelula

Location: S Mexico (Oaxaca)

Population: 5,000

Classification: Amerind: Hokan: Tequistlatecan

Grammar: Waterhouse, Viola Grace. 1962. The Grammatical Structure of Oaxaca Chontal. Bloomington: Indiana Univ.

Other Sources: Turner, Paul R. 1969. "Proto-Chontal Phonemes," IJAL 35, 34-7.

Consonant system:

   p t c k k^ʔ ʔ
b d ɡ
p^fʔ t^s t^sʔ t^lʔ č č^ʔ
f s š x
m ^ʔm n ^ʔn n̥ ñ ^ʔñ
    l ^ʔl ɬ ʎ ʎ̥
    ɾ r

Stops: p b t d c k k^ʔ ɡ ʔ

Affricates: p^fʔ t^s t^sʔ t^l^ʔ č č^ʔ

Fricatives: f s š x

Nasals: m ^ʔm n ^ʔn n̥ ñ ^ʔñ

Laterals: l ^ʔl ɬ ʎ ʎ̥

Vibrants: ɾ r

Glides: j j̥ w w̥ ^ʔw

Vowel system:

i u
ɛ o
a

Front Vowels: i ɛ

Central Vowels: a

Back Vowels: u o

Long Vowels: v̄ all

Syllable: (C)(C)(C)V(C)(C)

Stress: phonemic

Noun Number: s p

Demonstratives: 3

Articles: def

Pronouns:

1 4
2 5
*3 *6

Syntax: VSO AN GN/NG DN N-NUM POSS-N

Prep/Post: PREP

Number: 4939

Language: Tequistlatec

Alternate Name: Chontal

Location: S Mexico (S Oaxaca)

Population: 5,000

Classification: Amerind: Hokan: Tequistlatecan

Other Sources:

Waterhouse, Viola and May Morrison. 1950. "Chontal Phonemes," IJAL 16, 35-9.
Turner, Paul R. 1967a. "Seri and Chontal (Tequistlateco)," IJAL 33, 235-9.
Turner, Paul R. 1967b. "Highland Chontal Phrase Syntagmemes," IJAL 33, 282-6.
Turner, Paul R. 1967c. "Highland Chontal Phonemes," AL 9:4, 26-32.

Consonant system:

   p t k k^ʔ ʔ
b d ɡ
    t^s t^sʔ t^lʔ č č^ʔ
f f^ʔ s š h
m n n̥ ŋ
    l ɬ

Stops: p b t d k k^ʔ ɡ ʔ

Affricates: t^s t^sʔ t^lʔ č č^ʔ

Fricatives: f f^ʔ s š h

Nasals: m n n̥ ŋ

Laterals: l ɬ

Glides: j w w̥

Vowel system:

i u
e o
a

Front Vowels: i e

Central Vowels: a

Back Vowels: u o

Syllable: (C)(C)CV(C)(C), but no CCCVCC

Articles: def

Syntax: AN NG DN NUM-N POSS-N/N-POSS

Noun Incorporation: noun incorp

Number: 4940

Language: Jicaque

Alternate Name: Tol

Location: NW Honduras

Population: 300

Classification: Amerind: Hokan: Southern

Other Sources:

Conzemius, Edward. 1923. "The Jicaques of Honduras," IJAL 2, 163-70.
Greenberg, Joseph H. and Morris Swadesh. 1953. "Jicaque as a Hokan Language, " IJAL 19, 216-22.
Fleming, Ilah and Ronald K. Dennis. 1977. "Tol (Jicaque): Phonology," IJAL 43, 121-7.
Oltrogge, David. 1977. "Proto Jicaque-Subtiaba-Tequistlateco: A Comparative Reconstruction," in Two Studies in Middle American Comparative Linguistics, SIL 55, 1-52.

Consonant system:

   p p^h p^ʔ t t^h t^ʔ k k^h k^ʔ ʔ
    t^s t^sh t^sʔ
    s h
β
m n ŋ
    l

Stops: p p^h p^ʔ t t^h t^ʔ k k^h k^ʔ ʔ

Affricates: t^s t^s^h t^sʔ

Fricatives: β s h

Nasals: m n ŋ

Laterals: l

Glides: j ɨ̯ w

Vowel system:

i ɨ u
e o
a

Front Vowels: i e

Central Vowels: ɨ a

Back Vowels: u o

Syllable: C(C)V(C)

Stress: final

Articles: indef

Syntax: SOV NA GN N-NUM POSS-N

Prep/Post: POST