A global linguistic database : Query result

Number: 4941

Language: Yurimangui

Location: W Colombia (Cauca)

Population: extinct

Classification: Amerind: Hokan: Southern

Consonant system:

Number: 4942

Language: Tlapanec

Location: S Mexico (E Guerrero)

Population: 50,000

Classification: Amerind: Hokan: Southern: Tlapanecan

Grammar: GD: Radin,Paul. 1935. "Notes on the Tlapanecan Language of Guerrero," IJAL 8, 45-72.

Other Sources: Weathers, Mark L. 1976. "Tlapanec 1975," IJAL 42, 367-71.

Consonant system:

   p t k ʔ
b d ɡ
    s š h
m n
    l
    r

Stops: p b t d k ɡ ʔ

Fricatives: s š h

Nasals: m n

Laterals: l

Vibrants: r

Glides: j w

Vowel system:

i u
e o
a

Front Vowels: i e

Central Vowels: a

Back Vowels: u o

Long Vowels: v̄ all

Nasal Vowels:

ṽ all
v̄̃ all

Modified Vowels: vowel harmony

Tones: hi mid lo hi-mid-ris lo-mid-fall

Noun Number: s d p

Articles: def

Pronouns:

1 4
2 5
3 6d 6

Syntax: VSO NA GN N-POSS

Prep/Post: PREP

Number: 4943

Language: Subtiaba

Location: Nicaragua

Population: extinct

Classification: Amerind: Hokan: Southern: Tlapanecan

Other Sources: Oltrogge, David. 1977. "Proto Jicaque-Subtiaba-Tequistlateco: A Comparative Reconstruction," in Two Studies in Middle American Comparative Linguistics, SIL 55, 1-52.

Consonant system:

   p t t^ʔ k
b ^mb d ɡ
    s š χ h
m n ñ ŋ
    l

Stops: p b ^mb t t^ʔ d k ɡ

Fricatives: s š χ h

Nasals: m n ñ ŋ

Laterals: l

Glides: j w

Vowel system:

   i u
    o
    a

Front Vowels: i

Central Vowels: a

Back Vowels: u o

Number: 4944

Language: Kiowa

Location: Oklahoma

Population: 2,000

Classification: Amerind: Central: Tanoan: Kiowa-Towa

Dictionary: Harrington, John Peabody. 1928. Vocabulary of the Kiowa Language. Washington, D.C.: Bureau of American Ethnology, Bulletin 84.

Grammar: Trager, Edith Crowell. 1960. The Kiowa Language: A Grammatical Study. Philadelphia: Univ of Pennsylvania Diss.

Other Sources:

Harrington, John P. 1946. "Three Kiowa Texts," IJAL 12, 237-43.
Crowell, Edith E. 1949. "A Preliminary Report on Kiowa Structure," IJAL 15, 163-7.
Wonderly, William L., Lorna F. Gibson and Paul L. Kirk. 1954. "Number in Kiowa: Nouns, Demonstratives, and Adjectives," IJAL 20, 1-7.
Sivertsen, Eva. 1956. "Pitch Problems in Kiowa," IJAL 22, 117-30.
Merrifield, William R. 1959. "The Kiowa Verb Prefix," IJAL 25, 168-76.

Consonant system:

   p p^h p^ʔ t t^h t^ʔ k k^h k^ʔ ʔ
b d ɡ
    t^s t^sʔ
    s h
    z
m n
    l

Stops: p p^h p^ʔ b t t^h t^ʔ d k k^h k^ʔ ɡ ʔ

Affricates: t^s t^sʔ

Fricatives: s z h

Nasals: m n

Laterals: l

Glides: j

Vowel system:

   i u
e o
    ɔ
    a

Front Vowels: i e

Central Vowels: a

Back Vowels: u o ɔ

Long Vowels: v̄ all

Nasal Vowels:

ṽ all
v̄̃ all

Syllable: (C)V(C)

Tones: hi lo

Noun Number: s d p

Demonstratives: 2

Pronouns:

1 4die 4ie
2 5d 5
3 6d 6 + indef

Syntax: SOV NA DN NUM-N POSS-N

Prep/Post: PREP

Number: 4945

Language: Towa

Location: N New Mexico

Population: 1,250

Classification: Amerind: Central: Tanoan: Kiowa-Towa

Consonant system:

Number: 4946

Language: Tewa

Location: N New Mexico

Classification: Amerind: Central: Tanoan: Tewa-Tiwa

Other Sources:

Harrington, John P. 1946. "Three Tewa Texts," IJAL 13, 112-6.
Hoijer, Harry and Edward P. Dozier. 1949. "The Phonemes of Tewa, Santa Clara Dialect," IJAL 15, 139-44.
Dozier, Edward. 1953. "Tewa II: Verb Structure," IJAl 19, 118-27.
Yegerlehner, John. 1959. "Arizona Tewa I: Phonemes," IJAL 25, 1-7.

Consonant system:

   p p^ʔ t (t^j) t^ʔ k k^ʔ kʷ k^ʔʷ ʔ
b d ɡ
    t^s t^sʔč č^ʔ
    ɡ̌
ɸ θ s š x xʷ h hʷ
β
m n n^j
    ɾ

Stops: p p^ʔ b t (t^j) t^ʔ d k k^ʔ ɡ kʷ k^ʔʷ ʔ

Affricates: t^s t^sʔč č^ʔ ɡ̌

Fricatives: ɸ β θ s š x xʷ h hʷ

Nasals: m n n^j

Vibrants: ɾ

Glides: j w

Vowel system:

i u
e
(ɛ) ɔ
a

Front Vowels: i e (ɛ)

Central Vowels: a

Back Vowels: u o

Long Vowels: ī (ɛ̄) ā ū ō

Nasal Vowels:

ĩ ɛ̃ ã ũ
ɛ̃̄ ã̄ ũ̄

Syllable: (C)V(C)

Tones: hi mid lo falling weak

Articles: def

Pronouns:

1 (4d)* 4
2 (5d)* 5
3 (6d)* 6
*occur in prefixed pronouns only, not in independent pronouns.

Syntax: SOV NA GN DN NUM-N POSS-N

Prep/Post: POST

Comments:

Age Lgs
>70 Bilingual: Tewa, Spanish
45-70 Trilingual: Tewa, Spanish, English
0-45 Bilingual: Tewa, English

Number: 4947

Language: Piro

Classification: Amerind: Central: Tanoan: Tewa-Tiwa: Tiwa-Piro

Number: 4948

Language: Taos

Location: N New Mexico

Population: 3,600

Classification: Amerind: Central: Tanoan: Tewa-Tiwa: Tiwa-Piro: Tiwa

TextBooks:

Trager, George L. 1944. "Spanish and English Loanwords in Taos," IJAL 10, 144-58.
Trager, George L. 1948. "Taos I: A Language Revisited," IJAL 14, 155-60.
Trager, Geoger L. 1954. "Taos II: Pronominal Reference," IJAL 20, 173-80.

Consonant system:

   p p^h p^ʔ t t^h t^ʔ k k^ʔ kʷ k^ʔʷ ʔ
b d ɡ
    t^s t^sʔ
    s x xʷ h
m n
    l ɬ
    ɾ

Stops: p p^h p^ʔ b t t^h t^ʔ d k k^ʔ ɡ kʷ k^ʔʷ ʔ

Affricates: t^s t^sʔ

Fricatives: s x xʷ h

Nasals: m n

Laterals: l ɬ

Vibrants: ɾ

Glides: j w

Vowel system:

i u
e ǝ
a ɒ

Front Vowels: i e

Central Vowels: ǝ a

Back Vowels: u ɒ

Nasal Vowels: ı̃ ɛ̃ ũ ɔ̃ ɑ̃

Tones: hi mid lo

Noun Number: s p

Pronouns:

1 4d 4
2 5d 5
3 6d 6
1=6d
These are noun prefixes; the only independent pronouns are 1 and 2.

Syntax: POSS-N

Noun Incorporation: noun incorp

Number: 4949

Language: Picuris

Location: N New Mexico

Population: 3,600

Classification: Amerind: Central: Tanoan: Tewa-Tiwa: Tiwa-Piro: Tiwa

Other Sources: Trager, Felicia Harben. 1971. "The Phonology of Pictures," IJAL 37, 29-33.

Consonant system:

   p p^h p^ʔ t t^h t^ʔ k k^ʔ kʷ k^ʔʷ ʔ
(b) (d) (ɡ)
    č
    s x xʷ h
m n
    l ɬ
    (r)

Stops: p p^h p^ʔ (b) t t^h t^ʔ (d) k k^ʔ (ɡ) kʷ k^ʔʷ ʔ

Affricates: č

Fricatives: s x xʷ h

Nasals: m n

Laterals: l ɬ

Vibrants: (r)

Glides: j w

Vowel system:

i u
e ǝ o
ɑ

Front Vowels: i e

Central Vowels: ǝ

Back Vowels: u o ɑ

Nasal Vowels: ṽ all

Diphthongs: ia

Tones: hi mid lo

Articles: SOV

Prep/Post: POST

Number: 4950

Language: Isleta

Location: N New Mexico

Population: 3,600

Classification: Amerind: Central: Tanoan: Tewa-Tiwa: Tiwa-Piro: Tiwa

Other Sources: Leap, William L. 1971. "Who were the Piro," AL 13, 321-30.

Consonant system:

   p p^h p^ʔ t̪ t̪^h t̪^ʔ k k^h k^ʔ
b d̪ ɡ
    t̪^s
    s̪ x h
m n̪
    ɬ̪
    r

Stops: p p^h p^ʔ b t̪ t̪^h t̪^ʔ d̪ k k^h k^ʔ ɡ

Affricates: t̪^s

Fricatives: s̪ x h

Nasals: m n̪

Laterals: ɬ̪

Vibrants: r

Glides: j w

Vowel system:

i u
e ǝ
a

Front Vowels: i e

Central Vowels: ǝ a

Back Vowels: u

Nasal Vowels: ṽ all

Number: 4951

Language: Sandia

Location: N New Mexico

Population: 3,600

Classification: Amerind: Central: Tanoan: Tewa-Tiwa: Tiwa-Piro: Tiwa

Other Sources: Brandt, Elizabeth. 1970. "On the Origins of Linguistic Stratification: The Sandia Case," AL 12, 46-50.

Consonant system:

   p p^h p^ʔ t t^h t^ʔ k k^h k^ʔ kʷ k^ʔʷ
b d ɡ
    č
    s š h hʷ
m n
    l ɬ
    r

Stops: p p^h p^ʔ b t t^h t^ʔ d k k^h k^ʔ ɡ kʷ k^ʔʷ

Affricates: č

Fricatives: s š h hʷ

Nasals: m n

Laterals: l ɬ

Vibrants: r

Glides: j w

Vowel system:

i u
e ǝ
a

Front Vowels: i e

Central Vowels: ǝ a

Back Vowels: u

Nasal Vowels: ṽ all

Diphthongs:

ia ie ǝa ue ua
iẽ ǝã uã

Tones: hi mid lo

Number: 4952

Language: Proto-Uto-Aztecan

Location: W North America

Classification: Amerind: Central: Uto-Aztecan

Grammar: Langacker, Ronald W. 1977. Studies in Uto-Aztezan Grammar, vol. 1: An Overview of Proto-Uto-Aztecan Gramar. Dallas: SIL.

Other Sources:

Langacker, Ronald W. 1970. "The Vowels of Proto Uto-Aztecan," IJAL 36, 169-80.
CTIL 4, 323.

Consonant system:

   p t k kʷ ʔ
    t^s
    s h
m n
    l

Stops: p t k kʷ ʔ

Affricates: t^s

Fricatives: s h

Nasals: m n

Laterals: l

Glides: j w

Vowel system:

   i ɨ u
    o
    a

Front Vowels: i

Central Vowels: ɨ a

Back Vowels: u o

Long Vowels: v̄ all

Noun Number: s p (anim nouns only)

Demonstratives: 2

Pronouns:

1 4
2 5
3hH 6hH
h=hum H=non-hum

Syntax: SOV AN/(NA) GN DN NUM-N POSS-N(1,2,4,5,6) N-POSS(3 only) D+A+N

Noun Incorporation: noun incorp

Prep/Post: POST

Comments: time depth: 5,000 B.P.

Number: 4953

Language: Northern Paiute

Location: SE Idaho

Population: 2,000

Classification: Amerind: Central: Uto-Aztecan: Numic: Western

Other Sources:

Liljeblad, Sven. 1950. "Bannack I: Phonemes," IJAL 16, 126-31.
Davis, Irvine. 1966. "Numic Consonantal Correspondences," IJAL 32, 124-40.

Consonant system:

   p t k kʷ ʔ
b d ɡ ɡʷ
    t^s
    d^z ɡ̌
    s h
    z
m m̥ ^ʔm n n̥ ^ʔn ŋ

Stops: p b t d k ɡ kʷ ɡʷ ʔ

Affricates: t^s d^z ɡ̌

Fricatives: s z h

Nasals: m m̥ ^ʔm n n̥ ^ʔn ŋ

Modified Consonants: c̄ n

Glides: j ^ʔj w w̥^ʔw

Vowel system:

   i ɨ u
    o
    a

Front Vowels: i

Central Vowels: ɨ a

Back Vowels: u o

Syllable: (C)V

Tones: hi lo

Stress: phonemic

Syntax: SOV AN DN POSS-N

Noun Incorporation: noun incorp

Prep/Post: POST

Number: 4954

Language: Mono

Location: E California

Population: 300

Classification: Amerind: Central: Uto-Aztecan: Numic: Western

Grammar: Lamb, Sydney M. 1958. Northfork Mono Grammar. Berkeley: Univ of California Diss.

Other Sources:

Klein, Sheldon. 1959. "Comparative Mono-Kawaiisu," IJAL 25, 233-8.
Davis, Irvine. 1966. "Numic Consonantal Correspondences," IJAL 32, 124-40.

Consonant system:

   p t ⁿt k kʷ q qʷ ʔ
b d ɡ ɡʷ G Gʷ
    t^s d^z
    s x h
m ^ʔm n ^ʔn

Stops: p b t ⁿt d k ɡ kʷ ɡʷ q qʷ G Gʷ ʔ

Affricates: t^s d^z

Fricatives: s x h

Nasals: m ^ʔm n ^ʔn

Modified Consonants: c̄ n

Glides: j j̥ ^ʔj w w̥^ʔw

Vowel system:

i ɨ u
e o
a

Front Vowels: i e

Central Vowels: ɨ a

Back Vowels: u o

Long Vowels: v̄

Stress: non-phonemic (on syllable containing second mora from end of word)

Demonstratives: 2

Articles: art

Syntax: SOV AN GN DN NUM-N POSS-N

Noun Incorporation: noun incorp

Prep/Post: POST

Number: 4955

Language: Koso

Location: SE California

Classification: Amerind: Central: Uto-Aztecan: Numic: Central

Consonant system:

Number: 4956

Language: Shoshone

Location: Wyoming

Population: 5,000

Classification: Amerind: Central: Uto-Aztecan: Numic: Central

Dictionary: Tidzump, Malinda. 1970. Shoshone Thesaurus. Grand Forks, North Dakota: SIL.

Other Sources:

Shimkin, D. B. 1949. "Shoshone, I-II," IJAL 15, 175-88 & 203-12.
Davis, Irvine. 1966. "Numic Consonantal Correspondences," IJAL 32, 124-40.

Consonant system:

   p t k kʷ ʔ
b d ^hd ɡ ɡʷ
    t^s d^z
    s h
    z
m m̥ n n̥ ŋʷ

Stops: p b t d ^hd k ɡ kʷ ɡʷ ʔ

Affricates: t^sd^z

Fricatives: s z h

Nasals: m m̥ n n̥ ŋʷ

Modified Consonants: ^Nc p t k kʷ t^s

Glides: j j̥ w̥

Vowel system:

i ɨ u
e o
a

Front Vowels: i e

Central Vowels: ɨ a

Back Vowels: u o

Long Vowels: v̄ all

Noun Number: s d p

Demonstratives: 5: very close/close/slightly removed/removed but in sight/out of sight

Articles: def

Pronouns:

1 4die 4ie
2 5d 5
*3 *6d *6

Syntax: SOV AN GN DN NUM-N POSS-N D+A+N

Noun Incorporation: noun incorp

Prep/Post: PREP/POST

Number: 4957

Language: Comanche

Location: W Texas

Population: 5,000

Classification: Amerind: Central: Uto-Aztecan: Numic: Central

Other Sources:

Riggs, Venda. 1949. "Alternate Phomemic Analyses of Comanche," IJAL 15, 229-31.
Osborn, Henry and William A. Smalley. 1949. "Formulae for Comanche Stem and Word Formation," IJAL 15, 93-9.
Casagrande, Joseph B. 1954. "Comanche Linguistic Acculturation," IJAL 20, 140-51.
Davis, Irvine. 1966. "Numic Consonantal Correspondences," IJAL 32, 124-40.

Consonant system:

   p t k kʷ ʔ
    t^s
    s h
β
m n
    ɾ

Stops: p t k kʷ ʔ

Affricates: t^s

Fricatives: β s h

Nasals: m n

Vibrants: ɾ

Modified Consonants: ^hc p t k kʷ t^s m n ɾ w

Glides: j w

Vowel system:

i ɨ u
e o
a

Front Vowels: i e

Central Vowels: ɨ a

Back Vowels: u o

Long Vowels: v̄ all

Modified Vowels: v̥ all

Syllable: CV(C)

Stress: phonemic (but mostly initial)

Noun Number: s d p

Demonstratives: 3 this, that distant, that out of sight

Pronouns:

1 4die 4ie
2 5d 5
*3 *6d *6

Syntax: SOV AN POSS-N

Prep/Post: POST

Number: 4958

Language: Kawaiisu

Location: S California

Population: 3,000

Classification: Amerind: Central: Uto-Aztecan: Numic: Southern

Other Sources:

Klein, Sheldon. 1959. "Comparative Mono-Kawaiisu," IJAL 25, 233-8.
Davis, Irvine. 1966. "Numic Consonantal Correspondences," IJAL 32, 124-40.

Consonant system:

   p ^mp t k kʷ ʔ
b d ɡ ɡʷ
    t^s d^z
    s h
m n

Stops: p ^mp b t d k ɡ kʷ ɡʷ ʔ

Affricates: t^s d^z

Fricatives: s h

Nasals: m n

Modified Consonants: c̄ b m n

Glides: j w

Vowel system:

i ɨ u
e o
a

Front Vowels: i e

Central Vowels: ɨ a

Back Vowels: u o

Long Vowels: v̄

Number: 4959

Language: Southern Paiute

Location: SW Utah

Population: 3,000

Classification: Amerind: Central: Uto-Aztecan: Numic: Southern

Other Sources:

Davis, Irvine. 1966. "Numic Consonantal Correspondences," IJAL 32, 124-40.
Harms, Robert T. 1966. "Stress, Voice, and Length in Southern Paiute," IJAL 32, 228-35.
WPF

Consonant system:

   p t k kʷ q ʔ
b d ɡ ɡʷ
    t^s č
    s
m n ŋ ŋʷ

Stops: p b t d k ɡ kʷ ɡʷ q ʔ

Affricates: t^s č

Fricatives: s

Nasals: m n ŋ ŋʷ

Modified Consonants: ^hc p t k kʷ q t^s č s ^Nc p t k kʷ q t^s č

Glides: j w

Vowel system:

i ɨ u
a

Front Vowels: i

Central Vowels: ɨ a

Back Vowels: u

Long Vowels: v̄ all

Stress: phonemic

Noun Number: s p

Demonstratives: 4 this/that near/ that far visible/that invisible

Articles: def

Pronouns:

1 4d 4ie
2 5
3 6

Syntax: SOV GN ND NUM-N/(N-NUM) N-POSS

Noun Incorporation: noun incorp

Prep/Post: POST

Number: 4960

Language: Southern Paiute

Location: Utah

Population: 3,000

Classification: Amerind: Central: Uto-Aztecan: Numic: Southern

Other Sources:

Davis, Irvine. 1966. "Numic Consonantal Correspondences," IJAL 32, 124-40.

Consonant system:

   p t k kʷ ʔ
b d ɡ ɡʷ
    t^s
    s
m ^ʔm n ^ʔn ŋ ^ʔŋ ŋʷ ^ʔŋʷ

Stops: p b t d k ɡ kʷ ɡʷ ʔ

Affricates: t^s

Fricatives: s

Nasals: m ^ʔm n ^ʔn ŋ ^ʔŋ ŋʷ ^ʔŋʷ

Modified Consonants: ^Nc p t k kʷ t^s

Glides: j ^ʔj w ^ʔw

Vowel system:

   i ɨ u
    o
    a

Front Vowels: i

Central Vowels: ɨ a

Back Vowels: u o

Long Vowels: v̄ all

Modified Vowels: v̥ all

Stress: phonemic