A global linguistic database : Query result

Number: 4981

Language: Cahita

Location: Mexico

Population: extinct

Classification: Amerind: Central: Uto-Aztecan: Taracahitic

Other Sources: CTIL 11, 468.

Consonant system:

   p t k ʔ
bʷ
    č
β s h
m n
    l
    r

Stops: p bʷ t k ʔ

Affricates: č

Fricatives: β s h

Nasals: m n

Laterals: l

Vibrants: r

Glides: j w

Vowel system:

i u
e o
a

Front Vowels: i e

Central Vowels: a

Back Vowels: u o

Long Vowels: v̄ all

Tones: hi lo

Number: 4982

Language: Cora

Location: W Mexico (Nayarit)

Population: 10,000

Classification: Amerind: Central: Uto-Aztecan: Corachol

Dictionary: McMahon, Ambrose and Maria Aiton de McMahon. 1959. Cora y español. Mexico City: SIL.

Other Sources:

McMahon, Ambrose. 1967. "Phonemes and Phonemic Units of Cora," IJAL 33, 128-34.
Casad, Eugene H. 1977 . "Location and Direction in Cora Discourse," AL 19, 216-41.
WALS

Consonant system:

   p pʷ t k kʷ ʔ
    t^sč
    s h
β
m mʷ n
    l
    ɾ

Stops: p pʷ t k kʷ ʔ

Affricates: t^sč

Fricatives: β s h

Nasals: m mʷ n

Laterals: l

Vibrants: ɾ

Glides: j w

Vowel system:

i ɨ u
e
a

Front Vowels: i e

Central Vowels: ɨ a

Back Vowels: u

Long Vowels: v̄ all

Syllable: (C)V(C)

Tones: hi lo

Stress: phonemic

Noun Number: s p

Demonstratives: 3

Articles: def

Pronouns:

1 4
2 5
3 6

Syntax: VSO/VOS NG NUM-N POSS-N(1,2,4,5,6) N-POSS(3) [According to E the Tepeuxila dialect is VSO and the El Nayar dialect is VSO/VOS.]

Prep/Post: POST

Number: 4983

Language: Huichol

Location: WC Mexico (Jalisco)

Population: 7,000

Classification: Amerind: Central: Uto-Aztecan: Corachol

Other Sources:

McIntosh, John B. 1945. "Huichol Phonemes," IJAL II, 31-5.
Grimes, Joseph E. 1955."Style in Huichol Structure," Lg 31, 31-5.
Grimes, Joseph E. 1959. "Huichol Tone and Intonation," IJAL 25, 221-32.
Grimes, Joseph E. 1964. Huichol Syntax. The Hague: Mouton.
Price, P. David. 1967. "Two Types of Taxonomy: A Huichol Ethnobotanical Example," AL 9:7, 1-28.

Consonant system:

   p t k kʷ ʔ
    t^s
    h
    ẓ
m n
    ɾ̣

Stops: p t k kʷ ʔ

Affricates: t^s

Fricatives: ẓ h

Nasals: m n

Vibrants: ɾ̣

Glides: j w

Vowel system:

i ɨ u
ɛ
a

Front Vowels: i ɛ

Central Vowels: ɨ a

Back Vowels: u

Long Vowels: v̄ all

Syllable: (C)(C)V(C), but no CCVC

Tones: hi lo

Stress: phonemic

Noun Number: s p

Pronouns:

1 4
2 5
*3 *6

Syntax: SOV AN/NA GN DN/ND NUM-N POSS-N(1,2,4,5,6)/N-POSS(3)

Prep/Post: POST

Number: 4984

Language: Pochutla

Location: S Mexico (Oaxaca)

Population: extinct

Classification: Amerind: Central: Uto-Aztecan: Aztecan

Other Sources: Boas, Franz. 1917. "El dialecto mexicano de Pochutla, Oaxaca," IJAL 1, 9-44.

Consonant system:

   p t̪ k
    t̪^s č
    s̪ š x
m n̪ ñ
    l

Stops: p t̪ k

Affricates: t̪^s č

Fricatives: s̪ š x

Nasals: m n̪ ñ

Laterals: l

Vowel system:

i u
e o
a

Front Vowels: i e

Central Vowels: a

Back Vowels: u o

Stress: final

Noun Number: s p

Articles: art

Syntax: SVO DN NUM-N POSS-N

Prep/Post: PREP/POST

Number: 4985

Language: Pipil

Location: El Salvador

Classification: Amerind: Central: Uto-Aztecan: Aztecan

Grammar: Geoffroy Rivas, Pedro. 1969. El nawat de Cuscatlán. San Salvador: Ministerio de Educacion.

Other Sources: Arauz, Prospero. 1960. El pipil de la region de los Itzalcos. San Salvador: Ministerio de Cultura.

Consonant system:

   p t̪ (t̪^ʔ) k kʷ
    t^s č
    s š h
m n
    ɬ

Stops: p t̪ (t̪^ʔ) k kʷ

Affricates: t^s č

Fricatives: s š h

Nasals: m n

Laterals: ɬ

Glides: j w

Vowel system:

i ʋ
e
a

Front Vowels: i e

Central Vowels: a

Back Vowels: ʋ

Syllable: (C)V(C)

Stress: penult

Noun Number: s p (anim only)

Demonstratives: 2

Articles: def indef

Pronouns:

1 4
2 5
3 6

Syntax: SVO AN/(NA) NUM-N POSS-N

Prep/Post: PREP/POST

Number: 4986

Language: Classical Nahuatl

Location: S Mexico

Classification: Amerind: Central: Uto-Aztecan: Aztecan

Dictionary: Molina, Alonso de. 1571. Vocabulario en langua castellana y mexicana. Mexico City.

Grammar:

Rose, Jean, 1971. Précis de grammaire de nahuatl classique. Mexico City: Institut Français d'Amérique Latine.
Anderson, Arthur J. O. 1973. Rules of the Aztec Language: Classical Nahuatl Grammar, 2 vols. Salt Lake City: Univ of Utah Press.
Sullivan, Thelma D. 1976. Compendio de la gramática nahuatl. Mexico City: Univ Nacional Autónoma de México.

TextBooks: Andrews, J. Richard D. 1975. Introduction to classical Nahuatl, 2 vols. Austin: Univ of Texas Press.

Consonant system:

   p t̪ k kʷ ʔ
    t^s t^lč
    s š
m n̪
    l

Stops: p t̪ k kʷ ʔ

Affricates: t^s t^lč

Fricatives: s š

Nasals: m n̪

Laterals: l

Modified Consonants: c̄ p s š l (only at morphological boundaries)

Glides: j w

Vowel system:

i
e o
a

Front Vowels: i e

Central Vowels: a

Back Vowels: o

Long Vowels: v̄ all

Diphthongs: ai au ei

Syllable: (C)V(C)

Stress: penult

Noun Number: s p (anim only)

Demonstratives: 2

Articles: art

Pronouns:

1 4
2 5
3 6
+ indef

Syntax: SVO AN (GN)/NG DN/ND NUM-N POSS-N

Noun Incorporation: noun incorp

Prep/Post: POST

Number: 4987

Language: Nahuatl

Alternate Name: Aztec

Dialect: Matlapa

Location: C Mexico

Population: 1 million

Classification: Amerind: Central: Uto-Aztecan: Aztecan

Other Sources: Croft, Kenneth. 1951. "Practical Orthography for Matlapa Nahuatl," IJAL 17, 32-6.

Consonant system:

   p t k kʷ
    t^s t^lč
    s š h
m n
    l

Stops: p t k kʷ

Affricates: t^s t^lč

Fricatives: s š h

Nasals: m n

Laterals: l

Glides: j w

Vowel system:

i
ɛ o
a

Front Vowels: i ɛ

Central Vowels: a

Back Vowels: o

Long Vowels: v̄ all

Nasal Vowels:

ṽ all
v̄̃ all

Syllable: (C)V(C)

Stress: penult

Number: 4988

Language: Nahuatl

Alternate Name: Aztec

Dialect: Orizaba

Location: S Mexico (Veracruz)

Population: 1 million

Classification: Amerind: Central: Uto-Aztecan: Aztecan

Other Sources: Goller, Theodore R., Patricia L. Goller and Viola G. Waterhouse. 1974. "The Phonemes of Orizaba Nahuatl," IJAL 40, 126-31.

Consonant system:

   p^h t^h k^h k^hʷ (ʔ)
(b) ɡ
    t^s t^lč
(f) s š h
m n
    l̥
    (ɾ)

Stops: p^h (b) t^h k^h ɡ k^hʷ (ʔ)

Affricates: t^s t^lč

Fricatives: (f) s š h

Nasals: m n

Laterals: l̥

Vibrants: (ɾ)

Glides: j w

Vowel system:

i (u)
e o
a

Front Vowels: i e

Central Vowels: a

Back Vowels: (u) o

Long Vowels: ī (ē) ā ō

Syllable: (C)V(C)

Stress: phonemic

Number: 4989

Language: Nahuatl

Alternate Name: Aztec

Dialect: Tetelcingo

Location: Mexico (Morelos)

Population: 1 million

Classification: Amerind: Central: Uto-Aztecan: Aztecan

Dictionary: Brewer, Forrest and John G. Brewer. 1962. Vocabulario mexicano de Tetelcingo. Mexico City: SIL.

Grammar: Pittman, Richard S. 1954. A Grammar of Tetelcingo (Morelos) Nahuatl. Language Dissertation No. 50, Supplement to Lg 30.

Other Sources:

Pittman, Richard S. 1961. "The Phonemes of Tetelcingo (Morelos) Nahuatl," in A Willaim Townsend, Mexico City, SIL, 643-51. WALS
E

Consonant system:

   p t k kʷ
(b) (d) (ɡ)
    t^s t^lč
(f) s š h
m n (ñ)
    l
    (r)

Stops: p (b) t (d) k (ɡ) kʷ

Affricates: t^s t^lč

Fricatives: (f) s š h

Nasals: m n (ñ)

Laterals: l

Vibrants: (r)

Glides: j w

Vowel system:

   i u
I
    o
ɛ ɔ
    a

Front Vowels: i I ɛ

Central Vowels: a

Back Vowels: u o ɔ

Diphthongs: ie

Stress: penult

Noun Number: s p

Demonstratives: 2

Articles: indef

Pronouns:

1 4
2 5
3 6
(+ honorific for 2 3 4 5)

Syntax: SVO/VSO/VOS(order of frequency) AN/NA DN POSS-N

Noun Incorporation: noun incorp

Prep/Post: POST

Number: 4990

Language: Nahuatl

Alternate Name: Aztec

Dialect: Huasteca

Location: Mexico (Hidalgo)

Population: 1 million

Classification: Amerind: Central: Uto-Aztecan: Aztecan

Other Sources:

Beller, Dick and Pat Beller. 1979. "Rank of Participants in Huasteca Nahuatl," in DSML, 247-68.
E

Consonant system:

   p t k kʷ ʔ
    (ɡ)
    t^s t^lč
    s š h
m n
    l

Stops: p t k (ɡ) kʷ ʔ

Affricates: t^s t^lč

Fricatives: s š h

Nasals: m n

Laterals: l

Glides: j w

Vowel system:

i
e o
a

Front Vowels: i e

Central Vowels: a

Back Vowels: o

Noun Number: s p

Articles: indef

Syntax: SVO AN NG DN NUM-N POSS-N D+A+N

Noun Incorporation: noun incorp

Prep/Post: PREP

Number: 4991

Language: Nahuatl

Alternate Name: Aztec

Dialect: Huauhtla

Location: Mexico

Population: 1 million

Classification: Amerind: Central: Uto-Aztecan: Aztecan

Other Sources: Merlan, Francesca. 1976. "Noun Incorporation and Discourse Reference in Modern Nahuatl," IJAL 42, 177-91.

Consonant system:

   p t k kʷ ʔ
    t^s t^l č
    s š
m n
    l

Stops: p t k kʷ ʔ

Affricates: t^s t^l č

Fricatives: s š

Nasals: m n

Laterals: l

Glides: j w

Vowel system:

i
e o
a

Front Vowels: i e

Central Vowels: a

Back Vowels: o

Long Vowels: v̄ all

Demonstratives: 3

Syntax: SVO DN POSS-N

Noun Incorporation: noun incorp

Prep/Post: POST

Number: 4992

Language: Nahuatl

Alternate Name: Aztec

Dialect: North Puebla

Location: Mexico (N Puebla)

Population: 1 million

Classification: Amerind: Central: Uto-Aztecan: Aztecan

Other Sources:

Brockway, Earl. 1963. "The Phonemes of North Puebla Nahuatl," AL 5:2, 14-8.
WALS

Consonant system:

   p t̪ k kʷ ʔ
    t^s t^lč
    s š
m n̪
    l

Stops: p t̪ k kʷ ʔ

Affricates: t^s t^lč

Fricatives: s š

Nasals: m n̪

Laterals: l

Glides: j w w̥

Vowel system:

i
ɛ o
a

Front Vowels: i ɛ

Central Vowels: a

Back Vowels: o

Long Vowels: ī ē ā ō

Syllable: (C)V(C)

Syntax: SVO POSS-N

Number: 4993

Language: Nahuatl

Alternate Name: Aztec

Dialect: Sierra Nahuat

Location: S Mexico (N Puebla)

Population: 1 million

Classification: Amerind: Central: Uto-Aztecan: Aztecan

Other Sources:

Key, Harold and Mary Key. 1953. "The Phonemes of Sierra Nahuat," IJAL 19, 53-6.
Robinson, Dow Frederick. 1966. Sierra Nahuat Word Structure. HSL 18.
Robinson, Dow F. 1969. "Puebla (Sierra) Nahuat Prosodies," in ASI, 15-32.
E

Consonant system:

   p t̪ k kʷ
(b) (d̪) ɡ
    t^s č
(f) s š h
m n̪ (ñ)
    l̪
    (ɾ)(r)

Stops: p (b) t̪ (d̪) k ɡ kʷ

Affricates: t^s č

Fricatives: (f) s š h

Nasals: m n̪ (ñ)

Laterals: l̪

Vibrants: (ɾ)(r)

Glides: j w

Vowel system:

i
e o
a

Front Vowels: i e

Central Vowels: a

Back Vowels: o

Long Vowels: v̄ all

Syllable: (C)V(C)

Stress: penult

Noun Number: s p

Demonstratives: 3

Articles: def

Pronouns:

1 4
2 5
3 6

Syntax: VSO AN NUM-N POSS-N

Prep/Post: PREP/POST

Number: 4994

Language: Nahuatl

Alternate Name: Aztec

Dialect: Isthmus Nahuat

Location: S Mexico (S Veracruz)

Population: 1 million

Classification: Amerind: Central: Uto-Aztecan: Aztecan

Other Sources:

Law, Howard W. 1958. "Morphological Structure of Isthmus Nahuat," IJAL 24, 108-29.
Law, Howard W. 1966. Obligatory Constructions of Isthmus Nahuat Grammar. The Hague: Mouton.
Wolgemuth, Carl. 1969. "Isthmus Veracruz (Mecayapan) Nahuat Laryngeals," in ASI, 1-14.

Consonant system:

   p t k kʷ ʔ
b d ɡ
    t^s č
    s š h
m n
    l

Stops: p b t d k ɡ kʷ ʔ

Affricates: t^s č

Fricatives: s š h

Nasals: m n

Laterals: l

Glides: j w

Vowel system:

i
e o
a

Front Vowels: i e

Central Vowels: a

Back Vowels: o

Long Vowels: v̄ all

Stress: phonemic, but usually penult

Noun Number: s p

Demonstratives: 2

Pronouns:

1 4ie
2 5
3 6

Syntax: SVO AN/NA GN/NG DN NUM-N POSS-N

Prep/Post: PREP/POST

Number: 4995

Language: Nahuatl

Alternate Name: Aztec

Dialect: Michoacan Nahual

Location: S Mexico (Michoacan)

Population: 1 million

Classification: Amerind: Central: Uto-Aztecan: Aztecan

Other Sources:

Robinson, Dow, F. and WilliaM R. Sischo. 1969. "Michoacán (Pómaro) Nahual Clause Structure," in ASI, 53-74.
E

Consonant system:

   p t k kʷ ʔ
b d ɡ
    t^s č
    s š h
m n
l
r

Stops: p b t d k ɡ kʷ ʔ

Affricates: t^s č

Fricatives: s š h

Nasals: m n

Laterals: l

Vibrants: r

Glides: j w

Vowel system:

i u
e o
a

Front Vowels: i e

Central Vowels: a

Back Vowels: u o

Articles: def indef

Syntax: SVO/VSO NA GN DN NUM-N POSS-N D+Num+N+A

Prep/Post: PREP

Number: 4996

Language: Proto-Oto-Manguean

Location: S Mexico

Classification: Amerind: Central: Oto-Manguean

Other Sources:

Rensch, Calvin R. 1976. Comparative Otomanguean Phonology. Bloomington: Indiana University.
CTIL 4, 335.

Consonant system:

    t ⁿt k ^ŋk kʷ ^ŋkʷ ʔ
    s ⁿs h
m n nʷ
    l

Stops: t ⁿt k ^ŋk kʷ ^ŋkʷ ʔ

Fricatives: s ⁿs h

Nasals: m n nʷ

Laterals: l

Glides: j w

Vowel system:

i u
e
a

Front Vowels: i e

Central Vowels: a

Back Vowels: u

Nasal Vowels: ṽ all

Tones: hi mid low

Stress: final syllable of stem

Number: 4997

Language: Amuzgo

Location: S Mexico (SE Guerrero)

Population: 15,000

Classification: Amerind: Central: Oto-Manguean: Amuzgo

Other Sources:

Hart, Helen Long. 1957. "Hierarchical Structuring of Amuzgo Grammar," IJAL 23, 141-64.
Bauernschmidt, Amy. 1965. "Amuzgo Syllable Dynamics," Lg 41, 471-83.
Longacre, Robert E. 1966. "On Linguistic Affinities of Amuzgo," IJAL 32, 46-9.
Rensch, Calvin R. 1977. "Classification of the Oto-Manguean Languages and the Position of Tlapanec," in Two Studies in Middle American Comparative Linguistics," by David Oltrogge and Calvin R. Rensch, SIL 55, 53-108.

Consonant system:

   (p) t c k k^j kʷ ʔ
    t^sč
    s š h
(β)
m (m^p) n n^t ñ̃ ñ^c ŋ^k
l
ɾ (r)
Nc are "occluded nasals rather than prenasalized stops." Longacre, p. 46.

Stops: (p) t c k k^j kʷ ʔ

Affricates: t^sč

Fricatives: (β) s š h

Nasals: m (m^p) n n^t ñ ñ^c ŋ^k(Nc are "occluded nasals rather than prenasalized stops." Longacre, p. 46.)

Laterals: l

Vibrants: ɾ (r)

Glides: j w

Vowel system:

i u
e o
æ ɔ
a

Front Vowels: i e æ

Central Vowels: a

Back Vowels: u o ɔ

Nasal Vowels: ẽ æ̃ ã õ ɔ̃

Syllable: Nˈ Lˈ

Tones: hi mid low hi-fall lo-ris mid-ris

Noun Number: s p

Demonstratives: 3

Syntax: VSO NA ND NUM-N N-POSS N+A+D

Number: 4998

Language: Chichimeca

Location: C Mexico (Guanajuato)

Population: 800

Classification: Amerind: Central: Oto-Manguean: Otomian: Northern

Grammar: Angulo, Jaime de. 1932. "The Chichimeco Language (Central Mexico)," IJAL ??, 152-94.

Other Sources: Romero Castillo, Moisés. 1960. "Los fonemas del chichimeco-jonaz," Anales del Instituto Nacional de Antropologı́a e Historia 11, 289-99.

Consonant system:

   p t k ʔ
b d ɡ
    t^s č
    s h
    z
m n
    l
    r

Stops: p b t d k ɡ ʔ

Affricates: t^s č

Fricatives: s z h

Nasals: m n

Laterals: l

Vibrants: r

Vowel system:

i y u
e o
æ a

Front Vowels: i y e æ

Central Vowels: a

Back Vowels: u o

Nasal Vowels: ṽ

Tones: hi lo

Noun Number: s d p

Pronouns:

1 4die 4ie
2 5d 5
3 6d 6

Syntax: SOV NA GN DN/ND NUM-N POSS-N/N-POSS

Number: 4999

Language: Pame

Alternate Name: Alaquines

Location: EC Mexico (SE San Luis Potosн)

Population: 2,500

Classification: Amerind: Central: Oto-Manguean: Otomian: Northern

Other Sources:

Gibson, Lorna F. 1956. "Pame (Otomi) Phonemics and Morphophonemics," IJAL 22, 242-65.
Olson, Donald. 1963. "Spanish Loan Words in Pame," IJAL 29, 219-21.
WALS
WPF

Consonant system:

   p t k q ʔ
b d ɡ
    t^s č
(f) s š h
m n ŋ
    l ʎ
    r

Stops: p b t d k ɡ q ʔ

Affricates: t^s č

Fricatives: (f) s š h

Nasals: m n ŋ

Laterals: l ʎ

Vibrants: r

Glides: j w

Vowel system:

i ʋ
e
ɛ
a

Front Vowels: i e ɛ

Central Vowels: a

Back Vowels: ʋ

Nasal Vowels: ṽ all

Syllable: (C)(C)(C)(C)V(C)(C)(C)(C)(C)

Tones: hi lo fall

Pronouns:

1 4d 4
2 5d 5
3 6d 6

Syntax: SVO

Number: 5000

Language: Mazahua

Location: SW Mexico (Michoacan)

Population: 100,000

Classification: Amerind: Central: Oto-Manguean: Otomian: Central

Other Sources:

Pike, Eunice V. 1951. "Tonemic-Intonemic Correlation in Mazahua," IJAL 17, 37-41.
Spotts, Hazel. 1956. "Some Post-Conquest Changes in Mazahua," IJAL 22, 208-11.
Spotts, Hazel. 1953. "Vowel Harmony and Consonant Sequences in Mazahua," IJAL 19, 253-9.
Bartholomew, Doris. 1975. "Some Morphophonemic Rules in Mazahua," IJAL 41, 293-305.
E

Consonant system:

   p t k kʷ ʔ
b d ɡ ɡʷ
    t^s č
    s š h
    z ž
m n ñ
    (l)
    r

Stops: p b t d k ɡ kʷ ɡʷ ʔ

Affricates: t^s č

Fricatives: s z š ž h

Nasals: m n ñ

Laterals: (l)

Vibrants: r

Glides: j w

Vowel system:

i ɨ u
e ǝ o
ɛ ɔ
a

Front Vowels: i e ɛ

Central Vowels: ɨ ǝ a

Back Vowels: u o ɔ

Nasal Vowels: ı̃ ẽ ǝ̃ ã ũ ɔ̃

Modified Vowels: vowel harmony

Tones: hi lo fall

Stress: stem initial

Syntax: VSO