A global linguistic database : Query result

Number: 504

Language: Gokana

Location: S Nigeria (Rivers)

Population: 130,000

Classification: Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: South Central: Eastern: Delta Cross: Ogoni

Other Sources:

Brosnahan, L. F. 1964. "Outlines of the Phonology of the Gokana Dialect of Ogoni," JWAL 1:1, 43-8.
Brosnahan, L. F. 1967. "A Word List of the Gokana Dialect of Ogoni," JWAL 4:2, 43-52.
STAL

Consonant system:

   p t c k kp ʔ
b d ɟ ɡ ɡb
f s
v z ž
m n
    l
    (r)

Stops: p b t d c ɟ k ɡ kp ɡb ʔ

Fricatives: f v s z ž

Nasals: m n

Laterals: l

Vibrants: (r)

Glides: j w

Vowel system:

Front Vowels: i e ɛ

Central Vowels: a

Back Vowels: u o ɔ

Long Vowels: v̄ all

Nasal Vowels:

ṽ all but e o
v̄̃ all but e o

Syllable: (C)V(C) Nˈ

Tones: hi mid lo

Pronouns:

1 4
2 5
3 6

Syntax: SVO NG ND NUM-N POSS-N

Number: 507

Language: Efik

Dialect: Calabar

Location: SE Nigeria (South-Eastern)

Population: 400,000 (2 million second language speakers)

Classification: Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: South Central: Eastern: Lower Cross: Efik

Dictionary:

Adams, R. F. G. 1952. English-Efik Dictionary. Liverpool: Philip, Son & Nephew.
Adams, R. F. G. 1953. Efik-English Dictionary. Liverpool: Philip, Son & Nephew.

Grammar: Essien, U. and T. L. Cook. 1966. A Brief Introduction to Efik. Enugu: U.S. Peace Corp.

TextBooks: Welmers, William E. 1968. Efik. Ibadan: Institute of African Studies, Univ of Ibadan.

Other Sources:

Ward, Ida C. 1933. The Phonetic and Tonal Structure of Efik. Cambridge, Eng: W. Heffer & Sons.
Cook, T. L. 1969a. "Efik," in TNL, 35-46.
Cook, T. L. 1969b. The Pronunciation of Efik for Speakers of English. Bloomington: African Studies Program, Indiana Univ.

Consonant system:

t k kp
b d
f s
m n ñ ŋ
(r) is analyzed as an allophone of /d/ between vowels, thouɡh written in orthoɡraphy.

Stops: b t d k kp

Fricatives: f s

Nasals: m n ñ ŋ

Vibrants: (r) analyzed as an allophone of ǀdǀ between vowels, thouɡh written in orthoɡraphy

Glides: j w

Vowel system:

Front Vowels: i e (ɛ)

Central Vowels: a

Back Vowels: u o ɔ

Modified Vowels: vowel harmony

Syllable: (C)(G)V(C) Nˈ

Tones: hi lo hi-fall lo-ris downstep downdrift

Noun Number: s p (pl rarely used)

Demonstratives: 3

Pronouns:

1 4
2 5
3 6

Syntax: SVO AN NG ND N-NUM N-POSS

Prep/Post: PREP

Number: 508

Language: Ibibio

Location: SE Nigeria (South-eastern)

Population: 1.5 million

Classification: Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: South Central: Eastern: Lower Cross: Efik

Dictionary: Kaufman, Elaine M. 1972. Ibibio Dictionary. Stanford: African Language and Area Center, Stanford Univ.

Grammar: Kaufman, Elaine. 1969. Ibibio Grammar. Berkeley: Univ of California Diss.

Other Sources: LWA

Consonant system:

p t̪ k kp
b d
f s
m n ñ ŋ

Stops: p b t̪ d k kp

Fricatives: f s

Nasals: m n ñ ŋ

Modified Consonants: c̄ p t k m n ŋ

Glides: j w

Vowel system:

Front Vowels: i e

Central Vowels: a

Back Vowels: u o ɔ

Long Vowels: v̄ all

Syllable: (C)V(C) Nˈ

Tones: hi lo hi-fall downstep

Stress: non-phonemic

Demonstratives: 3

Pronouns:

1 4
2 5
3 6

Syntax: SVO AN NG ND N-NUM N-POSS

Prep/Post: PREP

Number: 515

Language: Mbembe

Dialect: Adun

Location: SE Nigeria (South-Eastern)

Population: 60,000 (10,000)

Classification: Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: South Central: Eastern: Upper Cross: Eastern

Other Sources:

Barnwell, K. 1969. "The Noun Class System in Mbembe," JWAL 6, 51-8.
Barnwell, K. G. L. 1974. "Mbembe," in TNTS, 51-78.

Consonant system:

   p t k kp
b d ɡ ɡb
    č
    ɡ̌
ɸ f s
β v
m n ñ ŋ
    (l)
    r

Stops: p b t d k ɡ kp ɡb

Affricates: č ɡ̌

Fricatives: ɸ β f v s

Nasals: m n ñ ŋ

Laterals: (l)

Vibrants: r

Modified Consonants:

c̄ t k f s m n
c^j p b ɸ m
cʷ k ɡ ŋ
^Nc d

Glides: j w

Vowel system:

Front Vowels: i e ɛ

Central Vowels: a

Back Vowels: u o ɔ

Long Vowels: ā ɔ̄

Tones: hi lo (ris) (fall) downstep downdrift

Noun Number: s p

Noun Classes: 11

Demonstratives: 2

Syntax: SVO NA NG ND N-NUM N-POSS N+D+Num

Prep/Post: PREP

Number: 516

Language: Legbo

Location: SE Nigeria (South-Eastern)

Classification: Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: South Central: Eastern: Upper Cross: Eastern

Other Sources: Spreda, Klaus and Janice Spreda. 1966. "An Interim Report on the Phonological Data of Agbo," in Tagmemic and Matrix Linguistics Applied to Selected African Languages, ed. by Kenneth L. Pike, Ann Arbor, Center for Research on Language and Language Behavior, Univ of Michigan.

Consonant system:

   p t c k kp
b d ɟ ɡ ɡb
    d^z
f s
v z
m n ñ ŋ
    l

Stops: p b t d c ɟ k ɡ kp ɡb

Affricates: d^z

Fricatives: f v s z

Nasals: m n ñ ŋ

Laterals: l

Modified Consonants:

c̄ all but ɟ and z
cʷ k ɡ ŋ

Glides: j w

Vowel system:

Front Vowels: i e ɛ

Central Vowels: a

Back Vowels: u o ɔ

Long Vowels: v̄ all

Modified Vowels: vowel harmony

Syllable: (C)V(C) Nˈ

Tones: hi mid lo

Stress: non-phonemic

Syntax: N-NUM N-POSS

Number: 519

Language: Loko₂

Alternate Name: Yakurr

Location: SE Nigeria (South-Eastern)

Population: 100,000

Classification: Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: South Central: Eastern: Upper Cross: Eastern

Other Sources:

Winston, F. D. D. 1962. "The Nominal Class System of Loko," ALS 3, 49-70.
Berry, Elaine. 1974. "Yakurr," in TNTS, 79-85.

Consonant system:

   p t k kp
b d ɡ ɡb
    ɡ̌
f s
m n ŋ ŋm
    l

Stops: p b t d k ɡ kp ɡb

Affricates: ɡ̌

Fricatives: f s

Nasals: m n ŋ ŋm

Laterals: l

Glides: j w

Vowel system:

Front Vowels: i e ɛ

Central Vowels: ǝ a

Back Vowels: u o ɔ

Long Vowels: v̄ all ?

Modified Vowels: vowel harmony

Syllable: (C)(C)V(C) Nˈ

Tones: hi lo ris fall

Noun Number: s p

Noun Classes: noun classes

Demonstratives: 3

Pronouns:

1 4
2 5
3 6

Syntax: SVO NA NG ND N-NUM N-POSS

Prep/Post: PREP

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