A global linguistic database : Query result

Number: 5041

Language: Chatino

Dialect: Papabuco

Location: S Mexico (C Oaxaca)

Population: 20,000

Classification: Amerind: Central: Oto-Manguean: Zapotec

Other Sources: Upson, B. W. and Robert E. Longacre. 1965. "Proto-Chatino Phonology," IJAL 31, 312-22.

Consonant system:

   p t k
b d ɡ
    č
    s š
    n ñ
    l ʎ
    r

Stops: p b t d k ɡ

Affricates: č

Fricatives: s š

Nasals: n ñ

Laterals: l ʎ

Vibrants: r

Glides: j

Vowel system:

i u
e o
a

Front Vowels: i e

Central Vowels: a

Back Vowels: u o

Long Vowels: v̄

Tones: tones

Syntax: VSO

Number: 5042

Language: Chatino

Dialect: Panixtlahuaca

Location: S Mexico (Oaxaca)

Population: 20,000

Classification: Amerind: Central: Oto-Manguean: Zapotec

Other Sources: Angulo, Jaime de and L. S. Freeland. 1935. "The Zapotekan Linguistic Group," IJAL 8, 1-38 & 111-30.

Consonant system:

Tones: tones

Pronouns:

1 4ie
2 5
3

Syntax: VSO NA NG ND/DN NUM-N N-POSS Num+N+A

Prep/Post: PREP

Number: 5043

Language: Zapotec

Dialect: Isthmus

Location: S Mexico (S Oaxaca)

Population: 300,000

Classification: Amerind: Central: Oto-Manguean: Zapotec

Dictionary:

Pickett, Velma, et al. 1965. Vocabulario zapateco del Istmo. Mexico City: SIL.

Other Sources:

Angulo, Jaime de and L. S. Freeland. 1935. "The Zapotekan Linguistic Group," IJAL 8, 1-38 & 111-30.
Pickett, Velma. 1953, 1955. "Isthmus Zapotec Verb Analysis I-II," IJAL 19, 292-6; 21, 217-32.

Consonant system:

   p t k ʔ
b d ɡ
    t^s č
̌ ɡ̌
(f) s š x (h)
    z ž
m n (ñ)
    l
B ɾ (r)
B is a voiced bilabial trill

Stops: p b t d k ɡ ʔ

Affricates: t^s č ɡ̌

Fricatives: (f) s z š ž x (h)

Nasals: m n (ñ)

Laterals: l

Vibrants: B (voiced bilabial trill) ɾ (r)

Modified Consonants: c̄ n l r w

Glides: j w

Vowel system:

i u
e o
a

Front Vowels: i e

Central Vowels: a

Back Vowels: u o

Long Vowels: v̄ all

Modified Vowels: v̰ (larynɡealized) all

Tones: hi lo lo-ris

Stress: penult

Noun Number: s p

Articles: def indef

Pronouns:

1 4ie
2 5
3hai 6hai
h=hum a=anim i=inan

Syntax: VSO NA NG ND NUM-N POSS-N/N-POSS

Noun Incorporation: noun incorp

Prep/Post: PREP

Number: 5044

Language: Zapotec

Dialect: Mitla

Location: S Mexico (Oaxaca)

Population: 300,000

Classification: Amerind: Central: Oto-Manguean: Zapotec

Grammar: Briggs, Elinor. 1961. Mitla Zapotec Grammar. Mexico City: SIL.

Consonant system:

   p t k kʷ ʔ
b d ɡ ɡʷ
(f) s ṣ̌ x h
    z ẓ̌
(m) n
    l
    ɾ

Stops: p b t d k ɡ kʷ ɡʷ ʔ

Fricatives: (f) s z ṣ̌ ẓ̌ x h

Nasals: (m) n

Laterals: l

Vibrants: ɾ

Modified Consonants: c̄ (fortis) m n l r

Glides: j w

Vowel system:

i u
e o
æ a

Front Vowels: i e æ

Central Vowels: a

Back Vowels: u o

Syllable: (C)(C)(C)(C)V(C)(C)(C)

Tones: hi lo

Stress: final

Noun Number: s p

Syntax: VSO/SVO NA(AN) NG NUM-N POSS-N/N-POSS

Number: 5045

Language: Zapotec

Dialect: Villa Alta

Location: S Mexico (Oaxaca)

Population: 300,000

Classification: Amerind: Central: Oto-Manguean: Zapotec

Other Sources:

Pike, Eunice Victoria. 1948. "Problems in Zapotec Tone Analysis," IJAL 14, 161-70.
Leal, Mary. 1950. "Patterns of Tone Substitution in Zapotec Morphology," IJAL 16, 132-6.
E

Consonant system:

   p t k kʷ ʔ
b d ɡ ɡʷ
    č
̌ ɡ̌
(f) s ṣ s ̌ (x) (xʷ)
    z ẓ ž
    n
    l
    (ɾ) (r) ṛ ṛʷ

Stops: p b t d k ɡ kʷ ɡʷ ʔ

Affricates: č ɡ̌

Fricatives: (f) s z ṣ ẓ š ž (x) (xʷ)

Nasals: n

Laterals: l

Vibrants: (ɾ) (r) ṛ ṛʷ

Modified Consonants: c̄ m n l

Glides: j

Vowel system:

i ɯ
e o
a

Front Vowels: i e

Central Vowels: a

Back Vowels: ɯ o

Tones: hi mid lo ris fall

Pronouns:

1 4ie
2 5
3mfai
politeness: fam/respect (3)

Syntax: VSO

Number: 5046

Language: Zapotec

Dialect: Rincon

Location: S Mexico (Oaxaca)

Population: 300,000

Classification: Amerind: Central: Oto-Manguean: Zapotec

Other Sources:

Earl, Robert. 1968. "Rincon Zapotec Clause," IJAL 34, 269-74.
E

Consonant system:

p t k ʔ b d ɡ t^sč d^zɡ̌ (f) s š h z ž (m) n (ñ) l r

Stops: p b t d k ɡ ʔ

Affricates: t^s d^zč ɡ̌

Fricatives: (f) s z š ž h

Nasals: (m) n (ñ)

Laterals: l

Vibrants: r

Glides: j w

Vowel system:

i ɯ u
e o
æ a

Front Vowels: i e æ

Central Vowels: a

Back Vowels: u ɯ o

Syntax: VOS NA NG ND POSS-N/N-POSS

Prep/Post: PREP

Number: 5047

Language: Zapotec

Dialect: Sierra

Location: S Mexico (N Oaxaca)

Population: 300,000

Classification: Amerind: Central: Oto-Manguean: Zapotec

Other Sources:

Nellis, Jane Goodner. 1947. "Sierra Zapotec Forms of Address," IJAL 13, 231-2.
E

Consonant system:

   p t k kʷ ʔ
    t^sč
f θ s ṣ̌ x
v ð ẓ̌ ɣ
m n
    l
    ɾ r

Stops: p t k kʷ ʔ

Affricates: t^sč

Fricatives: f v θ ð s ṣ̌ ẓ̌ x ɣ

Nasals: m n

Laterals: l

Vibrants: ɾ r

Glides: w

Vowel system:

i u
e o
a

Front Vowels: i e

Central Vowels: a

Back Vowels: o u

Nasal Vowels: ı̃ ã ũ

Tones: hi mid lo

Stress: penult

Syntax: VSO

Number: 5048

Language: Zapotec

Dialect: Coatlan

Location: S Mexico (Oaxaca)

Population: 300,000

Classification: Amerind: Central: Oto-Manguean: Zapotec

Grammar: Robinson, Dow F. 1963. Field Notes on Coatlan Zapotec. HSL 7.

Consonant system:

   p t̪ k kʷ ʔ
b ^mb d̪ ⁿd̪ ɡ ^ŋɡ ɡʷ ^ŋɡʷ
    t^sč
    ɡ̌^ñɡ̌
    s š
    z ž
m n̪ ŋ
    l̪
    (ɾ)

Stops: p b ^mb t̪ d̪ ⁿd̪ k ɡ ^ŋɡ kʷ ɡʷ ^ŋɡʷ ʔ

Affricates: t^sč ɡ̌^ñɡ̌

Fricatives: s z š ž

Nasals: m n̪ ŋ

Laterals: l̪

Vibrants: (ɾ)

Glides: j w

Vowel system:

i u
e o
ɔ
æ a

Front Vowels: i e æ

Central Vowels: a

Back Vowels: o u ɔ

Long Vowels: ī ē ǣ ā ū ō ɔ̄

Nasal Vowels:

ı̃ ã ɔ̃
ı̃̄ ã̄ ũ̄ ɔ̃̄

Syllable: (C)CV(C)(C)

Tones: hi mid lo hi-fall lo-ris mid-fall

Pronouns:

1 4ie
2 5
3hA 6gs
h=hum A=animal g=general s=specific
politeness: fam/respect (2)

Syntax: VSO AN/NA N-POSS

Number: 5049

Language: Zapotec

Dialect: Choapan

Location: S Mexico (Oaxaca)

Population: 300,000

Classification: Amerind: Central: Oto-Manguean: Zapotec

Other Sources:

Lyman, Larry. 1964. "The Verb Syntegmemes of Choapan Zapotec," Linguistics 7, 16-41.
E

Consonant system:

   p t k kʷ k^j b d ɡ ɡʷ ɡ^j
    t^s č
    d^z ɡ̌
    s š h
    z ž
m n ñ
    l
    ɾ

Stops: p b t d k ɡ kʷ k^j ɡʷ ɡ^j

Affricates: t^s d^zč ɡ̌

Fricatives: s z š ž h

Nasals: m n ñ

Laterals: l

Vibrants: ɾ

Glides: j w

Vowel system:

i u
e o
ɛ
a

Front Vowels: i e ɛ

Central Vowels: a

Back Vowels: u o

Tones: hi mid low

Syntax: VSO

Number: 5050

Language: Zapotec

Dialect: Lachixio

Location: S Mexico (NE Oaxaca)

Population: 300,000

Classification: Amerind: Central: Oto-Manguean: Zapotec

Other Sources: Persons, David. 1979. "Plot Structure in Lachixio Zapotec Discourse," in DSML, 123-40.

Consonant system:

   p t k kʷ k^{j
m}b ⁿd ^ŋɡ
    t^sč
f s š h
β ð z ⁿz ž
m n ñ
    l
    ɾ

Stops: p ^mb t ⁿd k ^ŋɡ kʷ k^j

Affricates: t^sč

Fricatives: β f ð s z ⁿz š ž h

Nasals: m n ñ

Laterals: l

Vibrants: ɾ

Glides: j w

Vowel system:

i u
e
a

Front Vowels: i e

Central Vowels: a

Back Vowels: u

Long Vowels: v̄ all

Modified Vowels:

v^ʔ (checked) all
v^ʔv(interrupted): all

Tones: hi hi-mid lo-mid lo + glides

Syntax: VSO NG NUM-N N-POSS

Prep/Post: PREP

Number: 5051

Language: Zapotec

Dialect: Yatzachi

Location: S Mexico (Oaxaca)

Population: 300,000

Classification: Amerind: Central: Oto-Manguean: Zapotec

Other Sources: Butler, Inez. 1976. "Reflexive Constructions of Yatzachi Zapotec," IJAL 42, 331-7.

Consonant system:

   p t k kʷ ʔ
b d ɡ ɡʷ
    č
    ɡ̌
    s ṣ̌ š x
    z ẓ̌ ž ʁ ʁʷ
m n
    l
    ɾ

Stops: p b t d k ɡ kʷ ɡʷ ʔ

Affricates: č ɡ̌

Fricatives: s z ṣ̌ ẓ̌ š ž x ʁ ʁʷ

Nasals: m n

Laterals: l

Vibrants: ɾ

Modified Consonants: c̄ n l

Glides: j

Vowel system:

i
e ǝ o
a

Front Vowels: i e

Central Vowels: ǝ a

Back Vowels: o

Noun Number: s p

Articles: def

Pronouns:

1 4ie
2 5
3hai 6hai
h=hum a=animate i=inanimate
politeness: 3h & 6h have two forms each: (1)respectful, (2)familiar

Syntax: VSO NA NG ND NUM-N N-POSS

Prep/Post: PREP

Number: 5052

Language: Zapotec

Dialect: Juchitan-Tehauno

Location: S Mexico (Oaxaca)

Classification: Amerind: Central: Oto-Manguean: Zapotec

Other Sources:

Radin, Paul. 1946. "Zapotec Texts: Dialect of Juchitan-Tehauno," IJAL 12, 152-72.
E

Consonant system:

   p t k k^j ʔ
b d ɡ ɡ^j
    č
    ɡ̌
    θ s š x
β ð z ž ɣ
m n ŋ
    l
    ɾ r^ž

Stops: p b t d k ɡ k^j ɡ^j ʔ

Affricates: č ɡ̌

Fricatives: β θ ð s z š ž x ɣ

Nasals: m n ŋ

Laterals: l

Vibrants: ɾ r^ž

Vowel system:

i u
e o
a

Front Vowels: i e

Central Vowels: a

Back Vowels: u o

Long Vowels: v̄ all

Nasal Vowels: ṽ all

Modified Vowels: v̤ (ɡlottalized) all

Tones: hi lo mid

Syntax: VSO

Number: 5053

Language: Mangue

Location: Nicaragua

Population: extinct

Classification: Amerind: Central: Oto-Manguean: Manguean

Consonant system:

Number: 5054

Language: Chiapanec

Location: S Mexico (Chiapas)

Population: extinct

Classification: Amerind: Central: Oto-Manguean: Manguean

Other Sources:

CTIL 11, 467.
E

Consonant system:

   p t k ʔ
^mb ⁿd ^ŋɡ
    č
̌ ^ñɡ̌
    s h
m n
    l
    r

Stops: p ^mb t ⁿd k ^ŋɡ ʔ

Affricates: č ^ñɡ̌

Fricatives: s h

Nasals: m n

Laterals: l

Vibrants: r

Glides: j w

Vowel system:

i u
e
a

Front Vowels: i e

Central Vowels: a

Back Vowels: u

Long Vowels: v̄ ?

Tones: tones

Number: 5055

Language: Tarascan

Alternate Name: Purépecha

Location: SW Mexico (Michoacán)

Population: 50,000

Classification: Amerind: Chibchan

Dictionary: Swadesh, Mauricio. 1969. Elementos del tarasco antiguo. Mexico City: Univ Nacional Autónoma de México.

Grammar: Foster, Mary Le Cron. 1969. The Tarascan Language. UCPL 56.

Other Sources:

Foster, Mary Le Cron 1971 "Tarascan," in SAIL, 77-111.
Friedrich, Paul. 1975. A Phonology of Tarascan. Chicago: Dept of Anthropology, Univ of Chicago.

Consonant system:

   p p^h t̪ t̪^h k k^h
(b) (d̪) (ɡ)
    t̪^st̪^sh č č^h
(f) s š x
m n (ñ)
    (l)
    ɾ ɾ̣

Stops: p p^h (b) t̪ t̪^h (d̪) k k^h (ɡ)

Affricates: t̪^st̪^sh č č^h

Fricatives: (f) s š x

Nasals: m n (ñ)

Laterals: (l)

Vibrants: ɾ ɾ̣

Glides: j w

Vowel system:

i ɨ u
ɛ o
a

Front Vowels: i ɛ

Central Vowels: ɨ a

Back Vowels: u o

Long Vowels: v̄ all

Syllable: (C)(C)(C)V(C)

Stress: phonemic

Noun Number: s p

Demonstratives: 2

Articles: def

Pronouns:

1 4
2 5
3 6
[4=6]

Syntax: SVO AN GN/NG DN NUM-N POSS-N/N-POSS

Prep/Post: POST

Number: 5056

Language: Cuitlatec

Location: Mexico (Guerrero)

Population: extinct (c. 1965)

Classification: Amerind: Chibchan

Grammar: GD: Escalante Hernandez, Roberto. 1962 El Cuilateco. Mexico City: Instituto Nacional de Antropologı́a e Historia.

Consonant system:

   p t k kʷ ʔ
    č
(f) (s) š h
β ð ɣ
m n
    l ɬ
    (ɾ) (r)

Stops: p t k kʷ ʔ

Affricates: č

Fricatives: β (f) ð (s) š ɣ h

Nasals: m n

Laterals: l ɬ

Vibrants: (ɾ) (r)

Glides: j w

Vowel system:

i ɨ u
e o
a

Front Vowels: i e

Central Vowels: ɨ a

Back Vowels: u o

Stress: phonemic

Number: 5057

Language: Xinca

Location: SE Guatemala

Population: 100

Classification: Amerind: Chibchan

Other Sources:

McArthur, Harry. 1966. "Xinca," in LG, 309-12.
Campbell, Lyle. 1972. "Mayan Loan Words in Xinca," IJAL 38, 187-90.
CTIL 11, p. 468.

Consonant system:

   p p^ʔ t t^ʔ k k^ʔ ʔ
    t^sʔ (č)
    ṣ h
m n
    l ɬ
    ɾ

Stops: p p^ʔ t t^ʔ k k^ʔ ʔ

Affricates: t^sʔ (č)

Fricatives: ṣ h

Nasals: m n

Laterals: l ɬ

Vibrants: ɾ

Glides: j w

Vowel system:

i ɨ u
e o
a

Front Vowels: i e

Central Vowels: ɨ a

Back Vowels: u o

Long Vowels: v̄

Modified Vowels: vowel harmony

Stress: on vowel before last consonant of word

Articles: def

Syntax: VOS AN GN/NG DN

Prep/Post: PREP

Comments: "quite moribund. . . known only by old people.''

Number: 5058

Language: Lenca

Location: SW Honduras

Classification: Amerind: Chibchan

Other Sources: Kaufman, Terrence. 1973. "Areal Linguistics and Middle America," CTIL 11, 459-83.

Consonant system:

   p p^ʔ t t^ʔ k k^ʔ ʔ
    s š
m n
    l
    r

Stops: p p^ʔ t t^ʔ k k^ʔ ʔ

Fricatives: s š

Nasals: m n

Laterals: l

Vibrants: r

Glides: j w

Vowel system:

i u
e o
a

Front Vowels: i e

Central Vowels: a

Back Vowels: u o

Stress: penalt

Articles: def

Syntax: SOV

Number: 5059

Language: Paya

Location: N Honduras

Classification: Amerind: Chibchan

Other Sources:

E
WPF

Consonant system:

Pronouns:

1 4ie
2 5
3 6

Syntax: SOV

Number: 5060

Language: Sanuma

Alternate Name: Waica

Location: NW Brazil

Population: 25,000

Classification: Amerind: Chibchan: Yanomam

Other Sources: Borgman, Donald M. 1974. "Deep and Surface Case in Sanuma," Linguistics 132, 5-18.

Consonant system:

   p t k
    t^s
    s h
m n
    l

Stops: p t k

Affricates: t^s

Fricatives: s h

Nasals: m n

Laterals: l

Glides: w

Vowel system:

i ɨ u
e o
a

Front Vowels: i e

Central Vowels: ɨ a

Back Vowels: u o

Nasal Vowels: ṽ all

Modified Vowels: nasal harmony

Stress: antepenult

Noun Number: s p

Pronouns:

1 4ie
2 5
3
4i=5

Syntax: SOV NA GN DN POSS-N

Ergative: erg

Prep/Post: POST