Albright, Sue. 1965. "Aykamteli Higher-Level Phonology," AL 7:7, 16-22. AMAZ
Consonant system:
p t k f s š h m n ľ
Stops:p t k
Fricatives:f s š h
Nasals:m n
Laterals:ľ
Glides:j w
Vowel system:
i ɨ u e ǝ o a
Front Vowels:i e
Central Vowels:ɨ ǝ a
Back Vowels:u o
Nasal Vowels:ṽ all
Syntax:SOV
Number:5062
Language:Yanomami
Location:N Brazil (Amazonas)
Classification:Amerind: Chibchan: Yanomam
Other Sources:E
Consonant system:
Syntax:SOV
Number:5063
Language:Yanomamö
Location:N Brazil (Amazonas)
Classification:Amerind: Chibchan: Yanomam
Other Sources:AMAZ
Consonant system:
Syntax:SOV
Number:5064
Language:Ninam
Alternate Name:Shiriana
Location:SE Venezuela
Population:25,000
Classification:Amerind: Chibchan: Yanomam
Other Sources:
Borgman, Donald M. 1963. "Sentence and Clause Types in Central Waica (Shiriana)" IJAL 29, 222-229. Migliazza, Ernest and Joseph E. Grimes. 1961. "Shiriana Phonology" AL 3:6, 31-41. WPF
Consonant system:
p t th k (č) (ɸ) s š h m n ɾ
Stops:p t th k
Affricates:(č)
Fricatives:(ɸ) s š h
Nasals:m n
Vibrants:ɾ
Glides:j w
Vowel system:
i ɨ u e ǝ o a
Front Vowels:i e
Central Vowels:ɨ ǝ a
Back Vowels:u o
Nasal Vowels:ṽ all
Modified Vowels:vowel harmony
Syllable:(C)(C)V(C), Nˈ
Demonstratives:2
Pronouns:
1 4 2 5 3hH 6
Syntax:SOV NA DN POSS-N
Number:5065
Language:Motilon
Location:N Colombia
Classification:Amerind: Chibchan: Chibchan Proper: Western
Consonant system:
Number:5066
Language:Cuna
Alternate Name:Kuna
Location:Panama
Population:20,000
Classification:Amerind: Chibchan: Chibchan Proper: Western
Grammar:Holmer, Nils M. 1946. "Outline of Cuna Grammar," IJAL 12, 185-97.
Other Sources:Forster, Keith. 1977. "The Narrative Folklore Discourse in Border Cuna," in DG II, 1-23.
Consonant system:
p t k kʷ č s m n l r
Stops:p t k kʷ
Affricates:č
Fricatives:s
Nasals:m n
Laterals:l
Vibrants:r
Modified Consonants:c̄ all but s
Glides:j w
Vowel system:
i u e o a
Front Vowels:i e
Central Vowels:a
Back Vowels:u o
Stress:on-phonemic
Noun Number:s p
Demonstratives:3
Pronouns:
1 4 2 5 *3 *6
Syntax:SOV NA GN DN N-NUM POSS-N
Prep/Post:POST
Number:5067
Language:Matagalpa
Location:Nicaragua
Population:extinct
Classification:Amerind: Chibchan: Misumalpan
Consonant system:
Number:5068
Language:Miskito
Location:Honduras
Population:15,000 (1929)
Classification:Amerind: Chibchan: Misumalpan
Dictionary:Heath, G. R. and W. G. Marx. 1953. Diccionario miskito-español, español-miskito. Tegucigalpa, Honduras: Calderon.
Other Sources:
Consemius, Edward. 1929. "Notes on the Miskito and Sumu Languages of Eastern Nicaragua and Honduras," IJAL 5, 57-115. Heath, G. R. 1950. "Miskito Glossary, With Ethnographic Commentary," IJAL 16, 20-34.
Consonant system:
p t k b d ɡ (ɡ̌) s x m n l r
Stops:p b t d k ɡ
Affricates:(ɡ̌)
Fricatives:s x
Nasals:m n
Laterals:l
Vibrants:r
Glides:j w
Vowel system:
i u (e) (o) a
Front Vowels:i (e)
Central Vowels:a
Back Vowels:u (o)
Long Vowels:ī ā ū
Diphthongs:ai au
Stress:initial
Noun Number:s p
Demonstratives:2
Articles:def
Pronouns:
1 4ie 2 5 3 6
Syntax:SOV NA GN DN N-NUM POSS-N(3)/N-POSS(1,2)
Prep/Post:POST
Number:5069
Language:Sumo
Location:Honduras
Population:3,500 (1929)
Classification:Amerind: Chibchan: Misumalpan
Other Sources:Conzemius, Eduard. 1929. "Notes on the Miskito and Sumu Languages of Eastern Nicaragua and Honduras," IJAL 5, 57-115.
Consonant system:
Noun Number:s p
Demonstratives:3
Articles:def indef
Pronouns:
1 4ie 2 5 3 6
Syntax:SOV NA GN DN N-NUM
Prep/Post:POST
Number:5070
Language:Rama
Location:Nicaragua
Classification:Amerind: Chibchan: Rama
Other Sources:WALS
Consonant system:
Syntax:SOV
Number:5071
Language:Guatuso
Location:N Costa Rica
Population:150
Classification:Amerind: Chibchan: Rama
Consonant system:
Number:5072
Language:Guetar
Location:Costa Rica
Population:extinct
Classification:Amerind: Chibchan: Rama
Consonant system:
Number:5073
Language:Cabecar
Location:SE Costa Rica
Population:2,000
Classification:Amerind: Chibchan: Talamanca
Dictionary:Arroyo, Victor Manuel. 1972. Lenguas indı́genas costarricenses. San José, Costa Rica: Educa.
Other Sources:
Jones, Aziel W. and Marian Jones. 1959. "The Segmental Phonemes of Chirripó," Actas del XXXIII Congreso Internacional de Americanistas 2, 580-3. Jones, Aziel W. 1974. "La clave del verbo en la lengua cabécar," AI 34, 333-9.
Consonant system:
p ph t th k kh b ts č ɡ̌ f s š x m n ñ ̌ l r
Stops:p ph b t th k kh
Affricates:ts č ɡ̌
Fricatives:f s š x
Nasals:m n ñ
Laterals:̌l
Vibrants:r
Glides:w
Vowel system:
i u e ǝ o a
Front Vowels:i e
Central Vowels:ǝ a
Back Vowels:u o
Nasal Vowels:ĩ ẽ ã ũ õ
Tones:hi lo
Noun Number:s p
Demonstratives:3
Articles:def
Pronouns:
1 4 2 5 3 6
Syntax:SOV NA GN POSS-N
Prep/Post:POST
Number:5074
Language:Bribri
Dialect:Lari
Location:S Costa Rica
Population:5,000
Classification:Amerind: Chibchan: Talamanca
Dictionary:Arroyo, Victor Manuel. 1972. Lenguas indı́genas costarricenses. San José, Costa Rica: Educa.
Other Sources:Schlabach, Raymond A. 1974. "Los fonemas del bribri del Valle de Talamanca," AI 34, 355-62.
Consonant system:
p hp t̪ ht̪ c k hk (ʔ) b d̪ tshts č hč ɡ̌ s š m n ñ (ŋ) ľ Nasal consonants are analyzed as allophones of b d ɡ̌.
Stops:p hp b t̪ ht̪ d̪ c k hk (ʔ)
Affricates:tshts č hč ɡ̌
Fricatives:s š
Nasals:m n ñ (ŋ) (nasal consonants are analyzed as allophones of b d ɡ̌)
Laterals:ľ
Glides:j w
Vowel system:
i u I ʋ e o a
Front Vowels:i I e
Central Vowels:a
Back Vowels:u ʋ o
Nasal Vowels:ṽ all but I ʋ
Syllable:(C)V(C)
Stress:non-phonemic
Noun Number:s p
Demonstratives:3
Articles:def
Pronouns:
1 4 2 5 3 6
Syntax:SOV NA GN POSS-N
Prep/Post:POST
Number:5075
Language:Bribri
Dialect:Salitre
Location:S Costa Rica
Population:5,000
Classification:Amerind: Chibchan: Talamanca
Dictionary:Arroyo, Victor Manuel. 1972. Lenguas indı́genas costarricenses. San José, Costa Rica: Educa.
Other Sources:
Wilson, Jack L. 1974. "Análisis fonológico del bribri," AI 34, 341-53. WPF
Consonant system:
p t k ʔ b d č ɡ̌ s š h m n ñ ɾ r ṛ Nasal consonants are analyzed as allophones of b d ɡ̌.
Stops:p b t d k ʔ
Affricates:č ɡ̌
Fricatives:s š h
Nasals:m n ñ (nasal consonants are analyzed as allophones of b d ɡ̌)
Vibrants:ɾ r ṛ
Glides:j w
Vowel system:
i u I ʋ e o a
Front Vowels:i I e
Central Vowels:a
Back Vowels:u ʋ o
Nasal Vowels:ṽ all but I ʋ
Syllable:(C)(C)(C)V(C)
Tones:hi lo
Pronouns:
1 4ie 2 5 3 6
Number:5076
Language:Teribe
Location:NW Panama (Bocas del Toro)
Population:1,000
Classification:Amerind: Chibchan: Talamanca
Dictionary:Arroyo, Victor Manuel. 1972. Lenguas indı́genas costarricenses. San José: Costa Rica: Educa.
Other Sources:
Koontz, Carol and Joanne Anderson. 1977. "Connectives in Teribe," in DG II, 95-131. Koontz, Carol. 1977. "Features of Dialogue within Narrative Discourse in Teribe," in DG III, 111-132. E
Consonant system:
p t k b d ɡ č s š x z ž m n ñ ŋ l r ṛ
Stops:p b t d k ɡ
Affricates:č
Fricatives:s z š ž x
Nasals:m n ñ ŋ
Laterals:l
Vibrants:r ṛ
Glides:j w
Vowel system:
i u I ʋ e ǝ o a
Front Vowels:i I e
Central Vowels:ǝ a
Back Vowels:u ʋ o
Nasal Vowels:ĩ ẽ ã ũ õ
Demonstratives:3
Pronouns:
1 4de 4i 2 5 3 6
Syntax:SOV/OVS NA GN ND N-NUM POSS-N
Prep/Post:POST
Number:5077
Language:Borunca
Location:S Costa Rica
Classification:Amerind: Chibchan: Talamanca
Grammar:Arroyo, Victor Manuel. 1972. Lenguas indigenas costarricenses. San José, Costa Rica: Educa.
Consonant system:
p t k ʔ b d ɡ ts č s š x h m n ŋ r
Stops:p b t d k ɡ ʔ
Affricates:ts č
Fricatives:s š x h
Nasals:m n ŋ
Vibrants:r
Glides:j w
Vowel system:
i u e o ɛ a
Front Vowels:i e ɛ
Central Vowels:a
Back Vowels:u o
Long Vowels:short vowels ĕ ă ŭ ŏ
Nasal Vowels:ã
Noun Number:s p
Demonstratives:3
Pronouns:
1 4 2 5 3 6
Syntax:SOV GN DN NUM-N POSS-N
Prep/Post:(PREP)/POST
Number:5078
Language:Guaymi
Alternate Name:Ngäbere
Location:N Panama
Population:25,000
Classification:Amerind: Chibchan: Guaymi
Grammar:GD: Alphonse, Ephraim S. 1956. Guaymı́ Grammar and Dictionary. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office.
