A global linguistic database : Query result

Number: 5141

Language: Zaparo

Location: E Ecuador

Population: 50

Classification: Amerind: Andean: Cahuapanan-Zaparoan: Zaparoan

Grammar: Peeke, Catherine. 1962. "Structural Summary of Zaparo," in SEIL I, 125-216.

Consonant system:

   p t k ʔ
    t^s č
    s š h
m n
    r

Stops: p t k ʔ

Affricates: t^s č

Fricatives: s š h

Nasals: m n

Vibrants: r

Glides: j w

Vowel system:

   i ɯ
    o
    a

Front Vowels: i

Central Vowels: a

Back Vowels: ɯ o

Noun Number: s p

Gender: m f non-personal

Pronouns:

1 4ie
2 5
3xX 6
x=personal X=impersonal

Syntax: SVO AN GN POSS-N

Prep/Post: POST

Comments: All bilingual in Quechua.

Number: 5142

Language: Andoa

Alternate Name: Shimigae

Location: Peru

Classification: Amerind: Andean: Cahuapanan-Zaparoan: Zaparoan

Other Sources: Peeke, Catherine and Mary Sargent. 1959. "Pronombres personales en shimigae," in Estudios acerca de las lenguas huarani (auca), shimigae y zápara, Quito, 18-28.

Consonant system:

   p t k kʷ ʔ
    d
    t^s č
    s š h
m n
    r

Stops: p t d k kʷ ʔ

Affricates: t^s č

Fricatives: s š h

Nasals: m n

Vibrants: r

Glides: j w

Vowel system:

i ɨ u
a

Front Vowels: i

Central Vowels: ɨ a

Back Vowels: u

Long Vowels: ṽ all

Number: 5143

Language: Arabela

Location: N Peru

Population: 50

Classification: Amerind: Andean: Cahuapanan-Zaparoan: Zaparoan

Other Sources:

Rich, Furne. 1963. "Arabela Phonemes and High-Level Phonology," SPIL I, 193-206.
E

Consonant system:

   p t k
    s š h̃
m n
    ɾ

Stops: p t k

Fricatives: s š h̃

Nasals: m n

Vibrants: ɾ

Glides: j w

Vowel system:

   i u
I
    o
    a

Front Vowels: i I

Central Vowels: a

Back Vowels: u o

Long Vowels: v̄ all

Syllable: (C)(G)V(G)

Stress: non-phonemic

Syntax: SOV POSS-N

Prep/Post: POST

Number: 5144

Language: Cahuarano

Location: N Peru

Classification: Amerind: Andean: Cahuapanan-Zaparoan: Zaparoan

Consonant system:

Number: 5145

Language: Iquito

Location: NE Peru

Classification: Amerind: Andean: Cahuapanan-Zaparoan: Zaparoan

Other Sources: Eastman, Robert and Elizabeth Eastman. 1963. "Iquito Syntax," SPIL I, 145-92.

Consonant system:

   p t k
    s h̃
m n
    r

Stops: p t k

Fricatives: s h̃

Nasals: m n

Vibrants: r

Glides: j w

Vowel system:

i ɯ u
a

Front Vowels: i

Central Vowels: a

Back Vowels: u ɯ

Long Vowels: v̄ all

Syllable: (C)V

Tones: hi lo

Demonstratives: 1

Articles: def indef

Pronouns:

1 4ie
2 5
3 6

Syntax: SVO AN GN DN NUM-N POSS-N D+A+N

Prep/Post: POST

Number: 5146

Language: Quechua A

Alternate Name: Southern Quechua

Dialect: Puyo Pongo

Location: E Ecuador

Population: 3 million

Classification: Amerind: Andean: Quechuan

Dictionary: Orr, Carolyn and Betsy Wrisley. 1965. Vocabulario quichua. Quito: SIL.

Other Sources: Orr, Carolyn. 1962. "Ecuador Quichua Phonology," in SEIL I, 60-77.

Consonant system:

   p t k
b d ɡ
    t^s č
    d^z ɡ̌
    s š h
m n ñ
    l ʎ
    ɾ

Stops: p b t d k ɡ

Affricates: t^s d^z č ɡ̌

Fricatives: s š h

Nasals: m n ñ

Laterals: l ʎ

Vibrants: ɾ

Modified Consonants: c^j p t k

Glides: j w

Vowel system:

i u
a

Front Vowels: i

Central Vowels: a

Back Vowels: u

Syllable: (C)V(C)

Stress: penult

Noun Number: s p

Syntax: SOV AN GN NUM-N

Prep/Post: POST

Number: 5147

Language: Quechua A

Alternate Name: Southern Quechua

Dialect: Inga

Location: SW Colombia

Population: 3 million

Classification: Amerind: Andean: Quechuan

Grammar: Levinsohn, Stephen H. 1976. The Inga Language. The Hague: Mouton.

Consonant system:

   p t̪ k
(b) (d̪) (ɡ)
    (t̪^s) č
    s̪ (š)
m n̪ ñ
    l̪ ʎ
    ɾ̣

Stops: p (b) t̪ (d̪) k (ɡ)

Affricates: (t̪^s) č

Fricatives: s̪ (š)

Nasals: m n̪ ñ

Laterals: l̪ ʎ

Vibrants: ɾ̣

Glides: j w

Vowel system:

i u
a

Front Vowels: i

Central Vowels: a

Back Vowels: u

Syllable: (C)(C)V(C)

Stress: "phonemic, but grammatically predictable." Levinsohn, p. 29.

Demonstratives: 3

Syntax: SOV AN GN DN NUM-N POSS-N

Prep/Post: POST

Comments: Most northern Quechua language in South America.

Number: 5148

Language: Quechua A

Alternate Name: Southern Quechua

Dialect: Cuzco

Location: SE Peru (Cuzco)

Population: 3 million

Classification: Amerind: Andean: Quechuan

Grammar: Cusihuaman, Antonio G. 1976. Gramática quechua: Cuzco-Collao. Lima: Ministerio de Educacion.

Consonant system:

   p p^h p^ʔ t t^h t^ʔ k k^h k^ʔ q q^h q^ʔ (b) (d) (ɡ)
    č č^h č^ʔ
    s š x
m n ñ
    l ʎ
    ɾ

Stops: p p^h p^ʔ (b) t t^h t^ʔ (d) k k^h k^ʔ (ɡ) q q^h q^ʔ

Affricates: č č^h č^ʔ

Fricatives: s š x

Nasals: m n ñ

Laterals: l ʎ

Vibrants: ɾ

Glides: j w

Vowel system:

i u
e o
a

Front Vowels: i e

Central Vowels: a

Back Vowels: u o

Syllable: (C)V(C)(C)

Stress: penult

Noun Number: s p

Demonstratives: 3

Pronouns:

1 4ie
2 5
3 6

Syntax: SOV AN GN DN NUM-N N-POSS

Prep/Post: POST

Number: 5149

Language: Quechua A

Alternate Name: Southern Quechua

Dialect: Santiago del Estero

Location: N Argentina

Population: 3 million

Classification: Amerind: Andean: Quechuan

Dictionary: Bravo, Domingo A. 1967. Diccionario quichua santiagueño-castellano. Buenos Aires: Instituto Amigos del Libro Argentino.

Other Sources: GSAIL, 49.

Consonant system:

   p t k q
    d
    č
    s š h
    ž
m n ñ
    l
    ɾ̣

Stops: p t d k q

Affricates: č

Fricatives: s š ž h

Nasals: m n ñ

Laterals: l

Vibrants: ɾ̣

Glides: j w

Vowel system:

i u
(e) (o)
a

Front Vowels: i (e)

Central Vowels: a

Back Vowels: u (o)

Number: 5150

Language: Quechua A

Alternate Name: Southern Quechua

Dialect: Ayacucho

Location: S Peru

Population: 3 million

Classification: Amerind: Andean: Quechuan

Grammar:

GD: Parker, Gary John. 1969. Ayacucho Quechua Grammar and Dictionary. The Hague: Mouton.
Soto Ruiz, Clodoaldo. 1976. Gramática quechua: Ayacucho-chanca. Lima: Ministerio de Educacion.

Consonant system:

   p t k
(b) (d) (ɡ)
    č
(f) s x χ
m n ñ
    l ʎ
    ɾ ɹ̣

Stops: p (b) t (d) k (ɡ)

Affricates: č

Fricatives: (f) s x χ

Nasals: m n ñ

Laterals: l ʎ

Vibrants: ɾ ɹ̣

Glides: j w

Vowel system:

i u
(e)(o)
a

Front Vowels: i (e)

Central Vowels: a

Back Vowels: u (o)

Syllable: (C)V(C)

Stress: penult

Noun Number: s p

Demonstratives: 3

Pronouns:

1 4ie
2 5
3 6

Syntax: SOV AN GN DN NUM-N POSS-N/N-POSS D+Num+A+N

Prep/Post: POST

Number: 5151

Language: Quechua A

Alternate Name: Southern Quechua

Dialect: San Martin

Location: Peru

Population: 3 million

Classification: Amerind: Andean: Quechuan

Grammar: Coombs, David, Heidi Coombs and Robert Weber. 1976. Gramatica quechua San Martin. Lima: Ministerio de Educacion.

Consonant system:

   p t k
(b) (d) (ɡ)
    č
̌ ɡ̌
(f) s š h
m n ñ
    (l)
    ɾ (r)

Stops: p (b) t (d) k (ɡ)

Affricates: č ɡ̌

Fricatives: (f) s š h

Nasals: m n ñ

Laterals: (l)

Vibrants: ɾ (r)

Glides: j w

Vowel system:

i u
e o
a

Front Vowels: i (e)

Central Vowels: a

Back Vowels: u (o)

Syllable: (C)V(C)

Stress: penult

Noun Number: s p

Demonstratives: 2

Pronouns:

1 [4di] 4ie
2 5
3 6

Syntax: SOV AN GN DN NUM-N N-POSS D+Num+A+N

Prep/Post: POST

Number: 5152

Language: Quechua A

Alternate Name: Southern Quechua

Dialect: Bolivian

Location: Bolivia

Population: 3 million

Classification: Amerind: Andean: Quechuan

Grammar: GD: Urioste, Jorge and Joaquı́n Herrero. 1955. Gramatica de la lengua quechua y vocabulario quechua-castellano, castellano-quechua. La Paz: Canata.

TextBooks:

Bills, Garland D., Bernardo Vallejo C. and Rudolphe C. Troike. 1969. An Introduction to Spoken Bolivian Quechua. Austin: Univ of Texas Press.
Albo, Xavier. n.d. El quechua a su alcance, 2 vols. Bolivia: USAID.

Consonant system:

   p p^h p^ʔ t̪ t̪^h t̪^ʔ k k^h k^ʔ q q^h q^ʔ(b) (d̪) (ɡ)
    č č^h č^ʔ
(f) s̪ š h
m n̪ ñ
    l̪ ʎ
    ɾ (r)

Stops: p p^h p^ʔ (b) t̪ t̪^h t̪^ʔ (d̪) k k^h k^ʔ (ɡ) q q^h q^ʔ

Affricates: č č^h č^ʔ

Fricatives: (f) s̪ š h

Nasals: m n̪ ñ

Laterals: l̪ ʎ

Vibrants: ɾ (r)

Glides: j w

Vowel system:

i u
(e) (o)
a

Front Vowels: i (e)

Central Vowels: a

Back Vowels: u (o)

Stress: penult

Noun Number: s p

Demonstratives: 3

Pronouns:

1 4ie
2 5
3 6

Syntax: SOV AN GN DN NUM-N N-POSS D+Num+A+N

Prep/Post: POST

Number: 5153

Language: Quechua B

Alternate Name: Northern Quechua

Dialect: Huancayo

Location: Peru (Huancayo)

Population: 3 million

Classification: Amerind: Andean: Quechuan

Other Sources:

Chacón, Sihuay Jorge. 1973. Quechua Wanka, vol. 1. Lima: Univ Nacional Mayor de San Marcos.
Cerron, Rodolfo. 1967. "Fonologia del Wanka," in Quatro fonologias quechuas," Lima, Univ Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 53-80.
E

Consonant system:

   p t k ʔ
(b) (d) (ɡ)
    č̣ č
(ɸ) s ṣ̌ š h
    ẓ̌
m n ñ
    l ʎ
    ɾ (r)

Stops: p (b) t (d) k (ɡ) ʔ

Affricates: č̣ č

Fricatives: (ɸ) s ṣ̌ ẓ̌ š h

Nasals: m n ñ

Laterals: l ʎ

Vibrants: ɾ (r)

Glides: j w

Vowel system:

i u
a

Front Vowels: i

Central Vowels: a

Back Vowels: u

Long Vowels: v̄ all

Syllable: (C)V(C)

Stress: penult

Syntax: SOV

Number: 5154

Language: Quechua B

Alternate Name: Northern Quechua

Dialect: Caraz

Location: Peru

Population: 3 million

Classification: Amerind: Andean: Quechuan

Other Sources:

Parker, Gary. 1967. "Fonologia y morfofonemica del quechua de Caraz," in Quatro fonologias quechuas," Lima, Univ Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 25-40.
E

Consonant system:

   p t k q
(b) (d) (ɡ)
    t^s č
(f) s š h
m n (ñ)
    l ʎ
    ɾ ɹ̣

Stops: p (b) t (d) k (ɡ) q

Affricates: t^s č

Fricatives: (f) s š h

Nasals: m n (ñ)

Laterals: l ʎ

Vibrants: ɾ ɹ̣

Glides: j w

Vowel system:

i u
e o
a

Front Vowels: i e

Central Vowels: a

Back Vowels: u o

Long Vowels: v̄ all

Syllable: (C)V(C)

Stress: non-phonemic

Syntax: SOV

Number: 5155

Language: Quechua B

Alternate Name: Northern Quechua

Dialect: Ancash

Location: Peru (Ancash)

Population: 3 million

Classification: Amerind: Andean: Quechuan

Grammar: Parker, Gary J. 1976. Gramatica quechua qncash-quailas. Lima: Ministerio de Educacion.

Consonant system:

   p t k q
(b) (d) (ɡ)
    t^s č̣ č
(f) s š h
m n ñ
    l ʎ
    ɾ (r)

Stops: p (b) t (d) k (ɡ) q

Affricates: t^s č̣ č

Fricatives: (f) s š h

Nasals: m n ñ

Laterals: l ʎ

Vibrants: ɾ (r)

Glides: j w

Vowel system:

i u
(e) (o)
a

Front Vowels: i (e)

Central Vowels: a

Back Vowels: u (o)

Long Vowels: v̄ all

Syllable: (C)V(C)

Stress: penult

Noun Number: s p

Demonstratives: 4: this/that/yonder/far away

Pronouns:

1 4ie
2 5
3 6

Syntax: SOV AN GN DN NUM-N N-POSS D+Num+A+N

Prep/Post: POST

Number: 5156

Language: Aymara

Location: Bolivia

Population: 1 million

Classification: Amerind: Andean: Aymaran

Dictionary: Miranda, Pedro. 1970. Diccionario breve: castellaño-aymara, aymara-castellaño. La Paz: El Siglo.

Grammar:

GD: Ebbing, Juan Enrique. 1965. Gramatica y diccionario aimara. La Paz: Don Bosco.
Tarifa Ascarrunz, Erasmo. 1969. Gramatica de la langua aymara. La Paz: Don Bosco.

TextBooks: Grondin, Marcelo N. 1973. Metodo de aymara. Oruro, Bolivia: Rodriguez-Muriel.

Consonant system:

   p p^h p^ʔ t t^h t^ʔ k k^h k^ʔ q q^h q^ʔ
    č č^h č^ʔ
    s χ h
m n ñ
    l ʎ
    r

Stops: p p^h p^ʔ t t^h t^ʔ k k^h k^ʔ q q^h q^ʔ

Affricates: č č^h č^ʔ

Fricatives: s χ h

Nasals: m n ñ

Laterals: l ʎ

Vibrants: r

Glides: j w

Vowel system:

i u
(e) (o)
a

Front Vowels: i (e)

Central Vowels: a

Back Vowels: u (o)

Long Vowels: v̄ all

Diphthongs: au eu iu aj uj ja ju

Stress: penult

Noun Number: s p

Demonstratives: 4: this/that/that yonder/that far away

Articles: def indef

Pronouns:

1 4ie
2 5
3 6

Syntax: SOV AN GN DN NUM-N N-POSS D+A+N

Prep/Post: POST

Number: 5157

Language: Jaqaru

Location: C Peru

Population: 2,000

Classification: Amerind: Andean: Aymaran

Grammar: Hardman, M. J. 1966. Jaqaru. The Hague: Mouton.

Other Sources: WPF

Consonant system:

   p p^h p^ʔ t t^h t^ʔ c c^h c^ʔ k k^h k^ʔ q q^h q^ʔ
    t^s t^sh t^sʔ č̣ č̣^h č̣^ʔ č č^h č^ʔ
    s š h
m n ñ ŋ
    l ʎ
    ɾ

Stops: p p^h p^ʔ t t^h t^ʔ c c^h c^ʔ k k^h k^ʔ q q^h q^ʔ

Affricates: t^s t^s^h t^sʔ č̣ č̣^h č̣^ʔ č č^h č^ʔ

Fricatives: s š h

Nasals: m n ñ ŋ

Laterals: l ʎ

Vibrants: ɾ

Glides: j w

Vowel system:

i u
a

Front Vowels: i

Central Vowels: a

Back Vowels: u

Long Vowels: v̄ all

Syllable: (C)V

Stress: penult

Noun Number: s (p) (pl is emphatic and optional)

Demonstratives: 3

Pronouns:

1 4ie
2 5
3 6
1=4e, 2=5, 3=6

Syntax: SOV AN GN DN NUM-N N-POSS D+Num+A+N

Prep/Post: POST

Number: 5158

Language: Puelche

Alternate Name: Pampa

Location: Argentina (Pampas)

Population: 5

Classification: Amerind: Andean: Southern: Puelche

Grammar: Barbará, Federico. 1944. Manual o vocabulario de al lengua pampa. Buenos Aires: Emecé.

Consonant system:

   p t k
    d ɡ
    č
f s š ɣ h

m n̪ ñ
    l̪ ʎ
    r

Stops: p t d k ɡ

Affricates: č

Fricatives: f s š ɣ h

Nasals: m n̪ ñ

Laterals: l̪ ʎ

Vibrants: r

Glides: j

Vowel system:

i u
e ǝ o
a

Front Vowels: i e

Central Vowels: ǝ a

Back Vowels: u o

Stress: non-phonemic (penult or final)

Noun Number: s p

Demonstratives: 3

Pronouns:

1 4d 4
2 5d 5
*3

Syntax: AN/(NA) NUM-N POSS-N/(N-POSS)

Prep/Post: PREP/POST

Number: 5159

Language: Mapudungu

Alternate Name: Araucanian

Location: Chile (Cantнn)

Population: 208,000

Classification: Amerind: Andean: Southern: Mapudungu

Dictionary: Erize, Esteban. 1960. Diccionario comentado mapuche-español. Buenos Aires: Cuadernos del Sur.

Other Sources:

Suárez, Jorge A. 1959. "The Phonemes of an Araucanian DIalect," IJAL 25. 177-81.
Echeverrı́a Weasson, Sergio. 1963. Descripcı́on fonológica del mapuche. Concepción, Chile: Univ of Concepcı́on.
Echeverrı́a, Max S. and Heles Contreras. 1965. "Araucanian Phonemics," IJAL 31, 132-5.
Fontanella, Marı́a Beatriz. 1967. "Componential Analysis of Personal Affixes in Araucanian," IJAL 33, 305-8.

Consonant system:

   p t̪ t k
    ṭ^rč
ɸ θ s
m n̪ n ñ ŋ
    l̪ l ʎ
    ɹ̣

Stops: p t̪ t k

Affricates: ṭ^rč

Fricatives: ɸ θ s

Nasals: m n̪ n ñ ŋ

Laterals: l̪ l ʎ

Vibrants: ɹ̣

Glides: j w

Vowel system:

i ɯ u
ɛ ɔ
a

Front Vowels: i ɛ

Central Vowels: a

Back Vowels: u ɯ ɔ

Syllable: (C)V(C)

Stress: 2nd syllable

Noun Number: s d p

Demonstratives: 3

Articles: def

Pronouns:

1 4d 4
2 5d 5
3 6d 6

Syntax: SVO AN DN NUM-N POSS-N

Prep/Post: PREP/POST

Number: 5160

Language: Huilliche

Location: S Chile (Valdivia)

Classification: Amerind: Andean: Southern: Mapudungu

Consonant system: