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Total of 5736 records 287 pages

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\data\typol\typology
Number: 5301
Language: Parakanã
Location: NC Brazil (Pará)
Classification: Amerind: Equatorial: Tupi: Tupi-Guarani: Group I: Tenetehara
Consonant system:

   




Number: 5302
Language: Urubu
Alternate Name: Urubú-Kaapor
Location: NE Brazil (Maranhao)
Classification: Amerind: Equatorial: Tupi: Tupi-Guarani: Group I: Tenetehara
Other Sources:

   WALS
E

Consonant system:

   




Syntax: SOV/OSV
Number: 5303
Language: Guarani
Dialect: Paraguayan
Location: Paraguay
Population: 2.5 million
Classification: Amerind: Equatorial: Tupi: Tupi-Guarani: Group I: Tupi
Dictionary: Jover Peralta, Anselmo and Tomas Osuna. 1952. Diccionario guarani-español y español-guarani. Buenos Aires: Tupa.
Grammar: Guasch, Antonio. 1956. El idioma guaranı́: Gramatica y antologı́a de prosa y verso. Asuncion: Casa América.
Consonant system:

   p t k ʔ
mb nd ɡ ŋɡ
    ɡ̌
    s š h
v
m n ñ
    (l)
    ɾ

Stops: p mb t nd k ɡ ŋɡ ʔ
Affricates: ɡ̌
Fricatives: v s š h
Nasals: m n ñ
Laterals: (l)
Vibrants: ɾ
Vowel system:

   i ɯ u
e o
    a

Front Vowels: i e
Central Vowels: a
Back Vowels: u ɯ o
Long Vowels: v̄ a o u only
Nasal Vowels: ṽ all
Modified Vowels: v̄̃ e only
Stress: phonemic
Noun Number: s p
Demonstratives: 3
Pronouns:

   1 4ie
2 5
3 6

Syntax: SVO NA GN DN N-NUM POSS-N
Prep/Post: POST
Number: 5304
Language: Guarani
Dialect: Bolivian
Location: SE Bolivian (Cordillera)
Population: 2.5 million
Classification: Amerind: Equatorial: Tupi: Tupi-Guarani: Group I: Tupi
Grammar:

   Rosbottom, Harry. 1967. "Guarani," in BIG II, 99-194. [also in GELB I, 121-278]
Gregores, Emma and Jorge A. Suárez. 1967. A Description of Colloquial Guarani. The Hague: Mouton.

Other Sources: Rosbottom, Harry. 1968. "Phonemes of the Guarani Language,' Linguistics 41, 109-13.
Consonant system:

   p t k ʔ
    ɡʷ
    č
    s h
β
m n ñ ŋ
ɾ

Stops: p t k ɡʷ ʔ
Affricates: č
Fricatives: β s h
Nasals: m n ñ ŋ
Vibrants: ɾ
Glides: j w
Vowel system:

   i ɨ u
e o
    a

Front Vowels: i e
Central Vowels: ɨ a
Back Vowels: u o
Nasal Vowels: ṽ all
Modified Vowels: nasal harmony
Syllable: (C)V
Stress: phonemic
Noun Number: s p
Demonstratives: 3
Pronouns:

   1 4ie
2 5
3

Syntax: SVO NA GN DN NUM-N POSS-N D+N+A
Prep/Post: POST
Comments: "The Guarani of Bolivia and that of Paraguay are less alike than Spanish and Portuguese." Rosbottom 1968, p. 109. There are only 15,000 speakers of Guarani in Bolivia. It is not clear to what extent the differences between the two phonological systems displayed here result from questions of interpretation and to what extent they represent genuine differences between the dialects (languages?). MR
Number: 5305
Language: Kaiwa
Location: W Brazil (Mato Grasso)
Population: 30,000
Classification: Amerind: Equatorial: Tupi: Tupi-Guarani: Group I: Tupi
Other Sources:

   Bridgeman, Loraine I. 1961. "Kaiwa (Guarani) Phonology," IJAL 27, 329-34.
Harrison, Carl H. 1971. "Nasalization in Kaiwá," in TS, 15-20.
AMAZ

Consonant system:

   p t k kʷ ʔ
mb nd ŋɡ ŋɡʷ
ñɡ̌
    s š h
v
m n ñ ŋ ŋʷ
    ɾ

Stops: p mb t nd k ŋɡ kʷ ŋɡʷ ʔ
Affricates: ñɡ̌
Fricatives: v s š h
Nasals: m n ñ ŋ ŋʷ
Vibrants: ɾ
Vowel system:

   i ɨ u
ɛ o
    a

Front Vowels: i ɛ
Central Vowels: ɨ a
Back Vowels: u o
Nasal Vowels: ṽ all
Modified Vowels: nasal harmony
Diphthongs: diphthonɡs
Syllable: (C)V
Stress: final
Syntax: VOS
Number: 5306
Language: Tapiete
Location: NW Paraguay
Classification: Amerind: Equatorial: Tupi: Tupi-Guarani: Group I: Tupi
Consonant system:

   




Number: 5307
Language: Guarayu
Location: EC Bolivia
Classification: Amerind: Equatorial: Tupi: Tupi-Guarani: Group I: Tupi
Other Sources: E
Consonant system:

   




Syntax: SOV
Number: 5308
Language: Nhengatu
Alternate Name: Icua Tupi
Location: NW Brazil (Amazonas)
Population: 30,000
Classification: Amerind: Equatorial: Tupi: Tupi-Guarani: Group I: Tupi
Grammar: Fernandes, Adaucto. 1960. Gramática Tupi. Rio de Janeiro: A. Coelho Branco.
Other Sources: Abrahamson, Arne. 1968. "Contrastive Distribution of Phoneme Classes in Içuã Tupi," AL 10:6, 11-21.
Consonant system:

   p t k ʔ
b d ɡ
    ɡ̌
    h
m n ñ ŋ
    ɾ

Stops: p b t d k ɡ ʔ
Affricates: ɡ̌
Fricatives: h
Nasals: m n ñ ŋ
Vibrants: ɾ
Glides: j ȷ̃ w w̃
Vowel system:

   i ɯ u
ɛ ɔ
    a

Front Vowels: i ɛ
Central Vowels: a
Back Vowels: u ɯ ɔ
Nasal Vowels: ṽ all
Syllable: (C)(G)V(G)
Stress: phonemic (mostly penult, also antepenult)
Demonstratives: 3
Syntax: NA POSS-N
Number: 5309
Language: Potiguara
Location: EC Brazil (Rio Grande do Norte)
Population: extinct
Classification: Amerind: Equatorial: Tupi: Tupi-Guarani: Group I: Tupi
Consonant system:

   




Number: 5310
Language: Cocama
Location: NE Peru
Population: 10,000
Classification: Amerind: Equatorial: Tupi: Tupi-Guarani: Group II
Dictionary: Wille, Norma Faust. 1959. "Vocabulario breve del idioma cocama (tupi)," Perú Indı́gena 18-19, 150-8.
Other Sources:

   Faust, Norma. 1971. "Cocama Clause Types,' in TS, 73-105.
E

Consonant system:

   p t k
(b) (d) (ɡ)
    ts č
(f) s š (h)
m n
    (l)
    r

Stops: p (b) t (d) k (ɡ)
Affricates: ts č
Fricatives: (f) s š (h)
Nasals: m n
Laterals: (l)
Vibrants: r
Glides: j w
Vowel system:

   i ɨ u
(e) (o)
    a

Front Vowels: i (e)
Central Vowels: ɨ a
Back Vowels: u (o)
Syllable: (C)(C)V(C)
Stress: final/penult
Syntax: SOV GN DN NUM-N POSS-N
Prep/Post: POST
Number: 5311
Language: Omagua
Location: N Peru
Classification: Amerind: Equatorial: Tupi: Tupi-Guarani: Group II
Consonant system:

   




Number: 5312
Language: Mawe
Alternate Name: Maue
Location: C Brazil (Pará)
Classification: Amerind: Equatorial: Tupi: Tupi-Guarani: Group III
Consonant system:

   




Pronouns:

   1 4
2 5
3 6

Number: 5313
Language: Munduruku
Location: C Brazil (Pará)
Population: 1,250
Classification: Amerind: Equatorial: Tupi: Tupi-Guarani: Group III
Other Sources:

   Braun, Ilse and Marjorie Crofts. 1965. "Munduruku Phonology," AL 7:7, 23-39.
WALS

Consonant system:

   p t k ʔ
b
    č
    ɡ̌
    s š h
m n ŋ
    ɾ

Stops: p b t k ʔ
Affricates: č ɡ̌
Fricatives: s š h
Nasals: m n ŋ
Vibrants: ɾ
Glides: j w
Vowel system:

   I ɨ ʋ
ɛ ǝ
    a

Front Vowels: I ɛ
Central Vowels: ɨ ǝ a
Back Vowels: ʋ
Nasal Vowels: ṽ all
Syllable: (C)V(C)
Tones: hi mid lo lo-glott
Syntax: SOV
Number: 5314
Language: Siriono
Location: NE Bolivia (Beni)
Population: 600
Classification: Amerind: Equatorial: Tupi: Tupi-Guarani: Group III
Dictionary:

   Schermair, Anselmo E. 1958,1962. Vocabulario sirionó-castellano, Vocabulario castellano-sirionó. Innsbruck: Univ Innsbruck.

Grammar:

   Firestone, Homer L. 1965. Description and Classification of Siriono. The Hague: Mouton.
Priest, Perry N. and Anne M. Priest. 1967. "Siriono," in BIG 2, 195-255. [also in GELB I, 281-373.]

Other Sources: Priest, Perry. 1968. "Phonemes of the Sirionó Language," Linguistics 41, 102-8.
Consonant system:

   p t k kj
 b
    č
    s š h
m n ñ ŋ
    ɾ

Stops: p b t k kj
Affricates: č
Fricatives: s š h
Nasals: m n ñ ŋ
Vibrants: ɾ
Glides: j w
Vowel system:

   i ɨ u
e o
    a

Front Vowels: i e
Central Vowels: ɨ a
Back Vowels: u o
Long Vowels: v̄
Nasal Vowels:

   ṽ all but u
v̄̃

Syllable: (C)V
Stress: phonemic (but mostly penult)
Demonstratives: 2
Pronouns:

   1 4ie
2 5
3

Syntax: SOV/(SVO) NA GN DN POSS-N
Prep/Post: POST
Number: 5315
Language: Kuruaya
Location: NC Brazil (Pará)
Classification: Amerind: Equatorial: Tupi: Tupi-Guarani: Group III
Other Sources: WPF
Consonant system:

   




Pronouns:

   1 4ie
2 ?
3 6

Number: 5316
Language: Katembri
Location: E Brazil (Alagoas)
Classification: Amerind: Equatorial: Macro-Arawakan
Consonant system:

   




Number: 5317
Language: Otomaco
Location: C Venezuela (Apure)
Population: extinct
Classification: Amerind: Equatorial: Macro-Arawakan
Consonant system:

   




Number: 5318
Language: Tinigua
Location: E Colombia
Classification: Amerind: Equatorial: Macro-Arawakan: Tiniguan
Other Sources: WPF
Consonant system:

   




Pronouns:

   1 4
2 5
3 6

Number: 5319
Language: Pamigua
Location: E Colombia
Population: extinct
Classification: Amerind: Equatorial: Macro-Arawakan: Tiniguan
Consonant system:

   




Number: 5320
Language: Churuya
Location: E Colombia
Population: extinct
Classification: Amerind: Equatorial: Macro-Arawakan: Guahiban
Consonant system:

   




typology-language,typology-location,typology-classifica,typology-consonants,typology-language,typology-alternaten,typology-location,typology-classifica,typology-othersourc,typology-consonants,typology-syntax,typology-language,typology-dialect,typology-location,typology-population,typology-classifica,typology-dictionary,typology-grammar,typology-consonants,typology-stops,typology-affricates,typology-fricatives,typology-nasals,typology-laterals,typology-vibrants,typology-vowels,typology-frontvowel,typology-centralvow,typology-backvowels,typology-longvowels,typology-nasalvowel,typology-modifiedvo,typology-stress,typology-nounnumber,typology-demonstrat,typology-pronouns,typology-syntax,typology-preppost,typology-language,typology-dialect,typology-location,typology-population,typology-classifica,typology-grammar,typology-othersourc,typology-consonants,typology-stops,typology-affricates,typology-fricatives,typology-nasals,typology-vibrants,typology-glides,typology-vowels,typology-frontvowel,typology-centralvow,typology-backvowels,typology-nasalvowel,typology-modifiedvo,typology-syllable,typology-stress,typology-nounnumber,typology-demonstrat,typology-pronouns,typology-syntax,typology-preppost,typology-comments,typology-language,typology-location,typology-population,typology-classifica,typology-othersourc,typology-consonants,typology-stops,typology-affricates,typology-fricatives,typology-nasals,typology-vibrants,typology-vowels,typology-frontvowel,typology-centralvow,typology-backvowels,typology-nasalvowel,typology-modifiedvo,typology-diphthongs,typology-syllable,typology-stress,typology-syntax,typology-language,typology-location,typology-classifica,typology-consonants,typology-language,typology-location,typology-classifica,typology-othersourc,typology-consonants,typology-syntax,typology-language,typology-alternaten,typology-location,typology-population,typology-classifica,typology-grammar,typology-othersourc,typology-consonants,typology-stops,typology-affricates,typology-fricatives,typology-nasals,typology-vibrants,typology-glides,typology-vowels,typology-frontvowel,typology-centralvow,typology-backvowels,typology-nasalvowel,typology-syllable,typology-stress,typology-demonstrat,typology-syntax,typology-language,typology-location,typology-population,typology-classifica,typology-consonants,typology-language,typology-location,typology-population,typology-classifica,typology-dictionary,typology-othersourc,typology-consonants,typology-stops,typology-affricates,typology-fricatives,typology-nasals,typology-laterals,typology-vibrants,typology-glides,typology-vowels,typology-frontvowel,typology-centralvow,typology-backvowels,typology-syllable,typology-stress,typology-syntax,typology-preppost,typology-language,typology-location,typology-classifica,typology-consonants,typology-language,typology-alternaten,typology-location,typology-classifica,typology-consonants,typology-pronouns,typology-language,typology-location,typology-population,typology-classifica,typology-othersourc,typology-consonants,typology-stops,typology-affricates,typology-fricatives,typology-nasals,typology-vibrants,typology-glides,typology-vowels,typology-frontvowel,typology-centralvow,typology-backvowels,typology-nasalvowel,typology-syllable,typology-tones,typology-syntax,typology-language,typology-location,typology-population,typology-classifica,typology-dictionary,typology-grammar,typology-othersourc,typology-consonants,typology-stops,typology-affricates,typology-fricatives,typology-nasals,typology-vibrants,typology-glides,typology-vowels,typology-frontvowel,typology-centralvow,typology-backvowels,typology-longvowels,typology-nasalvowel,typology-syllable,typology-stress,typology-demonstrat,typology-pronouns,typology-syntax,typology-preppost,typology-language,typology-location,typology-classifica,typology-othersourc,typology-consonants,typology-pronouns,typology-language,typology-location,typology-classifica,typology-consonants,typology-language,typology-location,typology-population,typology-classifica,typology-consonants,typology-language,typology-location,typology-classifica,typology-othersourc,typology-consonants,typology-pronouns,typology-language,typology-location,typology-population,typology-classifica,typology-consonants,typology-language,typology-location,typology-population,typology-classifica,typology-consonants,
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