Dictionary:Hancock, Ian F. 1973. "Malacca Creole Portuguese: A Brief Transformational Outline," Te Reo 16, 23-44.
Consonant system:
p t k b d ɡ č ɡ̌ f s (š) z m n ñ ŋ l r
Stops:p b t d k ɡ
Affricates:č ɡ̌
Fricatives:f s z (š)
Nasals:m n ñ ŋ
Laterals:l
Vibrants:r
Glides:j w
Vowel system:
i u e ǝ o a
Front Vowels:i e
Central Vowels:ǝ a
Back Vowels:u o
Diphthongs:ai au eu iu oi ia iǝ ua ue uǝ
Demonstratives:3
Articles:indef
Pronouns:
1 4 2 5 3 6
Syntax:SVO NA/(AN) GN DN NUM-N POSS-N
Prep/Post:PREP
Number:5723
Language:Timor Pidgin
Location:Timor Lorosae
Population:extinct
Classification:Portuguese-Based Pidgin
Consonant system:
Number:5724
Language:Crioulo
Location:Guinea-Bissau
Population:159,000
Classification:Portuguese-Based Creole
Consonant system:
Number:5725
Language:Crioulo
Dialect:São Tomé
Location:São Tomé e Prı́ncipe
Population:159,000 (8,000)
Classification:Portuguese-Based Creole
Consonant system:
Number:5726
Language:Crioulo
Location:Senegal
Population:159,000 (46,000)
Classification:Portuguese-Based Creole
Other Sources:Doneux, J. L. n.d. Les systèmes phonologiques des langues de Casamance. Dakar: Centre de Linguistique Appliqué.
Consonant system:
p t c k b d ɟ ɡ f s (v) (z) m n ñ ŋ l r
Stops:p b t d c ɟ k ɡ
Fricatives:f (v) s (z)
Nasals:m n ñ ŋ
Laterals:l
Vibrants:r
Glides:j w
Vowel system:
i u e o ɛ ɔ a
Front Vowels:i e ɛ
Central Vowels:a
Back Vowels:u o ɔ
Nasal Vowels:ı̃ ɛ̃ ã ũ ɔ̃
Number:5727
Language:Fa d'Ambu
Alternate Name:Annobonesa
Location:Equatorial Guinea (Annobon Is)
Population:1,800
Classification:Portuguese-Based Creole
Grammar:Barrena, Natalio. 1957. Gramatica annobonesa. Madrid: Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas.
Consonant system:
p t k b mb d nd ɡ č f s š x (h) v z ž m n ñ l (r)
Stops:p b mb t d nd k ɡ
Affricates:č
Fricatives:f v s z š ž x (h)
Nasals:m n ñ
Laterals:l
Vibrants:(r)
Glides:j
Vowel system:
i u ʋ e ǝ o ɛ a
Front Vowels:i e ɛ
Central Vowels:ǝ a
Back Vowels:u ʋ o
Long Vowels:ē ā
Nasal Vowels:ã
Demonstratives:3
Articles:indef
Pronouns:
1 4 2 5 3 6
Syntax:SVO NA NG ND N-NUM N-POSS
Prep/Post:PREP
Number:5728
Language:Papiamento
Location:Indonesia
Population:200,000
Classification:Portuguese-Based Creole
Dictionary:Hassell, E. A. 1953. English-Papiamento, Papiamento-English Dictionary. Aruba, Netherlands West Indies: The Lago Oil and Transport Co.
Consonant system:
Noun Number:s p
Demonstratives:3
Articles:def indef
Pronouns:
1 4 2 5 3 6
Syntax:SVO NA(AN) GN/NG DND
Prep/Post:PREP
Number:5729
Language:Cafundo Creole
Location:Brazil
Classification:Portuguese-Based Creole
Consonant system:
Number:5730
Language:Russo-Norsk
Location:NW Russia
Population:extinct
Classification:Russian/Norwegian-Based Pidgin
Consonant system:
Number:5731
Language:Naga Pidgin
Location:NE India (Assam)
Classification:Assamese-Based Creole
Other Sources:Sreedhar, M. V. 1976. "Standardization of Naga Pidgin," AL 18, 371-9.
Consonant system:
p ph t th k kh b b̤ d d̤ ɡ ɡ̤ č čh ɡ̌ (ɡ̤̌) s š h m n ŋ l r
Stops:p ph b b̤ t th d d̤ k kh ɡ ɡ̤
Affricates:č čh ɡ̌ (ɡ̤̌)
Fricatives:s š h
Nasals:m n ŋ
Laterals:l
Vibrants:r
Glides:j w
Vowel system:
i u e o a
Front Vowels:i e
Central Vowels:a
Back Vowels:u o
Noun Number:s p
Syntax:SOV AN DN NUM-N D+A+N
Prep/Post:POST
Number:5732
Language:Bazaar Malay
Location:Malaysia
Classification:Malay-Based Creole
Consonant system:
Number:5733
Language:Hiri Motu
Alternate Name:Police Motu
Location:SE PNG (Central)
Population:20,000
Classification:Motu-Based Pidgin
Dictionary:Brett, R. R. 1962. A Dictionary of Police Motu. Port Moresby: SIL.
Grammar:Chatterton, P. 1972. Hiri Motu (Police Motu). Port Moresby: Unevangelized Fields Mission Press.
TextBooks:Wurm, S. A. and J. B. Harris. 1963. Police Motu. PL 81.
Consonant system:
p t k b d ɡ s h v m n r
Stops:p b t d k ɡ
Fricatives:v s h
Nasals:m n
Vibrants:r
Vowel system:
i u e o a
Front Vowels:i e
Central Vowels:a
Back Vowels:u o
Diphthongs:ei ai oi eu au ou
Syllable:(C)V
Noun Number:s [p]
Demonstratives:2
Pronouns:
1 4ie 2 5 3 6
Syntax:SOV NA GN DN N-NUM POSS-N N+A+Num
Prep/Post:POST
Comments:Police Motu is a pigin based on Motu, and is widely spoken in the southern half of PNG. In recent years, however, its use as a lingua franca has been encroached upon by the growing popularity of Melanesian Pidgin English.
Number:5734
Language:Chinook Jargon
Location:Washington
Population:50
Classification:Chinook-Based Pidgin
Other Sources:
Grant, Rena V. 1945. "Chinook Jargon," IJAL 11, 225-33. Thomason, Sarah Grey. 1983. "Chinook Jargon in Areal and Historical Context," Lg 59, 820-70.
Consonant system:
p pʔ t tʔ k kʔ kʷ kʔʷq qʔ qʷ qʔʷ ʔ b d ɡ ts tsʔ tlʔ č (čʔ) s š x xʷ χ χʷ m n (ŋ) l ɬ r
Stops:p pʔ b t tʔ d k kʔ ɡ kʷ kʔʷ q qʔ qʷ qʔʷ ʔ
Affricates:ts tsʔ tlʔ č (čʔ)
Fricatives:s š x xʷ χ χʷ
Nasals:m n (ŋ)
Laterals:l ɬ
Vibrants:r
Glides:j w
Vowel system:
i u e ǝ o a
Front Vowels:i e
Central Vowels:ǝ a
Back Vowels:u o
Stress:phonemic, but mostly word initial
Syntax:SVO AN GN DN NUM-N POSS-N
Prep/Post:PREP
Comments:"A pidgin used as a lingua franca from northern California to southern Alaska. Based on Chinook, but with Nootka, French and English as major donor languages." Voegelin & Voegelin, p. 116.
Number:5735
Language:Esperanto
Classification:Invented by Luding L. Zamenhof in 1887
Dictionary:Wells, J.C. 1969. Esperanto and English Dictionary. London: The English Universities Press.
Grammar:Reed. Ivy Kellerman. 1968. Esperanto: A Complete Grammar. Metuchen, N.J.: The Scarecrow Press.
TextBooks:Klukowski, Stanley A. 1956. Esperanto for Amerians. Milwaukee: Esperanto Institute of America.
