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Number: 61
Language: Shirumba
Alternate Name: Shwai
Location: C Sudan (Nuba Hills)
Population: 2,800
Classification: Niger-Kordofanian: Kordofanian: Heiban: West-Central: Shirumba
Other Sources: SK 1
Consonant system: p t̪ t k b d̪ d ɟ ɡ (ɸ) š v m n ñ ŋ l r ɾ̣
Stops: p b t̪ d̪ t d ɟ k ɡ
Fricatives: (ɸ) v š
Nasals: m n ñ ŋ
Laterals: l
Vibrants: r ɾ̣
Modified Consonants: c̄
Glides: j w
Vowel system: i u I ǝ ʋ ɛ ɐ ɔ a
Front Vowels: i I ɛ
Central Vowels: ǝ ɐ a
Back Vowels: u ʋ ɔ
Long Vowels: v̄ all
Diphthongs: aw iw ɛj ia
Tones: hi lo fall?
Noun Number: s p
Noun Classes: noun classes
Demonstratives: 2
Pronouns: 1 4im 4if 4em 4ef 2 5 3 6 "The meanings of the various forms of the first person plural remain doubtful. In particular the masculine/feminine contrast does not recur elsewhere in the HEIBAN group, whereas dual and plural are commonly distinguished. On this point, I now suspect a misunderstanding between my informant (a lady with a little daughter) and myself." SK 1, 83.
Syntax: ND N-POSS
Number: 62
Language: Tiro
Location: C Sudan (Nuba Hills)
Population: 10,000
Classification: Niger-Kordofanian: Kordofanian: Heiban: West-Central: Western
Consonant system: p t̪ t c k b d̪ d ɟ ɡ (f) v m n ñ ŋ l r ɾ̣
Stops: p b t̪ d̪ t d c ɟ k ɡ
Fricatives: (f) v
Nasals: m n ñ ŋ
Laterals: l
Vibrants: r ɾ̣
Modified Consonants: c̄
Glides: j w
Vowel system: i u I ǝ ʋ ɛ ɐ ɔ a ɒ
Front Vowels: i I ɛ
Central Vowels: ǝ ɐ a
Back Vowels: u ʋ ɔ ɒ
Long Vowels: v̄ all but I ǝ ɒ
Diphthongs: ej aw
Tones: hi lo fall
Noun Number: s p
Noun Classes: noun classes
Pronouns: 1 4die 4ie 2 5d 5 3 6
Syntax: SVO/(VSO [with one aspect]) NA NG ND N-POSS
Number: 63
Language: Moro
Location: C Sudan (Nuba Hills)
Population: 30,000
Classification: Niger-Kordofanian: Kordofanian: Heiban: West-Central: Western
Other Sources: SK 1
Consonant system: p t̪ t c k b d̪ d ɟ ɡ f s m n ñ ŋ l r ɾ̣
Stops: p b t̪ d̪ t d c ɟ k ɡ
Fricatives: f s
Nasals: m n ñ ŋ
Laterals: l
Vibrants: r ɾ̣
Modified Consonants: c̄ cʷ ? "phonological status . . . not clear"
Glides: j w
Vowel system: i u I ʋ ɛ ǝ ɔ a
Front Vowels: i I ɛ
Central Vowels: ǝ a
Back Vowels: u ʋ ɔ
Long Vowels: ī ē ɛ̄ ɐ̄ ā ū ʋ̄ ɔ̄
Diphthongs: aj aw ej ow
Tones: hi lo fall
Noun Number: s p
Noun Classes: noun classes
Pronouns: 1 4di 4ie 2 5 3 6
Syntax: N-POSS
Number: 64
Language: Moro
Dialect: Umm Dorein
Location: C Sudan (Nuba Hills)
Population: 30,000 (460)
Classification: Niger-Kordofanian: Kordofanian: Heiban: West-Central: Western
Grammar: GD: Black, K. 1971. The Moro Language: Grammar and Dictionary. Khartoum.
Consonant system: p t̪ ṭ k (ʔ) b d̪ ḍ ɡ č ɡ̌ f θ̄ s ð m n ñ ŋ l ḷ̌ r
Stops: p b t̪ d̪ ṭ ḍ k ɡ (ʔ)
Affricates: č ɡ̌
Fricatives: f θ̄ ð s
Nasals: m n ñ ŋ
Laterals: l ḷ̌
Vibrants: r
Modified Consonants: c̄ p θ n ŋ l r cʷ all but ɡ̌ f s N c b t̪ d̪ ṭ ḍ k ɡ
Glides: j w
Vowel system: i u e ǝ ɤ o a
Front Vowels: i e
Central Vowels: ǝ a
Back Vowels: u o ɤ
Diphthongs: ei ɤi ɤu oi ai au
Syllable: (C)(C)V(C) nˈ rˈ
Stress: non-phonemic
Noun Number: s p
Noun Classes: 12 (unduplicated objects, liquids, seasons, relatives, body parts, animals, personal names)
Demonstratives: 3
Syntax: SVO NA NG ND N-NUM N-POSS N+D+Num+A
Prep/Post: PREP/POST
Number: 65
Language: Tegem
Alternate Name: Lafofa
Location: C Sudan (Nuba Hills)
Classification: Niger-Kordofanian: Kordofanian: Talodi
Other Sources: SK 2
Consonant system: p t̪ t c k b d̪ d ɟ ɡ m n ñ ŋ l r ɾ̣
Stops: p b t̪ d̪ t d c ɟ k ɡ
Nasals: m n ñ ŋ
Laterals: l
Vibrants: r ɾ̣
Modified Consonants: k̄ m̄ l̄
Glides: j w
Vowel system: i u I ʋ ɛ ǝ ɔ a
Front Vowels: i I ɛ
Central Vowels: ǝ a
Back Vowels: u ʋ ɔ
Long Vowels: v̄ all but ǝ
Tones: hi lo fall ris downstep
Noun Number: s p
Noun Classes: noun classes
Pronouns: 1 4 2mfc 5 3mfn 6
Syntax: SOV NA GN ND POSS-N
Number: 66
Language: Nding
Alternate Name: Eliri
Location: C Sudan (Nuba Hills)
Classification: Niger-Kordofanian: Kordofanian: Talodi
Other Sources: SK 2
Consonant system: p t̪ t c k b d̪ d ɟ ɡ m n ñ ŋ l r
Stops: p b t̪ d̪ t d c ɟ k ɡ
Nasals: m n ñ ŋ
Laterals: l
Vibrants: r
Modified Consonants: c̄ cʷ j d b c k m ŋ
Glides: j w
Vowel system: i u I ʋ ɛ ɔ a
Front Vowels: i I ɛ
Central Vowels: a
Back Vowels: u ʋ ɔ
Long Vowels: v̄ all
Tones: hi lo ris fall
Noun Number: s p
Noun Classes: noun classes
Syntax: NA NG N-POSS
Number: 67
Language: Jomang
Alternate Name: Talodi
Location: C Sudan
Classification: Niger-Kordofanian: Kordofanian: Talodi
Consonant system: p t̪ t c k b d̪ d ɟ ɡ s m n ñ ŋ l r ɾ̣
Stops: p b t̪ d̪ t d c ɟ k ɡ
Fricatives: s
Nasals: m n ñ ŋ
Laterals: l
Vibrants: r ɾ̣
Modified Consonants: c̄
Glides: j w
Vowel system: i u I (ǝ) ʋ ɛ ɔ a
Front Vowels: i I ɛ
Central Vowels: (ǝ) a
Back Vowels: u ʋ ɔ
Long Vowels: v̄ all
Nasal Vowels: ṽ
Diphthongs: aj
Syllable: (C)V(C)
Tones: hi lo fall
Noun Number: s p
Noun Classes: noun classes
Demonstratives: 2
Syntax: SVO [present aspect]/(VSO [past aspect]) NA NG ND N-POSS
Number: 68
Language: Tocho
Alternate Name: Moro Hills
Location: C Sudan
Population: 3,800
Classification: Niger-Kordofanian: Kordofanian: Talodi
Other Sources: SK 2
Consonant system: p t̪ t c k b d̪ ɟ ɡ m n ñ ŋ l r ɾ̣
Stops: p b t̪ d̪ t c ɟ k ɡ
Nasals: m n ñ ŋ
Laterals: l
Vibrants: r ɾ̣
Modified Consonants: c̄ cʷ t̪̄
Glides: (j w)
Vowel system: i u I (ǝ) ʋ ɛ ɔ a
Front Vowels: i I ɛ
Central Vowels: (ǝ) a
Back Vowels: u ʋ ɔ
Long Vowels: v̄ all
Tones: hi lo fall
Noun Number: s p
Noun Classes: noun classes
Syntax: NG ND
Number: 69
Language: Ngile
Alternate Name: Masakin
Location: C Sudan
Classification: Niger-Kordofanian: Kordofanian: Talodi
Consonant system: p t̪ t̄ c̄ k b d̪ ɗ ɡ s m n ñ ŋ l r ɾ̣
Stops: p b t̪ d̪ t̄ ɗ c̄ k ɡ
Fricatives: s
Nasals: m n ñ ŋ
Laterals: l
Vibrants: r ɾ̣
Modified Consonants: c̄
Glides: j w
Vowel system: i u I ʋ e ǝ o ɛ ɔ a ɒ
Front Vowels: i I e ɛ
Central Vowels: ǝ a
Back Vowels: u ʋ o ɔ ɒ ("I suspect that this is an overdifferentiating." p. 67
Long Vowels: v̄ all but ǝ
Tones: hi lo fall downstep
Noun Number: s p
Noun Classes: noun classes
Demonstratives: 2
Syntax: NG ND N-POSS
Number: 70
Language: Dengebu
Alternate Name: Dagik
Location: C Sudan
Classification: Niger-Kordofanian: Kordofanian: Talodi
Consonant system: p t̪ t k b d̪ ɡ ts m n̪ n ŋ l r ɾ̣
Stops: p b t̪ d̪ t k ɡ
Affricates: ts
Nasals: m n̪ n ŋ
Laterals: l
Vibrants: r ɾ̣
Modified Consonants: c̄
Glides: j w
Vowel system: i u I ʋ ɛ ǝ ɔ a
Front Vowels: i I ɛ
Central Vowels: ǝ a
Back Vowels: u ʋ ɔ
Long Vowels: v̄ all but ǝ
Tones: hi lo (fall)
Noun Number: s p
Noun Classes: noun classes
Demonstratives: 2
Syntax: SOV [present aspect]/(VSO [past aspect]) NA NG ND N-NUM N-POSS
Number: 71
Language: Tegali
Dialect: Rashad
Location: C Sudan (Nuba Hills)
Population: 5,000
Classification: Niger-Kordofanian: Kordofanian: Rashad
Other Sources: LA
Consonant system: t c k b d ɟ f s (h) m n ñ ŋ l ɾ
Stops: b t d c ɟ k
Fricatives: f s (h)
Nasals: m n ñ ŋ
Laterals: l
Vibrants: ɾ
Modified Consonants: c̄ N c b d ɟ
Glides: j w
Vowel system: i u e ǝ o a
Front Vowels: i e
Central Vowels: ǝ a
Back Vowels: u o
Syllable: (C)V(C)
Stress: phonemic
Noun Number: s p
Demonstratives: 3
Syntax: SOV NA NG ND N-POSS
Number: 72
Language: Tagoi
Location: C Sudan
Population: 1,600
Classification: Niger-Kordofanian: Kordofanian: Rashad
Other Sources: LA
Noun Number: s p
Noun Classes: noun classes
Demonstratives: 3
Syntax: SOV NA NG ND N-POSS
Number: 73
Language: Tingal
Location: C Sudan
Population: 2,100
Classification: Niger-Kordofanian: Kordofanian: Rashad
Number: 74
Language: Tukum
Location: C Sudan
Population: 2,000
Classification: Niger-Kordofanian: Kordofanian: Rashad
Number: 75
Language: Turum
Location: C Sudan
Population: 800
Classification: Niger-Kordofanian: Kordofanian: Rashad
Number: 76
Language: Bobo-Fing
Dialect: Sya
Location: W Burkina Faso
Population: 4,000
Classification: Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: Mande
Other Sources: LMS
Noun Number: s p
Syntax: SOV GN POSS-N
Prep/Post: POST
Number: 77
Language: Soninke
Dialect: Marka
Location: Mali
Population: 457,000
Classification: Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: Mande: Northern-Western: Northern: Soninke-Bozo
Other Sources: Meillassoux, Claude, Lassana Doucouré and Diaowé Simagha. 1967. Légende de la dispersion des Kusa. Dakar: IFAN.
Consonant system: t̪ c k q b d̪ ɟ ɡ f s̪ χ h m n̪ ñ ŋ l̪ ɾ
Stops: b t̪ d̪ c ɟ k ɡ q
Fricatives: f s̪ χ h
Nasals: m n̪ ñ ŋ
Laterals: l̪
Vibrants: ɾ
Modified Consonants: N c p t d
Glides: j w
Front Vowels: i ɛ
Central Vowels: a
Back Vowels: u o
Nasal Vowels: ṽ all
Syntax: SOV NA GN ND N-NUM POSS-N N+A+D+Num
Prep/Post: POST
Number: 78
Language: Bozo
Location: Mali
Classification: Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: Mande: Northern-Western: Northern: Soninke-Bozo
Number: 79
Language: Susu
Location: S Guinea
Population: 400,000
Classification: Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: Mande: Northern-Western: Northern: Susu-Yalunka
Dictionary: Lacan, P. 1942. Grammaire et dictionnaire français-sousou et soussou-français. Bordeaux: Procure des PP. du Saint-Esprit.
Grammar: Houis, Maurice. 1963. Étude descriptive de la langue susu. Dakar: IFAN.
TextBooks: Friedländer, Marianne. 1974. Lehrbuch des Susu. Leipzig: VEB Verlag Enzyklopädie.
Consonant system: (p) t k b d ɡ ɡb f s x h m n ñ (ŋ) l r
Stops: (p) b t d k ɡ ɡb
Fricatives: f s x h
Nasals: m n ñ (ŋ)
Laterals: l
Vibrants: r
Modified Consonants: N c d ɡ
Glides: j w
Vowel system: i u e o ɛ ɔ a
Front Vowels: i e ɛ
Central Vowels: a
Back Vowels: u o ɔ
Long Vowels: v̄ all
Nasal Vowels: ṽ all
Modified Vowels: vowel harmony
Syllable: (C)V
Tones: hi lo ris fall
Noun Number: s p
Demonstratives: 2
Syntax: SOV NA GN DN N-NUM POSS-N
Prep/Post: POST
Number: 80
Language: Yalunka
Location: Guinea
Classification: Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: Mande: Northern-Western: Northern: Susu-Yalunka
typology-language,typology-alternaten,typology-location,typology-population,typology-classifica,typology-othersourc,typology-consonants,typology-stops,typology-fricatives,typology-nasals,typology-laterals,typology-vibrants,typology-modifiedco,typology-glides,typology-vowels,typology-frontvowel,typology-centralvow,typology-backvowels,typology-longvowels,typology-diphthongs,typology-tones,typology-nounnumber,typology-nounclasse,typology-demonstrat,typology-pronouns,typology-syntax,typology-language,typology-location,typology-population,typology-classifica,typology-othersourc,typology-consonants,typology-stops,typology-fricatives,typology-nasals,typology-laterals,typology-vibrants,typology-modifiedco,typology-glides,typology-vowels,typology-frontvowel,typology-centralvow,typology-backvowels,typology-longvowels,typology-diphthongs,typology-tones,typology-nounnumber,typology-nounclasse,typology-pronouns,typology-syntax,typology-language,typology-location,typology-population,typology-classifica,typology-othersourc,typology-consonants,typology-stops,typology-fricatives,typology-nasals,typology-laterals,typology-vibrants,typology-modifiedco,typology-glides,typology-vowels,typology-frontvowel,typology-centralvow,typology-backvowels,typology-longvowels,typology-diphthongs,typology-tones,typology-nounnumber,typology-nounclasse,typology-pronouns,typology-syntax,typology-language,typology-dialect,typology-location,typology-population,typology-classifica,typology-grammar,typology-othersourc,typology-consonants,typology-stops,typology-affricates,typology-fricatives,typology-nasals,typology-laterals,typology-vibrants,typology-modifiedco,typology-glides,typology-vowels,typology-frontvowel,typology-centralvow,typology-backvowels,typology-diphthongs,typology-syllable,typology-stress,typology-nounnumber,typology-nounclasse,typology-demonstrat,typology-pronouns,typology-syntax,typology-preppost,typology-language,typology-alternaten,typology-location,typology-classifica,typology-othersourc,typology-consonants,typology-stops,typology-nasals,typology-laterals,typology-vibrants,typology-modifiedco,typology-glides,typology-vowels,typology-frontvowel,typology-centralvow,typology-backvowels,typology-longvowels,typology-tones,typology-nounnumber,typology-nounclasse,typology-pronouns,typology-syntax,typology-language,typology-alternaten,typology-location,typology-classifica,typology-othersourc,typology-consonants,typology-stops,typology-nasals,typology-laterals,typology-vibrants,typology-modifiedco,typology-glides,typology-vowels,typology-frontvowel,typology-centralvow,typology-backvowels,typology-longvowels,typology-tones,typology-nounnumber,typology-nounclasse,typology-syntax,typology-language,typology-alternaten,typology-location,typology-classifica,typology-othersourc,typology-consonants,typology-stops,typology-fricatives,typology-nasals,typology-laterals,typology-vibrants,typology-modifiedco,typology-glides,typology-vowels,typology-frontvowel,typology-centralvow,typology-backvowels,typology-longvowels,typology-nasalvowel,typology-diphthongs,typology-syllable,typology-tones,typology-nounnumber,typology-nounclasse,typology-demonstrat,typology-pronouns,typology-syntax,typology-language,typology-alternaten,typology-location,typology-population,typology-classifica,typology-othersourc,typology-consonants,typology-stops,typology-nasals,typology-laterals,typology-vibrants,typology-modifiedco,typology-glides,typology-vowels,typology-frontvowel,typology-centralvow,typology-backvowels,typology-longvowels,typology-tones,typology-nounnumber,typology-nounclasse,typology-pronouns,typology-syntax,typology-language,typology-alternaten,typology-location,typology-classifica,typology-othersourc,typology-consonants,typology-stops,typology-fricatives,typology-nasals,typology-laterals,typology-vibrants,typology-modifiedco,typology-glides,typology-vowels,typology-frontvowel,typology-centralvow,typology-backvowels,typology-longvowels,typology-tones,typology-nounnumber,typology-nounclasse,typology-demonstrat,typology-pronouns,typology-syntax,typology-language,typology-alternaten,typology-location,typology-classifica,typology-othersourc,typology-consonants,typology-stops,typology-affricates,typology-nasals,typology-laterals,typology-vibrants,typology-modifiedco,typology-glides,typology-vowels,typology-frontvowel,typology-centralvow,typology-backvowels,typology-longvowels,typology-tones,typology-nounnumber,typology-nounclasse,typology-demonstrat,typology-pronouns,typology-syntax,typology-language,typology-dialect,typology-location,typology-population,typology-classifica,typology-othersourc,typology-consonants,typology-stops,typology-fricatives,typology-nasals,typology-laterals,typology-vibrants,typology-modifiedco,typology-glides,typology-vowels,typology-frontvowel,typology-centralvow,typology-backvowels,typology-syllable,typology-stress,typology-nounnumber,typology-demonstrat,typology-pronouns,typology-syntax,typology-language,typology-location,typology-popu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