K. Redei's notes:Das wotj. Wort kann nur dann hierher gestellt werden, wenn seine frühere Bedeutung 'Wiesenrand, Steppe' war und es nicht mit dem Kompositum az'-dor 'переднее место' ('fore-place') identisch ist. Zu dem ung. Wort s. auch *s8s'3 'trocken, dorren' Ug. (Réd.)
K. Reshetnikov's notes:Hun. -s- (orthographically sz) points to Ur. *s', not *c'. The reconstruction of the final *-a for the Uralic stem is apparently based on Hu. *asa-k (see Ugret.dbf) as well as on the -a(-) in the second syllable of the Est. oblique forms (the loss of the final vowel in Est. and Perm. gives no certain information about its quality). The Est. oblique forms with -u (like aasu) are likely to be secondary, having arisen as a result of analogical processes (influence of other declination types). The length of the first syllable vowel in Est. is secondary: in Est. monosyllabic words, short vowels are generally not allowed. As for the the length in the forms like aasu, where the second syllable vowel was preserved, it may be caused by a leveling. Contrary to Rédei, Komi UV aʒ' 'ice-hole' doesn't belong here; it may be related to Mansi So. as, K äs 'hole, orifice' (Toivonen Affr., 135, 229).
K. Redei's notes:Das finn. und est. anlautende h ist sekundär: vgl. finn. ieho, ehko, est. ohv ~ finn. hieho, hehko, est. ho~hv 'Färse, junge Kuh'. Der Vogelnahme finn. ahka, haahka, hahka, est. ahka 'Eidergans, -ente' kann mit der am ganzen Körper des Vogels dominierenden weißen Farbe erklärt werden (sein ganzer Rücken und die Flügeldecke sind weiß). Ostj. 'Lehm' ist ebenfalls eine mit der weißen Farbe zusammenhängende sekundäre Bedeutung. Das Lautverhältnis mord. e. š ~ m. kš ist unregelmäßig; die Lautform des anzunehmenden m. *aša wurde möglicherweise von türk.-tat. akča 'Münze, Geld', kirg. akša 'weißlich; Geld' usw. beeinflußt. Ostj. C ȧ weißt auf urostj. *ä hin; die Lautentsprechung DN a ~ C ȧ spricht dafür, daß das Wort wohl kaum zum uralten Wortschatz der ostj. Sprache gehört. Falls die ostseefinnischen Wörter wirklich hierher gehören, so ist das k-Element der ursprünglichen Lautverbindung -čk- im Mord., Tscher. und Ost. geschwunden (Réd.).
References:SKES; DEWO 5
Number:2
English meaning:place for lying, to bed, spread
German meaning:ein mit etwas bedeckter, zum Liegen geeigneter Platz; Schlafen bereiten; betten
Saam (Lapp):aĺge- lg- 'begin to, set to work upon' (N), aĺkē- (L), āilke- (Kld.), ailke- (A) 'anfangen', aĺgo -lg- 'beginning, origin' (N), aĺkō (L), ālk (T), alk (Not. A) 'Anfang' [possibly < Finn.; here perhaps *vōlkē- 'go away'?]
K. Reshetnikov's notes:For the meaning of Lapp. *vōlkē- 'to go away' cf. engl. to start 'to begin / to depart'. However, this Lapp. word can be alternatively compared with Finn. valkama 'wharf, harbour' (Lehtiranta 152). The Proto-Lapp. stem represented by such forms as Lul. al'kē- 'anfangen', al'kō 'Anfang', al'ge- 'begin to, set to work upon' etc. is borrowed from Finnic.
K. Reshetnikov's notes:Ud Ko - rather to 137, as assumed also in UEW (Reshet.) A preliminary etymological solution. Phonological shape of Ngan. aniʔe is somewhat unclear, since it is attested only by Castrén, who didn't distinguish Ngan. a and ǝ marking both as a. The comparison is more plausible if a- in the Ngan. word = ǝ- < Sam. *ǝ- (not = a- < Sam. *ä- or *э-). Contrary to Rédei, the Khanty word hardly can be borrowed from Komi una 'much, many' (Khanty Ni. and So. unǝ is similar to Komi una, but there are also UD ănǝ and Kz. wọn, which can't be deduced from the Komi form).
K. Reshetnikov's notes:This Uralic word is a compound: its second part is undoubtedly nothing but *ɨpp/e/ (*appe in the reconstruction accepted in UEW) 'father-in-law' (URAET 21) - see Janhunen 1981: 227-228, 236-237 (consequently, Rédei's interpretation of the reflexes of *-ppV as suffixes is wrong - at least from the historical point of view). As for the first part, *ɨn/a/-, it obviously means 'mother-in-law': this meaning is attested in Lapp., where this root is preserved beyond the compound. Since in Uralic compounds the first part determines the second one and not vice versa, the meaning we deal with in this case is apparently 'mother-in-law father-in-law'='female father-in-law'='mother-in-law' (cf. Nenets n'e-ŋɨnab 'mother-in-law', where ŋɨnab is 'father-in-law' and n'e means 'woman'). Therefore, it seems reasonable to assume that the use of this word for denoting male relatives in Samoyed is secondary (so Helimski's question about the semantical reconstrution /warum Schwiegermutter, nicht Schwiegervater?/ can be answered). Cf., however, Mtr. инике-мъ, which seems to reflect the stem *ɨna preserved beyond the compound (just like Lapp. *vōnē-m), but means 'father-in-law'.
English meaning:wife of an elder relative; ? mother
German meaning:Frau eines älteren Verwandten (des Bruders, des Onkels); ? Mutter
Saam (Lapp):vi̊øńńe (oa) (T), vuǝńńe 'Frau des älteren Bruders'
Sammalahti's version:FU *an'a
K. Reshetnikov's notes:Not LO, but LU (i.e. LL)! Cf. Komi un'e 'aunt' - can't the Mansi form with -u- be a Komi loan? Note the similarity between the Komi and Selk. forms (a secondary contact relation can't be excluded). On the other hand, NeO n'eje 'mother's younger sister' (mentioned in UEW as a cognate of the Uralic words in question) is unclear - it doesn't correspond to Selk. with regard to vocalism. Contrary to UEW, Permic *an'V > Komi Pm., Wi. an' 'Schwiegermutter (der Frau), Mutter des Mannes', Vg. an' 'Frau', Udm. Ye. an'ɨ 'Hanfgarbe', Mans. UK ȫn', Pe. ān', Ss. ān'-ēk̥a 'Grossmutter mütterlicherseits', Hun. anya 'Mutter', (dial.) 'Schwiegermutter', -ány (=ān') in le-ány 'Tochter, Mädchen', literally 'small woman' (le- < Ugr. *lVjV 'klein, jung') and apparently Mord. E -an'a in niz-an'a 'mother-in-law', M an'a-ka 'elder sister' should be kept apart from the forms listed above (see URAET 1802). Besides, Komi Ud. un'e 'Tante' is also likely to belong to another etymon (URAET 1801).
References:FUV; SKES; DEWO 143; MUSz. 723; MSzFgrE; TESz.; Bárczi G. Magyar hangtörténet 1958: 98
Number:16
English meaning:opening, hole
German meaning:Öffnung, Einschnitt, Vertiefung
Saam (Lapp):vuoŋȃs -gŋ- 'halter or band on the muzzle of a dog, to prevent it from biting reindeer' (N), vuoŋasti- '(einen Hund) mit Maulkorb versehen' (L)
Janhunen's version:(106) *аŋi6
Sammalahti's version:*аŋi6
K. Reshetnikov's notes:The appearance of *ä- in Samoyed *äŋ in the place of Ur. *a (or *ō?) is probably due to a contamination with *äŋǝ- 'chin' (< *Ur. *äŋ/e/, see 44). It is also possible that we deal with a purely phonetical phenomenon - indeed, such development is observed in some cases (see, for instance, URAET 19; cf. also Janhunen 1981, 255-256), but a satisfactory explanation for it is still to be found.
German meaning:eng, bedrückt, Bedrängnis; eng werden
Estonian:angu- 'gerinnen, starr werden'
K. Redei's notes:Das ostseefinnische Wort ist möglicherweise eine Entlehnung aus dem Germanischen (vgl. got. aggwus 'eng...'). Zu dem ung. Wort s. noch *šoŋk3 'eng, Bedrängnis, eng werden'. (Rédei.)
K. Reshetnikov's notes:Therefore, it is possible that FU *aŋk3 doesn't exist at all.
References:SKES; EtSz.; SzófSz.; MSzFgrE; TESz.
Number:18
English meaning:horn
German meaning:Horn
K. Reshetnikov's notes:Helimski's suggestion concerning Samoyed is really witty: indeed, the comparison of the Ugric word with Sam. *äŋtǝ 'edge (of a knife etc.)' is far better phonetically (and quite acceptable semantically). However, at present no alternative hypotheses about origin of Sam. *ämtǝ 'horn' can be suggested (~ Yukagir amun 'bone'?).
References:DEWO 144; Collinder, Comp.Gr. 132
Number:19
English meaning:polar duck
German meaning:Schneehuhn, Eisente, Polarente; Harelda glacialis, Anas hiemalis
