Yenisseian etymology : Query result

Proto-Yenisseian: *ʔeŕk-

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: door (of the birchbark tent)

Ket: ɛllǝ⁵, pl. ɛllán ( < ɛlla:n³); South. ɛla⁵, pl. ɛlɨn⁵

Yug: ɛrfɔx⁵, pl. ɛrfɔxn⁵

Pumpokol: élxan (Сл.), elxan (Срсл.) "door"

Comments: ССЕ 187. Yug probably reflects a metathesis: ɛrfɔx < *ɛrxɔp < *erk-op. The word is probably a compound, but details are not quite clear. Werner 1, 230 <*ɛʎp^hǝq>.

Proto-Yenisseian: *ʔes

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: God, sky

Ket: ēś, pl. eśáŋ / eśa:ŋ³

Yug: es, pl. ese:ŋ³

Kottish: ēš, pl. ēčán; (Бол.) eš

Arin: es (М, Сл, Кл, Срсл, Ф, Лоск), eš (Стр)

Pumpokol: eč (Сл, Срсл, Кл) 'sky', eg (Сл, Срсл, Кл) 'God' [the variation -č / -g reflects an articulation like -ć, cf. also -it in ur-áit 'rain' < *xur-ʔes].

Comments: ССЕ 188. Cf. also: Kott. ečā (dat.) 'upwards', ečāl (loc.) 'above'; Ass. öš (М, Сл, Срсл, Кл), eč (Кл), aš-parán (Сл) 'sky', ös, öš (М, Сл, Кл, Ф), eč (Кл), es, eš (Срсл, Ф) 'God'; Kam. eš (Стр), Koib. eš (Мес, П, Ф), Ed. oješ (Мес) 'God'. In Pump. cf. also lɨcɨ (Стр.) 'devil' = Ket. Imb. ĺɨtiś 'wood devil' ('mountain' + 'God'). Werner 1, 272-273 *es.

Proto-Yenisseian: *ʔes-

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: to put

Ket: ɛśa⁶

Yug: ɛsiɛ-saŋ⁶ "in order to put"

Kottish: śi-ćei "to put, to make"

Comments: ССЕ 188. The Kottish form (-čei) can be compared if we suppose a reduction (elision): ši-čei < *si-ʔesej. Werner 1, 244-245.

Proto-Yenisseian: *ʔes-

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: to sow; to throw

Ket: sus (Сл.) "to sow"; eś-kij⁶"to throw", d-estъ:³, (Werner 1, 249) ɛ́ś-tij 'to shoot'

Yug: ɛsɨʔ (Werner 1, 249) 'to throw'; d-estǝu 'to shoot'

Kottish: ačōʔuk "sowing"; ačōʔukŋ "to sow", praet. ačōlaʔukŋ, imp. ačālčuk, pass. ačōlāʔuki; het-ča, hit-ča 'shooting', hit-čā-kŋ 'to shoot' (het- = hat 'fire'); Ass. (Сл.) pičiga "to sow"

Arin: pis (Сл.) "to sow"; (Лоск.) s-og-ontem 'I throw'

Pumpokol: kónčadin (Сл.) "to sow" ?

Comments: ССЕ 188-189, 204. Roots for "throwing" and "sowing" are probably to be united (although they are divided in ССЕ). Ass. pičiga and Ar. pis may belong here if p- is a class marker. One should also take into account that these Assan and Arin forms, as well as the Pumpokol one, may actually reflect a faulty translation, being very close phonetically to the words for 'evening' and 'dark' - see on that Werner 2, 173. See also Werner 1, 247-248, 249-250, 317 (forms meaning "throw", without reconstruction).

Proto-Yenisseian: *ʔes- / *ʔas- ( ~ *x-)

Meaning: to poke, mix up (soup, porridge etc.)

Ket: estij⁶

Yug: atčej⁵ (Werner 1, 75)

Comments: Reconstructed as *ʔV[kč]- in ССЕ 203. The materials in Werner 1, 75, 270-271 somewhat clear things up: the Yug form is corrected to atčej (akčej in the original recording is probably a result of confusion with aqčej 'einsäuern' mentioned in Werner 1, 51, 75 - see *ʔaqV).

Proto-Yenisseian: *ʔese (~x-)

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: (fish) scales

Ket: iśaŋ (КРС), (Кастр.) ieseŋ, (Донн.) jes: iẹ̀s̀, pl. iẹ̀s̀ǝŋ [W.: īśa / īśe, pl. -ŋ]

Yug: ise, pl. isɨŋ [W.]

Kottish: ēči, pl. ēčaŋ

Comments: ССЕ 188. In Ket the root was influenced by īś 'fish', from which it is historically quite separate (cf. in Kottish ēči 'scales' vs. īči 'meat' = Ket. īś, see *ʔise). Werner 1, 396.

Proto-Yenisseian: *ʔete

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: sharp

Ket: ēti¹, South. ēt, pl. ɛtiŋ⁵

Yug: ēt / ejt, pl. ɛtiŋ⁵

Kottish: ēti, g. ētī, pl. ētaŋ

Pumpokol: etɨkup (Срсл.,) "sharply" [= Yug.?]

Comments: ССЕ 189. Werner 1, 273. Despite Bouda and Timonina, similarity to PT *jitig 'sharp' is most probably accidental.

Proto-Yenisseian: *ʔeχV (~h-)

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: iron

Ket: ē; (Сл.) eg

Yug: e / ej; eg ɛ:hŋ⁴ "chain" (probably = eg āŋ "iron string")

Pumpokol: ag (Сл.) "iron, steel"

Comments: ССЕ 189. The Ablaut stem *ʔaχV is probably reflected in compounds *ʔaχV-des > Ket. āŕeś¹, Bak., Sur. ādeś¹, Yug. ades¹ "(iron) nail" (lit. "iron eye") [Werner 1, 60 analyzes as aʔt 'bone' + iʔs 'peg' which is quite strange semantically]; *ʔaχV-čis "file" > Ket. atiś⁵ / atīś¹, pl. atiśǝŋ⁵ / ātiśǝŋ¹, Yug. ačis⁵, pl. ačisɨŋ⁵, Kott. ašiš, pl. ašīčŋ(n) (lit. "iron stone"); *ʔaχV-tVp 'tongs' (see *tVp, lit. "iron tongs"). Werner 1, 77, 271 <*egǝ>.

Proto-Yenisseian: *ʔeχV-ǯ-

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: to send, drive

Ket: ɛr / ɛra, North. ɛ:ra⁴ / ɛ:re⁴, South. ɛ:da⁴ / ɛ:de⁴ 'to send; to drive' (Werner 1, 238-239)

Yug: ej-čij^1,3 'to send'; (Кастр.) d-ē-d́ajit́ "to send", praet. d-ē-d́one (Werner 1, 265 dejčone), imp. ē-d́ane; (Werner 2, 225) t...eit́ 'to stay behind'

Kottish: thax 'sending', a-thājaŋ "to send", praet. athōlajaŋ, imp. athālče, thājaŋ "to send", praet. thōlajaŋ, imp. thālče, pass. tholāgi; thečujaŋ "to send", praet. thēlujaŋ, imp. thālče; d́ax 'expelling', (a)d́ājaŋ 'to expel', praet. d́ōnajaŋ, imp. d́anče, pass. d́onāge.

Comments: In ССЕ 189 the reconstruction is given as *ʔ[e]χ-; however, if we take into account the Ket form (adduced in Werner 1, 238) it should be rather changed to *ʔeχVǯ- (with an assimilation *eχ-ǯij > ej-čij in Yug, and with a regular reflex -ǯ- > -j- in Kottish). The Kott. infinitives th-ax, d́-ax show that we are dealing here with a frequent verbal suffix *-ǯ-. See Werner 1, 238, 239, 265 (without reconstruction).

Proto-Yenisseian: *ʔēd- (~x-,-ʒ)

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: a k. of tubular plant (пучка)

Ket: ɛŕ, pl. eŕiŋ (South.), ɛ:dǝ⁴, pl. ediŋ (Mid.) (Werner 1, 240)

Yug: ɛ:^ht, pl. ediŋ¹

Comments: ССЕ 190. Werner 1, 240 (without reconstruction).

Proto-Yenisseian: *ʔēj- (~x-)

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: to kill

Ket: ɛj⁴(South.), Kur. ɛ:ji⁴, Bak., Sur. ɛ:je⁴ / ɛje⁴

Yug: ɛ:^hj⁴; ɛje-saŋ⁵ "in order to kill"

Comments: ССЕ 190. Werner 1, 226 <*eʔǝjǝ>.

Proto-Yenisseian: *ʔēl (~x-,-r)

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: weak

Ket: d-ɛ́ĺtim 'lax'

Yug: ɛ:^hl

Arin: t-erma (Лоск.)

Comments: ССЕ 190. The comparison with Arin belongs to Werner (1, 181, 259-260, 2, 258) and is reasonable if we suppose a prefixed nature of t- in Arin and d- in Ket; however, the reason for reconstructing <*egǝl> or even <*egǝʎ> on the basis of this comparison stays unclear to me.

Proto-Yenisseian: *ʔ[ē]ńi

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: son-in-law, daughter-in-law

Ket: ɛń⁴ (South.), North. ɛ:ne⁴ / ɛnne, pl. ēnn¹ / enn ( < ēńin¹); ɛnnɛm⁵ "daughter-in-law"

Yug: ɛ:hń⁴, pl. eńin¹; ɛ:hńɛm⁴ / ejńɛm³ "daughter-in-law"

Kottish: ani, * ańe, g. anā, pl. anān "son-in-law"; aneä, *ańeä, pl. anán, anńēan, ańēgan "daughter-in-law"

Arin: b-än (Лоск.) "son-in-law", bonä "bride, daughter-in-law"

Comments: ССЕ 190. Werner 1, 235 <*eʔǝnǝ>.

Proto-Yenisseian: *ʔēp- (~x-)

Meaning: whole (unbroken)

Ket: ɛ:, pred. ɛ:s "whole", ɛɣǝm⁵ "(this is) whole"

Yug: ɛ:^hp / ɛ:^hf , pl. ɛfɨŋ⁵

Comments: ССЕ 190. Werner 1, 258 <*eʔǝp^hǝ>; however, attributing Kott. apaŋ here is wrong (see *ʔɔpVŋ; Werner, in fact, relates the Kottish form to two roots simultaneously).

Proto-Yenisseian: *ʔēte

Meaning: alive

Ket: ɛt⁴(South.), pl. ɛtiŋ⁵; North. ɛ:ti⁴, pl.ɛtǝŋ⁵

Yug: ɛ:ht, pl. ɛtiŋ⁵

Kottish: ēti, g. ētī, pl. ētaŋ; асс. éditu (М., Сл., Срсл., Кл.), etutu (Кл.)

Arin: atie (М., Сл.) "alive", atje (Срсл.) "life", ätie (Кл.) "alive"

Pumpokol: átodu (Сл., Срсл.) "alive"; et́geǵ (Срсл.) "alive"

Comments: ССЕ 190. Werner 1, 253 <*ɛʔǝtǝ>.

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