Ribeiro 2008b: 75. Only the meaning 'unripe' is attested.
Proto-Jabuti:*kapɨ #
Voort #259 (*kapɨ). Distribution: Preserved in all daughter languages. Reconstruction shape: Correspondences are completely regular. Semantics and structure: It is uncertain if the Proto-Jabutí root had the meaning 'green (of color)'. Only the meaning 'unripe' is readily reconstructible.
NUMBER:36
WORD:hair
Arikapu:ka=i {kai}1
Ribeiro 2008: 76; Arikapú et al. 2010: 17. Polysemy: 'feather / hair / a hair / plumage'. Distinct from čiɔ 'a hair' [Ribeiro 2008: 164].
Djeoromitxi:ħi ~ kɔ̃ʔã=ħi {hi ~ kõãhi}1
Ribeiro 2008b: 61, 135. Polysemy: 'hair / straw / feather'. The ambiguity is resolved when kɔ̃ʔã= {kõã=} 'head' is prefixed.
Proto-Jabuti:*c̢i ~ *ʔi
Distribution: Preserved in all daughter languages. Reconstruction shape: Correspondences are not entirely regular: Arikapú lacks the root-initial consonant present in Djeoromitxí. Semantics and structure: Polysemy: 'hair / feather' is reconstructed. In Arikapú, *kay= > ka= {ka=} 'head' was prefixed.
NUMBER:37
WORD:hand
Arikapu:ɲi=kay {nikay}1
Ribeiro 2008: 116; Arikapú et al. 2010: 29 (ɲĩ=kay {nĩkay}). In the latter source, with polysemy: 'hand / finger'.
Djeoromitxi:nĩ=ħu {nĩhu}2
Ribeiro 2008b: 92.
Proto-Jabuti:
Not reconstructible. *nĩ=kay and *nĩ=c̢u are equiprobable candidates. Cf. Voort #154 (*nĩ.u), based on an erroneous comparison.
NUMBER:38
WORD:head
Arikapu:kay {kay}1
Ribeiro 2008: 76; Arikapú et al. 2010: 18.
Djeoromitxi:kɔ̃ʔã=ka {kõãka}1
Ribeiro 2008b: 79. kɔ̃ʔã= {kõã=} is also found in kɔ̃ʔã=ħi {kõãhi} 'hair on the head', and the meaning of the morpheme is definitely 'head'. However, =ka {=ka} is treated as the main morpheme here because no lexical replacement took place since the Proto-Jabutí stage.
Proto-Jabuti:*kay
Distribution: Preserved in all daughter languages. Reconstruction shape: Correspondences are completely regular. Semantics and structure: Polysemy: 'hair / feather' is reconstructed. In Djeoromitxí, kɔ̃ʔã= {kõã} 'head' was prefixed.
NUMBER:39
WORD:hear
Arikapu:nbǝ {bä}1
Ribeiro 2008: 40, 41; Arikapú et al. 2010: 8. Polysemy: 'to understand / to know / to learn / to feel / to listen / to hear'.
Djeoromitxi:bǝ {bä}1
Ribeiro 2008b: 41. Polysemy: 'to hear / to listen / to understand / to feel'.
Proto-Jabuti:*nbǝ
Voort #187 (*mǝ). Distribution: Preserved in all daughter languages. Reconstruction shape: Correspondences are completely regular. Semantics and structure: Polysemy: 'to hear / to listen / to understand / to feel / to know' is reconstructible.
NUMBER:39
WORD:hear
Arikapu:ɲi=pɨ-kɔy {nipükoy}2
Ribeiro 2008: 118; Arikapú et al. 2010: 31 (ɲĩ=pɨkɔy {nĩpükoy}). Polysemy: 'ear channel / to listen / to hear'.
Djeoromitxi:
Proto-Jabuti:
NUMBER:40
WORD:heart
Arikapu:nbǝ=tɨtɨ-ka {bätütüka}1
Ribeiro 2008: 44. Arikapú et al. attest nbǝ-ka {bäka} [2010: 8] 'chest / thorax / heart'; nbǝ-ɾɛ {bäre} [2010: 9] 'guts / heart'; nbǝ-taɔ {bätao} [2010: 9] 'stomach / heart'; kunbǝ {kubä} [2010: 22] 'to think / heart'. -ka {-ka} is possibly a classifier morpheme for round objects, though it might also belong to the root.
Djeoromitxi:bǝ=tutu-ka {bätutuka}1
Ribeiro 2008b: 42. Polysemy: 'heart / a purple part of a banana bunch to which bananas are attached'. -ka {-ka} is possibly a classifier morpheme for round objects, though it might also belong to the root.
Proto-Jabuti:*nbǝ=tɨtɨ-ka ~ *nbǝ=tutu-ka
Voort #73 (*mǝ(tutu)ka). Distribution: Preserved in all daughter languages. Reconstruction shape: The vocalic correpondence is irregular. Semantics and structure: The prefix is derived from the root for 'liver'. *-ka is possibly a classifier morpheme for round objects, though it might also belong to the root.
NUMBER:41
WORD:horn
Arikapu:ɲi=pɨ=ku {nipüku}1
Ribeiro 2008: 119. Cf. ɲĩ=pɨ=kɔy=ku {nĩpükoyku} [Arikapú et al. 2010: 31]. The morphological structure of the word must be a calque from Tuparí languages (Proto-Tuparí *api=kɨp 'horn', literally 'ear=tree').
Djeoromitxi:mɛ=ku {meku}1
Ribeiro 2008b: 87. The morphological segmentation is unclear.
Proto-Jabuti:*=ku
Distribution: Preserved in all daughter languages. Reconstruction shape: Correspondences are completely regular. Semantics and structure: The comparison is valid if mɛ= {me=} is a prefix in Djeoromitxí. The morphological structure of the Arikapú word must be a calque from Tuparí languages (Proto-Tuparí *api=kɨp 'horn', literally 'ear=tree').
NUMBER:42
WORD:I
Arikapu:ʔi-hɛ {ihe}1
Ribeiro 2008: 72; Arikapú et al. 2010: 16.
Djeoromitxi:ħö {hü}2
Ribeiro 2008b: 68.
Proto-Jabuti:*ʔi- #
Distribution: Preserved only in Arikapú; the Arikapú root is tentatively compared to other Macro-Jê languagesʼ data.
NUMBER:43
WORD:kill
Arikapu:kɔ̃ndǝ {kõdä}1
Ribeiro 2008: 95; Arikapú et al. 2010: 23 (kɔndǝ {kodä}). More specifically, 'to shoot dead'.
Djeoromitxi:ħi {hi}3
Ribeiro 2008b: 61. Distinct from tömĩ {tümĩ} 'to hit, to kill with a strike' [Ribeiro 2008b: 118].
Proto-Jabuti:
Not reconstructible. *c̢i (~ *c̢ɨ) and *kɔndǝ are equiprobable candidates. Cf. *tɐ̃mɾɨ̃ 'to hit, to kill with a strike' (Voort #158 (*t.mr.)).
NUMBER:43
WORD:kill
Arikapu:tɐ̃nbɾɐ̃ {tãbrã}2
Ribeiro 2008: 147; Arikapú et al. 2010: 40 (tǝ̃mɾǝ̃ {tä̃mrä̃}). Polysemy: 'to hit / to strike / to run into / to kill'.
Djeoromitxi:
Proto-Jabuti:
NUMBER:44
WORD:knee
Arikapu:mɛpɛ {mepe}1
Ribeiro 2008: 107; Arikapú et al. 2010: 27 (mɛ̃pɛ {mepe}).
Djeoromitxi:pɛpɛ {pepe}1
Ribeiro 2008b: 105.
Proto-Jabuti:*pɛpɛ ~ *nbɛpɛ
Voort #139 (*mɛ̃pɛ). Distribution: Preserved in all daughter languages. Reconstruction shape: The initial consonants do not correspond regularly.
NUMBER:45
WORD:know
Arikapu:nbǝ {bä}1
Ribeiro 2008: 40, 41; Arikapú et al. 2010: 8. Polysemy: 'to understand / to know / to learn / to feel / to listen / to hear'.
Djeoromitxi:ħɔ̃nɔ̃ {hõnõ}2
Ribeiro 2008b: 66.
Proto-Jabuti:*nbǝ
Distribution: Preserved in this meaning only in Arikapú; in Djeoromitxí a separate verb is introduced. Reconstruction shape: Correspondences are completely regular. Semantics and structure: Polysemy: 'to hear / to listen / to understand / to feel / to know' is reconstructible. Cf. Proto-Jê *ⁿba.
NUMBER:46
WORD:leaf
Arikapu:puaɾɔ ~ kuaɾɔ {puaro ~ kuaro}1
Ribeiro 2008: 137 (puaɾɔ {puaro}). Polysemy: 'leaf / a kind of mushroom'. In [Arikapú et al. 2010: 22, 36], two separate words are registered: pwaɾɔ {pwaro} 'a kind of mushroom' and kuaɾɔ {kuaro} 'leaf'. Likely related to čaɾɔ {txaro}, but the morphological segmentation is unclear. Distinct from ɲĩ 'thorn' [Ribeiro 2008: 116], translated as 'thorn, needle, fishhook, leaf' in [Arikapú et al. 2010: 29].
Djeoromitxi:nĩ {nĩ}3
Ribeiro 2008b: 92. Polysemy: 'leaf / thorn'.
Proto-Jabuti:*nĩ
Voort #114 (*-nĩ). Distribution: Preserved in all daughter languages. Reconstruction shape: Correspondences are completely regular. Semantics and structure: Polysemy 'thorn / leaf' is reconstructible. External comparison suggests that the meaning 'thorn' is primary'.
NUMBER:46
WORD:leaf
Arikapu:čaɾɔ ~ čuaɾɔ {txaro ~ txuaro}2
Ribeiro 2008: 160; Arikapú et al. 2010: 43, 47.
Djeoromitxi:
Proto-Jabuti:*ᶚaɾɔ ~ *ǯaɾɔ ~ *čaɾɔ
Distribution: Preserved only in Arikapú. The root is also found in Ofayé and Rikbaktsá (šaro). Arikapú puaɾɔ ~ kuaɾɔ {puaro ~ kuaro} may also be related.
NUMBER:47
WORD:lie
Arikapu:kɔ̃ɾɐ̃y {kõrãy}1
Ribeiro 2008: 92; Arikapú et al. 2010: 20 (kɔɾǝ̃y ~ kɔɾĩ {korãy ~ korĩ}). Distinct from ɾɔči {rotxi} 'to lay down' [Ribeiro 2008: 144; Arikapú et al. 2010: 38].
Djeoromitxi:ʔoɾɛ {ore}2
Ribeiro 2008b: 99.
Proto-Jabuti:
Not reconstructible. *kɔɾɐ̃y (~ *-ɾɨ̃y) and *ʔoɾɛ (~ *-ɾǝ ~ *-ɾe ~ *-ɾɨ ~ *-ɾǝy ~ *-ɾɨy ~ *-ɾɔy) are equiprobable candidates. Cf. Voort #84 (*-rãj), based on arbitrary segmentation of the data.
NUMBER:48
WORD:liver
Arikapu:nbǝ {bä}1
Ribeiro 2008: 41; Arikapú et al. 2010: 8.
Djeoromitxi:bǝ {bä}1
Ribeiro 2008b: 41.
Proto-Jabuti:*nbǝ
Voort #108 (*mǝ). Distribution: Preserved in all daughter languages. Reconstruction shape: Correspondences are completely regular.
Distribution: Preserved in this meaning only in Djeoromitxí; the meaning shifted to 'far' in Arikapú. Reconstruction shape: It is uncertain why Proto-Jabutí ǝ was retained after a coronal in Djeoromitxí.
NUMBER:50
WORD:louse
Arikapu:ta {ta}1
Ribeiro 2008: 148. Arikapú et al. [2010: 38] attest only ta-ɔ {tao}, which is plural.
Djeoromitxi:tɔ̃-ǯɛ {tõdje}1
Ribeiro 2008b: 116.
Proto-Jabuti:*taŋ
Distribution: Preserved in all daughter languages. Reconstruction shape: The final nasal is reconstructed in order to account for the secondary nasality in Djeoromitxí.
NUMBER:51
WORD:man
Arikapu:ʔɔ̃nɐ̃hɛ̃ {õnãhẽ}1
Ribeiro 2008: 123; Arikapú et al. 2010: 16 (ʔɔnǝ̃hɛ {onä̃he}).
Djeoromitxi:čiʔö {txiü}2
Ribeiro 2008b: 121.
Proto-Jabuti:
Not reconstructible. *ʔɔnɐ̃c̢ɛ̃ and *čiʔɔ are equiprobable candidates.
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