Turner & Turner 1971: 41. Glossed as 'all, everyone'. Word class: animate adjective. Cf. the following textual examples: 'All the people gathered at the house of the host of the fiesta' [ibid.], 'If there are lots of men drinking mescal, in a little while they will all be staggering' [Turner & Turner 1971: 92], 'The mayordomo fed all the men' [Turner & Turner 1971: 150], 'We all have two surnames, (from) our father and also (from) our mother' [Turner & Turner 1971: 172]. According to [Waterhouse 1969: 232], bul-ˈafʼ-kaʔ is derived from the verb =bul-afʼ- 'to pick up and carry in arms' "with the idea of all-embracing". Other synonyms (see below on dialect distribution) include: hˈaway 'all' (example: 'We all went to the ranch'; in the dialects of Ecatepec and San Lorenzo this word means 'daily') [Turner & Turner 1971: 171], howkʼalˈemma 'all, everyone' (example: 'All these men went to their village') [Turner & Turner 1971: 172], hˈoyya 'all, everyone' [Turner & Turner 1971: 172], ɬˈiɬi 'complete, all entire, completely, entirely' [Turner & Turner 1971: 226]. Cf. also ʔa=hˈafʼ-ga 'all, everything' (derived from di=hˈafʼ-ʔma 'to come to an end, to be completely finished, to be used up') [Turner & Turner 1971: 6], ʔentˈero 'all; entire' (a Spanish loanword; "[s]ame usage as Spanish") [Turner & Turner 1971: 128]. According to a dialect survey of Highland Chontal [Turner 1973: 102], 'all' is bulˈafʼkaʔ in San Pedro Sosolotepec, San Miguel, Candelaria, Santa Lucía, San Matías, San José, and Zapotitlán, ɬˈiɬi in San Andrés, Santo Domingo, San Lucas, and Ecatepec, hˈaway in San Juan Acaltepec and San Lorenzo, hˈoyya in San Pablo. We choose bulˈafʼkaʔ as the main synonym, since our main source [Turner & Turner 1971] is based on the San Matías dialect.
Turner & Turner 1971: 189. Polysemy: 'bone / horn (of an animal)'. Word class: noun (IIIa). Plural: ɬ=egˈal-aʔ ~ ɬ=ˈegaɬ.
Number:11
Word:breast
Highland Chontal:ɬ=onšˈa-hmaʔ1
Turner & Turner 1971: 234. Polysemy: 'heart / chest'. Word class: noun (III/IVb). Plural: ɬ=onša-wˈay-hma. Possessed form (3 sg. possessor): ɬ=unšˈa-hmaʔ. Derived from the verb d=unšˈa-ʔma 'breathe' [Turner & Turner 1971: 122] with the instrumental suffix -hmaʔ. Distinct from l=adˈuwe 'las tetas / nipples (of the breast)' [Turner & Turner 1971: 177], glossed as 'woman's breasts' in the list of body parts [Turner & Turner 1971: 356].
Number:12
Word:burn tr.
Highland Chontal:di=bi-ʔˈe-ʔma1
Turner & Turner 1971: 64. Word class: transitive verb (I). Derived from di=bˈi-ʔma 'burn (intr.)' with the transitivizing suffix -ʔe-.
Number:13
Word:claw(nail)
Highland Chontal:ɬ=a=ʔnˈaɬuk1
Turner & Turner 1971: 211. Polysemy: 'nail (finger or toe) / claw'. Word class: noun (IIb). Plural: l=a=ʔnaɬˈukʼ.
Number:14
Word:cloud
Highland Chontal:l=ummˈa-way1
Turner & Turner 1971: 202. Word class: noun (IIIa). Plural: ɬ=ummˈa-way. A nominalization of the verb d=umma-wˈay-ʔma 'to put', itself derived from d=ummˈa-ʔma 'to move (of a shapleless article, such as clothing) / to carry (clothing)' with the suffix -way- 'down' [Turner & Turner 1971: 117-118]. Secondary synonym: ɬ=edˈumi 'cumulus cloud / the rain god' [Turner & Turner 1971: 222].
Number:15
Word:cold
Highland Chontal:ʔa=šˈida1
Turner & Turner 1971: 38. Word class: adjective. Distinct from ʔidinˈuwaʔ 'cool, brisk' [Turner & Turner 1971: 167].
Number:16
Word:come
Highland Chontal:di=gwˈay-wo1
Turner & Turner 1971: 78. Glossed as 'arrive (here)'. Word class: intransitive verb (I). The dictionary also lists di=gway-nˈa-wo 'come' [ibid.] with the finalitive suffix -na- that "expresses some measure of permanency or completeness" [Turner 1966: 55]. The stem that contains this suffix and the stem without it are both indiscriminately translated in textual examples as 'come' or 'arrive'.
