Houtzagers 1985: 212. The preposition alǎːy {alãj} 'near' probably can be used as an adverb too, but Houtzagers confirms it only with one context: {je blĩzu, je alãj} 'it is very near' [Houtzagers 1985: 204].
Does not have a separate entry, but occurs in some examples: {čǝ ˈƀiđš mađˈraːsaƀɣa pasˈtiːǝrjǝ, jǝ ˈtuđ ˈmađras ƀˈliːzu} "if you see a dragonfly, there is also a viper somewhere near" [Čujec Stres 1: 368]; {ta đˈruːǝj ˈƀojaki, kǝr ˈsa ˈmiːel lǝ ˈpušǝ, sa ƀˈli pa ˈƀǝl ƀˈliːzu} "those soldiers, who had only rifles, were closer" [Čujec Stres 2: 500].
Pronk 2009: 202. Glossed as preposition by Pronk, but evidently is used as an adverb as well. This can be illustrated by the following example: {Pa čȉr je bwȍ bwǝ̏l blízu so rjǝ̀kli} "And where it [wood gathering] was closer, they say" [Pronk 2009: 164].
Occurs in examples: {Йа блʼиска йаво нʼи вʼидала, а так издалʼа йаво вʼидʼила} "I did not see him from near, only from afar" [DS 1969: 208]; {Рʼака блʼискъ, нʼисʼ, у нʼих аγурʼцы харошыи будутʼ} "The river is near, there is a low place, they will have good cucumbers" [DS 1969: 343]. The form v=blʸizʸ-ˈɛ {вблʼизʼе}, derived from the same root, is less frequent: 5 occurrences vs. 12 occurrences of {блʼиска}.
Occurs in examples: {bješ k Poláškom na sůl} "run to the Poles for salt" [Malina 1946: 124]; {Kúpiu̯a funt soli a dva funti massa} "She bought a pound of salt and two pounds of meat" [Malina 1946: 27].
The example is: {Potom zaz͜ nasipu kapusti, šlapu, potom zas soli, koreňá} "Then I put cabbage again, pat it down, then [I put] salt again, spices" [Gregor 1975: 197].
Some examples are: {У мʼинʼе солʼ йесʼтʼ ф платкʼе в узалкʼе завʼазъна} "I have salt in the kerchief tied in a knot" [DS 1969: 574]; {Зъсыпаим солʼ, прʼам салʼим йиха} "We put salt, we salt them [mushrooms]" [DS 1969: 225].
Number:105
Word:short
Dihovo Macedonian:kus1
Groen 1977: 262.
Vevchani-Radozhda Macedonian: kus [Hendriks 1976: 267].
Skopje Macedonian: in both sources, kus {кус} and krat-ok {краток} are quoted as synonyms for 'short' [Evdokimova 2009; Tolovski & Illich-Svitych 1963: 235].
Does not have a separate entry, but occurs in some examples: {raˈčie sa kˈraːtkǝ} "the arms are long" [Čujec Stres 2: 227]; {sˈraːjca s kˈraːtkmi raˈkaːƀmi} "a shirt with long sleeves" [Čujec Stres 2: 282].
The example is: {U nás sa nosíja rukáfce s krátkím stánkem} "We wear a rukávce [traditional women's clothes] with a short stánek [girdle with the part of chemise sewn in]" [Malina 1946: 114].
There are two terms glossed as 'snake': gat {gȁt} [Houtzagers 1985: 243] and smrad-ˈin-a {smradȉna} [Houtzagers 1985: 353]. Since none of them occur in the texts, we have to include both words in the list.
Jurišić 1973: 244. There are two terms glossed as 'snake': zmiy-â {zmijȁ} and guy-în-a {gujȉna} ~ gu-în-a {guȉna}. Since we cannot distinguish between them because of the limited corpus of contexts, we include both into the list.
Vážný 1927: 149. Of Slovak origin. The inherited term kâːč-in-a {kȃčina} means 'viper' [Vážný 1927: 153].
Burgenland Kajkavian:
Not attested.
Ljubljana Slovenian:kˈaːč-a {kača}6
Ogrinc 2014; Uhlik 2016.
Standard Slovene: {kača} [Pretnar 1964: 244].
Kostel Slovenian:kˈaːč-a {ˈkaːča}6
Gregorič 2014: 130. Distinct from gat {ˈgat} 'viper' [Gregorič 2014: 90].
Zatolmin Slovenian:kˈaːč-a {ˈkaːča}6
Čujec Stres 1: 240.
Resian Slovenian:kˈač-a {káča}6
Steenwijk 1992: 265. There are two terms for 'snake' in the dictionary: the indigenous {káča} and the Romanism {sarpǝ́nt}. Unfortunately, these terms do not occur in the texts, so we include both words in the list.
Occurs in examples: {Тока в лʼес взайдʼош, абуиша лаптʼи, кабы зʼмʼайа нʼи укусʼила} "As soon as you enter the forest, you usually put bast shoes on your feet, so that a snake don't bite you" [DS 1969: 82]; {Йаму калʼнула зʼмʼайа балʼшой палʼац, а он йаво – в рот} "The snake bit his thumb, and he put it in his mouth" [DS 1969: 235].
Hendriks 1976: 291. This is actually a form from the Vevchani-Radozhda dialect, since no Dihovo expressions for 'thin' are documented in [Groen 1977]. Distinct from Dihovo slap 'weak' [Groen 1977: 282], Vevchani-Radozhda slap, glossed with polysemy: 'weak / bad / thin' in [Hendriks 1976: 286] (apparently this is not the main word for 'thin' in Vevchani-Radozhda).
Skopje Macedonian: ten-ok {тенок} and slap {слаб} are quoted in [Evdokimova 2009] as synonyms, both with polysemy: 'thin 2D / thin 1D'. In the literary language, only ten-ok ~ tan-ok means 'thin (2D / 1D)' [Tolovski & Illich-Svitych 1963: 492, 495], whereas slap is glossed as 'weak / lean, skinny' in [Tolovski & Illich-Svitych 1963: 466].
Hill 1991: 237. Another candidate is {sɫap} 'weak / thin'. Available contexts do not allow to differentiate between them, cf. {tonok siǯim} ~ {tonka vǝrfca} 'thin string'; {tonka plačka za letoto – debeɫa za zimata} "thin clothes for the summer – thick ones for the winter" [Hill 1991: 237]; {koneco je tonok} "the thread is thin" [Hill 1991: 181], but {sɫap čoek} 'thin / weak man'; {sɫaba raka} 'thin / weak hand / arm'; {sɫaba basma} 'thin cloth' [Hill 1991: 229].
Kalsbeek 1998: 567. The Romance borrowing fîːn {fȋn} is glossed as 'fine, thin / well-behaved / tasty, delicious' in the dictionary [Kalsbeek 1998: 442], but we did not find any good examples with the meaning 'thin' in the texts.
Distinct from mr̩š-af {mȑšaf}, glossed as 'thin' in the dictionary [Kalsbeek 1998: 495]; however, available examples clearly show that it means 'lean' (of both man and meat): {Pȍkle je ta vȍjska bȋla ne mȍren miȇso nikakȍvo. Ku ne sȁmo mȑšavo, ma mȁlo mȁlo i takȍ ot prāscȁ} "After the war I can't eat any meat. Only if it is not lean, but just a little and only pork" [Kalsbeek 1998: 401]; {i mršavȅji čȕda je bȋ} "and he was a lot thinner" [Kalsbeek 1998: 430]; {kat je onako mȑšaf bȋ} "when he was that thin" [Kalsbeek 1998: 51].
Steenwijk 1992: 319. As in the case of 'snake', there are two terms, the indigenous {ténak} and the Romanism {fí̤n}. The first one does not occur in the texts at all, and {fí̤n} occurs only once, so, as in the previous case, we include both words in the list.
Some examples are: {Вот лʼатаитʼ бʼелъйа – йетъ цыбʼик, пʼичʼушка, ноγʼи долγъи, тонкʼийи, носʼик тонкай} "There flies a lapwing, a small bird, it has long thin legs, a little thin nose" [DS 1969: 591]; {анʼи пад ыспът наклалʼи толстых, а наверʼх - тонкʼих} "they laid thick [firewood] down, and thin firewood up" [DS 1969: 212].
Does not have a separate entry, but occurs in some examples: {kˈriːǝu̯c jǝ ˈƀiːǝtǝr, kǝr ˈpiχa ˈsam ađ usˈχuođa} "krivec is a wind which blows only from the east" [Čujec Stres 1: 283]; {ˈjeːjđou̯nk jǝ ˈtaːk ˈƀiːǝtǝr u ˈjeːsǝn} "ajdovnik is such an autumn wind<...>" [Čujec Stres 1: 61].
Occurs in examples: {Йесʼтʼ зʼимнʼий вʼетʼар, йесʼтʼ асʼенʼнʼай вʼетʼир, а то вʼешнʼий вʼетʼир} "There is winter wind, autumn wind and spring wind" [DS 1969: 81]; {Фпʼирʼот вʼетʼир был, ураγан, а патом доштʼ} "First there was wind, a hurricane, then it rained" [DS 1969: 96].
Skopje Macedonian: cr̩f {црв} is a generic term for 'worm' including 'earthworm' [Evdokimova 2009; Tolovski & Illich-Svitych 1963: 523]; the suffixed variant cr̩v-ec {црвец} is also used [Tolovski & Illich-Svitych 1963: 524]. For the literary language, there is additionally glist-a {глиста} with polysemy: 'helminth / earthworm', as documented in [Tolovski & Illich-Svitych 1963: 72].
Hill 1991: 178. Polysemy: 'worm/ maggot'. Occurs as {cervec} in the dictionary, but the plural form {cǝrvje} and reference {cǝrvec} in another entry indicate that the first vowel is the etymologically expected ǝ.
Unfortunately, absence of contexts does not allow us to differentiate between {cǝrvec} 'worm/ maggot' and {neraica} 'worm'.
Kalsbeek 1998: 429-430. There are two terms translated as 'worm' in the dictionary: c̢r̩̂f {čȓf} [Kalsbeek 1998: 429-430] and glîːs {glȋs} ~ glîːst-a {glȋsta} [Kalsbeek 1998: 446]. Unfortunately, we have not found any examples and cannot differentiate between them, so both have to be included in the list. Distinct from br̩̂š {bȓš} 'wood worm' Kalsbeek 1998: 423.
Jurišić 1973: 38. Polysemy: 'worm / dye made from pine bark'. Lack of čr > cr phonetic shift is notable. Distinct from gʎist-â {gļīstȁ} 'earthworm' [Jurišić 1973: 60] and bîš-a {bȉša} 'wood worm' [Jurišić 1973: 24] of Romance origin.
Not attested in the dictionary, but according to ČJA, near Uherské Hradiště the prevailing form is {červ}, as it is, however, in almost all of Czech Republic [ČJA 2: 170-172, map 63].
Distinct from ɦliːst-a {hlísta} 'earthworm' [Malina 1946: 31].
DS 1969: 594; 595. The collective form is čʸarʸv-ˈa {чʼарʼва} ~ čʸˈɛrʸv-a {чʼерʼва} [DS 1969: 594].
Number:109
Word:worm
Dihovo Macedonian:
Gorno Kalenik Macedonian:nɛra-ˈic-a {neraica}-1
Hill 1991: 209. From {*neravica} with loss of v typical of the Lerin subdialect, cf. brad-a-ˈic-a {bradaica} 'wart'. Probably derived with the Slavic suffixes {-av-} and {-ic-} from Greek {несό} 'water', which could indicate that {neraica} actually means 'earthworm'.
Occurs in examples: {dvacetštiri rokov mám} "I am 24 years old" [Gregor 1975: 132]; {Tak to bolo, tanáčelnök to tag ríďil, že za štiri roki spravá cestu} "The council president ordered to repair the road within four years" [Gregor 1975: 196].
DS 1969: 116-117. The genitive plural lʸɛt {лʼет} is used with numerals higher than 4, cf. {Чʼилавʼек да восʼимдʼисʼат лʼет жывʼот} "Man lives up to 80 years" [DS 1969: 130].
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