Bender 1979: 57. Quoted as kòːˈó-má in [Uzar 1989: 365].
Metemma Gumuz:koːwa2
Bender 1979: 57. Quoted as kǝ̄ōː-á 'all, whole, complete', kǝ̄ō ~ kǝ̄ō-mà 'all' in [Innocenti 2010: 143]. Cf. also gūŋā 'all, many' [Innocenti 2010: 138].
Gojjam Gumuz:
Not attested.
Number:2
Word:ashes
Sai Gumuz:wofa1
Bender 1979: 57.
Sese Gumuz:ḿ=fa1
Bender 1979: 57. Quoted as m=fa in [Uzar 1989: 357].
Metemma Gumuz:ofa1
Bender 1979: 57. Plural: mɛ=ofa. Quoted as ōfá in [Innocenti 2010: 153].
Gojjam Gumuz:wofaː1
Bender 1979: 57.
Number:3
Word:bark
Sai Gumuz:ɓǝba1
Bender 1979: 58. Quoted as ɓáɓá in [Ahland 2012: 452].
Sese Gumuz:ɓǝ́ba1
Bender 1979: 58. Quoted as ɓáɓˈá in [Uzar 1989: 350].
Metemma Gumuz:be-ma1
Bender 1979: 58. In [Innocenti 2010: 125], the word bēā is glossed with polysemy: 'skin / rind / bark', whereas in Bender's notes the form bíah only means 'skin' q.v., while be-ma ~ beː-ma may be used to denote both 'skin' and 'bark'. In any case, be-ma looks like a transparent derivation from bea. In Ahland's account of Northern Gumuz, the word for 'bark' has the same shape as in Southern Gumuz: ɓáɓá [Ahland 2012: 452].
Gojjam Gumuz:siyaː2
Bender 1979: 58.
Number:4
Word:belly
Sai Gumuz:ila1
Bender 1979: 58.
Sese Gumuz:
Not attested in our main sources. Cf. yílˈá ~ ʔílˈá ~ ílˈá 'belly' in [Uzar 1989: 359].
Metemma Gumuz:iːlǝ1
Bender 1979: 58. Quoted as ɕílá (sic!), with polysemy: 'belly / intestines / inside' in [Innocenti 2010: 129].
Gojjam Gumuz:ilaʔu ~ ilwaː1
Bender 1979: 58.
Number:5
Word:big
Sai Gumuz:bǝbǝku-ma1
Bender 1979: 58.
Sese Gumuz:m=bóɣı-ma1
Bender 1979: 58. Quoted as m̀=bˈòkʼò-mà in [Uzar 1989: 353].
Metemma Gumuz:obɛ-cʸ-1
Bender 1979: 58. Quoted as ōbí-cǝ̄ ~ ōbí-cǝ̄-mā 'big, enormous, abundant' in [Innocenti 2010: 153]. Cf. also ōbú-kwā ~ ōbú-kú-líɕā 'bigness, largeness' [ibid.]. Additionally, cf. bɛšɛːkǝ 'big' in [Bender 1979: 58], not confirmed in [Innocenti 2010].
Gojjam Gumuz:obo-ma1
Bender 1979: 58.
Number:6
Word:bird
Sai Gumuz:didɛ=mɛta1
Bender 1979: 58. Literally = 'small hen'. Another equivalent is mɛtɛ-gɛzia, literally = 'hen of forest' (cf. the same equivalents in Kokit and Gojjam Gumuz).
Sese Gumuz:mı́ta1
Bender 1979: 58. Quoted as métˈá 'hen' in [Uzar 1989: 357].
Metemma Gumuz:meta-gıziya1
Bender 1979: 58. Literally = 'hen of forest'. Quoted as mǝ̄tá 'chicken, bird' in [Innocenti 2010: 150].
Gojjam Gumuz:meta-gúzza1
Bender 1979: 58. Literally = 'hen of forest'.
Number:7
Word:bite
Sai Gumuz:kʼǝŋ1
Bender 1979: 58. Plural: kʼǝŋ-idya.
Sese Gumuz:kʼǝŋ1
Bender 1979: 58. Quoted as kʼáŋ in [Uzar 1989: 358].
Metemma Gumuz:kʼǝŋ1
Bender 1979: 58. Quoted as kʼǝ́ŋ in [Innocenti 2010: 144].
Gojjam Gumuz:
Not attested.
Number:8
Word:black
Sai Gumuz:mǝ=hiː-ma1
Bender 1979: 58.
Sese Gumuz:mǝ=ŋi-ma1
Bender 1979: 58.
Metemma Gumuz:mǝ=xeː-ma1
Bender 1979: 58. Quoted as mǝ̄=ħíː ~ mǝ̄=ħíː-má in [Innocenti 2010: 149]. Transparently derived from the verbal root ħi 'to be black; to be dark (of sky)' [Innocenti 2010: 140].
Gojjam Gumuz:ma=kʰi-ma1
Bender 1979: 58.
Number:9
Word:blood
Sai Gumuz:maha1
Bender 1979: 58. Quoted as màhá in [Ahland 2012: 459].
Sese Gumuz:mǝhá1
Bender 1979: 58. Quoted as māhˈā in [Uzar 1989: 356].
Metemma Gumuz:mǝxaː1
Bender 1979: 58. Quoted as mǝ́há in [Innocenti 2010: 149]; as màχá in [Ahland 2012: 459].
Gojjam Gumuz:
Not attested.
Number:10
Word:bone
Sai Gumuz:žɔkwa1
Bender 1979: 58.
Sese Gumuz:žǝ́kwa1
Bender 1979: 58.
Metemma Gumuz:žɔkwa1
Bender 1979: 58. Quoted as žǝ́kʼwá in [Innocenti 2010: 162].
Gojjam Gumuz:
Not attested.
Number:11
Word:breast
Sai Gumuz:kuːwǝ1
Bender 1979: 58. Glossed simply as 'breast', therefore somewhat dubious (since the form could refer to 'female' rather than 'male' breast), but based on evidence from the Kokit (Mandura) dialect of Gumuz in [Innocenti 2010], there is no lexical differentiation between 'female' and 'male' breast there; with caution, this information could be extrapolated onto the other dialects of Gumuz.
Sese Gumuz:kúa1
Bender 1979: 58. Same situation as in Sai Gumuz q.v.
Metemma Gumuz:kuwa1
Bender 1979: 58. Quoted as kúá, with polysemy: 'milk / teat / breast (female) / chest (male)' in [Innocenti 2010: 143]. Quoted as kúá 'breast, milk' in [Ahland 2012: 458].
Gojjam Gumuz:kuwa1
Bender 1979: 58. Same situation as in Sai Gumuz q.v.
Number:12
Word:burn tr.
Sai Gumuz:giːs-ukʼw1
Bender 1979: 58. Plural: gis-iʓukʼw.
Sese Gumuz:
Not attested.
Metemma Gumuz:=ʓes-ɛɕ1
Bender 1979: 58. Quoted as ʓīs 'to roast, to fry', ʓīs-ǝ́kʼw 'to burn in the fire' in [Innocenti 2010: 141-142].
Gojjam Gumuz:ges1
Bender 1979: 58.
Number:13
Word:claw(nail)
Sai Gumuz:kʼɔ=cica1
Bender 1979: 58.
Sese Gumuz:kʼú=cıca1
Bender 1979: 58.
Metemma Gumuz:kʼwɔ=cʼica1
Bender 1979: 58. The same form is quoted as kʼwá=cīcā 'finger-tip, finger' in [Innocenti 2010: 145]. It seems rather obviously derived from cīcā 'middle finger' [Innocenti 2010: 159], prefixed with the auxiliary morpheme kʼwá 'above, upon' [Innocenti 2010: 145]. The actual meaning 'nail' is rendered in [Innocenti 2010: 156] as the compound šǝ̄mbǝ̄rǝ̄ kʼwācīcā, where the first word is unclear.
Gojjam Gumuz:koteɕuwoː2
Bender 1979: 58.
Number:14
Word:cloud
Sai Gumuz:dama1
Bender 1979: 58. Same word as 'rain' q.v.
Sese Gumuz:
Not attested.
Metemma Gumuz:gyɛxamba2
Bender 1979: 58. Distinct from kʼuda 'fog' [ibid.]. Quoted as ʓīħāmbā ~ ʓǝ̄ħāmbā in [Innocenti 2010: 141].
Gojjam Gumuz:daːwzba3
Bender 1979: 58. Also masíngala id. [ibid.].
Number:15
Word:cold
Sai Gumuz:mǝ=pʼiɲi-ma1
Bender 1979: 58. Said of water, etc.; distinct from gidida 'cold (of air)'.
Sese Gumuz:
Not attested properly. In [Bender 1979: 58], the equivalent gı́dıda is listed for the meaning 'cold'; however, it corresponds to Sai Gumuz gidida 'cold (of air)', rather than the required 'cold (of water, etc.)', and it is unclear if the Sese dialect has really merged both meanings in a single term. In fact, this does not seem likely in the light of the form m̀=ɓíŋá-má 'cold' (no further semantic specification) in [Unseth 1989: 368]. So as not to create a false lexicostatistical differentiation, we prefer to leave the slot empty for the moment.
Metemma Gumuz:ɓiŋyi-ma1
Bender 1979: 58. In [Innocenti 2010: 127], this stem is quoted as ɓǝ̄ɲ 'to be fresh (of temperature)' and is opposed to gǝ̄dīdá 'cold' (e. g. of coffee or other liquids) [Innocenti 2010: 136]. It is not clear if Bender's and Innocenti's subdialects are semantically differentiated in this respect or not; more textual evidence is needed.
Gojjam Gumuz:
Not attested.
Number:16
Word:come
Sai Gumuz:we1
Bender 1979: 59. Plural: wo-dye.
Sese Gumuz:we1
Bender 1979: 59.
Metemma Gumuz:we1
Bender 1979: 59; Innocenti 2010: 160. Quoted as úá-é in [Ahland 2012: 459].
Gojjam Gumuz:waːy1
Bender 1979: 59.
Number:17
Word:die
Sai Gumuz:ša1
Bender 1979: 59. Plural: ši-gya. Quoted as šá in [Ahland 2012: 458].
Sese Gumuz:ša1
Bender 1979: 59.
Metemma Gumuz:ša1
Bender 1979: 59. Quoted as šà in [Innocenti 2010: 156]; as šá in [Ahland 2012: 458].
Gojjam Gumuz:da=š1
Bender 1979: 59. The quoted form is most probably 3rd p. sg.
Number:18
Word:dog
Sai Gumuz:kʼowa1
Bender 1979: 59.
Sese Gumuz:kʼǝ́wa1
Bender 1979: 59.
Metemma Gumuz:kʼowa1
Bender 1979: 59. Plural: mǝ=kʼowa. Quoted as kʼǝ̄ōā in [Innocenti 2010: 144].
Gojjam Gumuz:qaːwa ~ koa1
Bender 1979: 59.
Number:19
Word:drink
Sai Gumuz:fa1
Bender 1979: 59. Plural: fi-dya. Quoted as fá in [Ahland 2012: 453] (cf. also d=à=f 'he/she drank' ibid.).
Sese Gumuz:fa1
Bender 1979: 59. Cf. n=à=f 'he may drink' in [Uzar 1989: 349].
Metemma Gumuz:fa1
Bender 1979: 59. Plural: fe-kya. Quoted as fā in [Innocenti 2010: 135]; as fá in [Ahland 2012: 453] (cf. also n=à=f 'let him/her drink' ibid.).
Gojjam Gumuz:feː1
Bender 1979: 59.
Number:20
Word:dry
Sai Gumuz:mi=kʸeʔe-ma1
Bender 1979: 59.
Sese Gumuz:mı=ɕó-ma1
Bender 1979: 59.
Metemma Gumuz:mɛ=kʸeː-ma1
Bender 1979: 59. Quoted as mǝ̄=ɕēʔǝ̄ ~ mǝ̄=ɕēʔǝ̄-mā in [Innocenti 2010: 148], with the specific meaning 'arido' (i. e. 'dried out', e. g. of earth); derived from the verbal stem ɕeʔǝ 'to be dry, dried out' [Innocenti 2010: 129]. According to Innocenti, the adjectival stem is to be distinguished from mǝ̄=čǝ́čǝ́ ~ mǝ̄=čǝ́čǝ́-mā 'dry' (e. g. of wood); for this second stem, however, the corresponding derivational verbal base is not attested. Normally, this second word should be a better equivalent for the required Swadesh meaning, but the distinction is not recognized in our primary source [Bender 1979], so for the time being we prefer to follow Bender on this issue.
Build tree