Schadeberg 1981: 19. "Broken" root, cf. forms like y=ay=ʋ̂k, t=a=tt=ʋ̂k, etc. Different equivalent from Jarinebi: =ummu (used with the prefix y=).
Dagik (Masakin):áb̥ɽà2
Schadeberg 1981: 19. Quoted as apːɽa 'all' in [Vanderelst 2016: 81].
Ngile (Daloka):pǝ̀ɽà2
Schadeberg 1981: 19.
Tocho:a...=k1
Schadeberg 1981: 19. The exact forms, depending on the agreement class, are: àː=g=ʋ̑k, à=pp=îk, à=t̪t̪=wàk, áː=m=ʋ̀k, áː=n=ʋ̀k. Quoted as a=ʋk in [Alaki & Norton 2013: 187].
Acheron:a=m=ʋk1
Norton & Alaki 2015: 151.
Lumun:a=pp=ı̀k1
Norton & Alaki 2015: 151.
Torona:à=ɕɕ=ɔ̀k1
Norton & Alaki 2015: 151.
Number:1
Word:all
Nding:
Dagik (Masakin):
Ngile (Daloka):
Tocho:
Acheron:
Lumun:
Torona:à=ppı̀ɽı̀ðı̀ŋ2
Norton & Alaki 2015: 151.
Number:2
Word:ashes
Nding:k=ɔ̀rɔ́ŋ1
Schadeberg 1981: 19. Jarinebi: k=ɔ̀ːrɔ́ŋ.
Dagik (Masakin):w=ɛ́ːgá2
Schadeberg 1981: 19. Quoted as w=ɛ́gá in [Vanderelst 2016: 256].
Ngile (Daloka):w=ɛ́ːgà2
Schadeberg 1981: 19.
Tocho:m=íʓʋ̀k3
Schadeberg 1981: 19. Quoted as m=iʓuk ~ m=iyuk in [Alaki & Norton 2013: 182, 190].
Acheron:m=ǝðuk3
Norton & Alaki 2015: 130.
Lumun:m=ʋ̀ʓʋ́k3
Norton & Alaki 2015: 130.
Torona:k=ǝ̀ɽɔ́k1
Norton & Alaki 2015: 130.
Number:3
Word:bark
Talodi (Jomang):g=éák
Nding:k=ìɲíɲì2
Schadeberg 1981: 19. Jarinebi also gives the plural form as m=ìɲíɲì.
Dagik (Masakin):k=ǝ̀ɽí3
Schadeberg 1981: 19. Differently in [Vanderelst 2016: 249]: sg. k=ǝ́sǝ́k, pl. n=ǝ́sǝ́k 'tree bark'.
Ngile (Daloka):k=íɽì3
Schadeberg 1981: 19. Plural: w=úɽì.
Tocho:k=ánʓàk4
Schadeberg 1981: 19.
Acheron:g=ǝnsǝk4
Norton & Alaki 2015: 130. Plural: n=ǝnsǝk.
Lumun:t=ǝ̀mǝ̀k4
Norton & Alaki 2015: 130. Plural: n=ǝ̀mǝ̀k.
Torona:kàpʋ̀ɽı́5
Norton & Alaki 2015: 130.
Number:4
Word:belly
Talodi (Jomang):ʓ=áːrǝ̯k
Nding:ɕ=áːrìk1
Schadeberg 1981: 20. Plural: m=áːrìk. Jarinebi: sg. ɕ=áːrâk, pl. k=árâk.
Dagik (Masakin):c=àːràk1
Schadeberg 1981: 20. Plural: k=àːràk. Quoted as sg. s=ár, pl. k=ǝ́r in [Vanderelst 2016: 254]. Distinct from sg. s=ǝ́tːú, pl. m=ǝ́tːú 'stomach' [Vanderelst 2016: 254].
Schadeberg 1981: 20. Plural: ɲáː=rì̯βɛ̀. Meaning tentatively specified as 'small bird', opposed to sg. k=àβɛ̀ːrà, pl. àβɛ̀ːrà 'big bird?' (this second word, however, may be a Nubian borrowing). Jarinebi: sg. árbì, pl. m=árbì.
Dagik (Masakin):ŋ=ùmànd̪í2
Schadeberg 1981: 20. Plural: n̪=ùmànd̪í. Curiously, this same word is only listed in [Vanderelst 2016: 252] in the meaning 'rocket' (sic!): sg. ŋ=ʋ̀màn̪d̪ı́, pl. n̪=ʋ̀màn̪d̪ı́.
Schadeberg 1981: 20. Plural: w=úɽúβɛ̀. Quoted as p=úrβɛ̀ in [Alaki & Norton 2013: 180].
Acheron:b=ǝɽubɛ1
Norton & Alaki 2015: 130. Plural: w=aːɽǝbɛ.
Lumun:p=ʋɽʋβɛ1
Norton & Alaki 2015: 130. Plural: ʋɽʋβɛ.
Torona:p=ʋɽɛ1
Norton & Alaki 2015: 130. Plural: ʋɽɛ.
Number:7
Word:bite
Talodi (Jomang):d̪á=gíʓɔ̀k #
Nding:pá=mà=gɔ́yɔ́1
Schadeberg 1981: 20. Said of dogs. Past form. Formally the same stem as 'to burn' q.v.
Dagik (Masakin):kǝ̀ɽ-ɔ́2
Schadeberg 1981: 20. Imperative form. Quoted as k=ǝɽɔ, with polysemy: 'to get burned / to bite' in [Vanderelst 2016: 249].
Ngile (Daloka):kʋ̀sʋ̀3
Schadeberg 1981: 20. Imperative form. Past stem: t̪á=kɛ̀ːlɒ̀.
Tocho:t̪ɔ́=gɔ́rɔ́k3
Schadeberg 1981: 20. Past stem. Said of dogs.
Acheron:gǝɽɔ3
Norton & Alaki 2015: 142. Basic stem.
Lumun:t̪=ɔ̀gɽɔ̀3
Norton & Alaki 2015: 142. Verbal noun form.
Torona:mbɔ̀=ŋɽɔ́-t3
Norton & Alaki 2015: 142. 1st sg. past stem form.
Number:8
Word:black
Talodi (Jomang):=úɲì
Nding:=ɛ́ndí2
Schadeberg 1981: 21. Used with the prefix t=. Jarinebi: =índîŋ.
Dagik (Masakin):=ɔ́ːβɔ̀ːβɔ̀ #3
Schadeberg 1981: 21. Used with prefixes w=, k=. The same entry also lists =ʋ́nní, cognate with the Talodi equivalent for 'black', but in Dagik, glossed as 'blue'. However, in [Vanderelst 2016: 257] the word ʓ=ón̪í is given with the meaning 'black', so this may be a semantic misglossing on Schadeberg's part.
Ngile (Daloka):=ʋ́ɲì ~ =ʋ́ɲɲì1
Schadeberg 1981: 21. Used with prefixes k=, w=.
Tocho:=ʋ̂ɲ1
Schadeberg 1981: 21. Used with the prefix k=. Quoted as p=oɲi 'black' in [Alaki & Norton 2013: 179].
Acheron:b=ɔɲɲi1
Norton & Alaki 2015: 147. Citation form.
Lumun:p=ɔ̀ɲı́1
Norton & Alaki 2015: 147. Citation form.
Torona:p=ɔ́ɳı́1
Norton & Alaki 2015: 147. Citation form.
Number:9
Word:blood
Talodi (Jomang):ŋ=íːsùk
Nding:ŋ=írʋ̀k2
Schadeberg 1981: 21.
Dagik (Masakin):ŋ=ɛ́ːɽú2
Schadeberg 1981: 21. Quoted as ŋ=érú in [Vanderelst 2016: 251].
Ngile (Daloka):ŋ=ɛ́ːrù2
Schadeberg 1981: 21.
Tocho:ŋ=íɕɕɔ̀k1
Schadeberg 1981: 21. Quoted as ŋ=ıɕɕɔ in [Alaki & Norton 2013: 190].
Acheron:ŋ=ıssɔk1
Norton & Alaki 2015: 130.
Lumun:ŋ=ʋ̀ɕɕʋ́k1
Norton & Alaki 2015: 130. Plural: ɲ=ʋ̀ɕɕʋ́k.
Torona:ŋ=ı̀ɕɕɔ́k1
Norton & Alaki 2015: 130.
Number:10
Word:bone
Talodi (Jomang):ʓ=ímâ
Nding:ɕ=ʋ̀mmɛ̀1
Schadeberg 1981: 21. Plural: m̀=mʷɛ̀. Jarinebi: sg. ɕ=úmâyɲ, pl. m̀=mâyɲ.
Dagik (Masakin):c=ámmɛ̀1
Schadeberg 1981: 21. Plural: m=ámmɛ̀. Quoted as sg. s=ǝ̀mɛ̀, pl. m=ǝ̀mɛ̀ in [Vanderelst 2016: 254].
Ngile (Daloka):s=úmmɛ̀1
Schadeberg 1981: 21. Plural: m=úmmɛ̀.
Tocho:ɕí=mɔ̀ɲàŋ1
Schadeberg 1981: 21. Plural: mɔ̀ɲàŋ.
Acheron:ð=ǝmaɲaŋ1
Norton & Alaki 2015: 130. Plural: m=ǝmaɲaŋ.
Lumun:ɕ=ʋ̀mmı̀àn1
Norton & Alaki 2015: 130. Plural: m=ʋ̀mmı̀àn.
Torona:ɕ=ɔ̀mɔ̀ɲáŋ1
Norton & Alaki 2015: 130. Plural: m=ɔ̀mɔ̀ɲáŋ.
Number:11
Word:breast
Nding:
Not attested. Cf. sg. ɕ=ìnʓìk, pl. k=ìnʓìk 'breast (female?)' in [Schadeberg 1981: 21].
Dagik (Masakin):
Not attested. Cf. sg. c=ǝ́cì, pl. k=ǝ́cì 'breast (female?)' in [Schadeberg 1981: 21], quoted as sg. s=ǝ̀sì, pl. k=ǝ̀sì in [Vanderelst 2016: 254].
Ngile (Daloka):
Not attested. Cf. sg. s=ìmmì, pl. h=ìmmì ~ m=ìmmì 'breast (female?)' in [Schadeberg 1981: 21] (additional idiolectal variant: sg. s=ímmì, pl. h=ímmì).
Tocho:
Not attested in Schadeberg's data. Cf. ɕ=ínʓìk, pl. k=ínʓìk 'breast (female?)' in [Schadeberg 1981: 21], quoted as ɕ=ı́ɲɕı́k ~ ɕ=ı́ɲʓı́k in [Alaki & Norton 2013: 181]. Cf. also ɕ=eðuk 'chest' in [Alaki & Norton 2013: 179]; ɕ=ɛːrɛŋ 'chest' in [Alaki & Norton 2013: 184].
Acheron:ð=ǝmmı1
Norton & Alaki 2015: 131. Plural: m=ǝmmı. Cf. ð=ǝnsik, pl. g=ǝnsik 'breast (female)' in [Norton & Alaki 2015: 130].
Lumun:p=ɛ̀rɛ́2
Norton & Alaki 2015: 131. Plural: ɛ̀rɛ́. Cf. ɕ=immik, pl. k=immik 'breast (female)' in [Norton & Alaki 2015: 130].
Torona:
Not attested. Cf. k=ǝmǝk 'breast (female)?' in [Norton & Alaki 2015: 130].
Number:12
Word:burn tr.
Talodi (Jomang):bàː=gíʓɔ̀ #
Nding:pà=ɣɔ́yɔ̀ #2
Schadeberg 1981: 22. Formally the same stem as 'to bite' q.v. Used with the word 'stick' as a subject; unclear if the stem is transitive, intransitive, or both.
Dagik (Masakin):t̪áː=gǝ́ɽɔ̀ #3
Schadeberg 1981: 22. Formally the same stem as 'to bite' q.v. Used with the word 'fire' as a subject, so formally intransitive; unclear if the transitive 'burn' is lexically different or not.
Ngile (Daloka):kà=lǝ̀gɔ̀ #4
Schadeberg 1981: 22. Used with the word 'fire' as a subject, so formally intransitive; unclear if the transitive 'burn' is lexically different or not.
Tocho:b=úːʓû #5
Schadeberg 1981: 22. Used with the word 'stick' as a subject, so formally intransitive; unclear if the transitive 'burn' is lexically different or not. Quoted as b=uʓu 'burn' in [Alaki & Norton 2013: 182].
Acheron:gǝɽɔ3
Norton & Alaki 2015: 142. Basic stem. Same word as 'to bite' q.v.
Lumun:t̪=ɔ̀gɽɛ̀3
Norton & Alaki 2015: 142. Verbal noun. Same word as 'to bite' q.v.
Torona:t=ɔ̀gɔ̀ɽɛ̀3
Norton & Alaki 2015: 142. Verbal noun. Same word as 'to bite' q.v.
Number:13
Word:claw(nail)
Talodi (Jomang):g=áːrǝ̯́lì
Nding:k=áːdɛ̀dɛ̀1
Schadeberg 1981: 22. Polysemy: 'claw / nail'.
Dagik (Masakin):g̥=áːwí2
Schadeberg 1981: 34. Plural: w=áːwí. Cf. sg. ŋ=áwı́, pl. n̪=áwı́ 'finger' in [Vanderelst 2016: 251].
Schadeberg 1981: 23. Polysemy: 'cloud / sky'. Differently in Jarinebi's idiolect: sg. t̪=ʋ́t̪ɛ̂, pl. n=át̪ɛ̂.
Dagik (Masakin):t=át̪t̪ɛ̀2
Schadeberg 1981: 23. Plural: n=át̪t̪ɛ̀. Quoted as sg. t=ǝ̀t̪ːɛ̀, pl. n=ǝ̀t̪ːɛ̀ in [Vanderelst 2016: 255].
Ngile (Daloka):ɗ=ít̪t̪ɛ̀2
Schadeberg 1981: 23. Plural: n=ít̪t̪ɛ̀.
Tocho:b=íʓʓɛ̀3
Schadeberg 1981: 23. Accompanied with a question mark; an additional listed synonym is k=úrúbàŋ, with polysemy: 'dust / fog / cloud (?)'. However, in [Alaki & Norton 2013: 187] 'cloud' is glossed as b=iʓe, confirming Schadeberg's first entry. On the other hand, in [Norton & Alaki 2015: 131] the Tocho equivalent for 'cloud' is given as k=ʋt̪t̪ɛ - an etymological cognate of the common Talodi equivalent, but hardly related to b=íʓʓɛ̀, so the situation remains unclear.
Acheron:g=ǝt̪t̪ɛ2
Norton & Alaki 2015: 131. Plural: n=ǝt̪t̪ɛ.
Lumun:t=ʋ̀t̪t̪ɛ̀2
Norton & Alaki 2015: 131. Plural: n=ʋt̪t̪ɛ.
Torona:kʷ=ùt̪t̪è2
Norton & Alaki 2015: 131. Also kɔɲı id., but glossed with polysemy: 'cloud / fog'.
Number:15
Word:cold
Talodi (Jomang):=íttìŋ
Nding:=ít̪t̪îŋ1
Schadeberg 1981: 23. Used with the prefix ŋ=. Polysemy: 'cold / wet'.
Dagik (Masakin):=ìt̪t̪î1
Schadeberg 1981: 23. Used with the prefix ŋ=. Quoted as ʓ=ít̪ːí in [Vanderelst 2016: 256]. Cf. also the noun 'cold', glossed as késú in [Vanderelst 2016: 250].
Ngile (Daloka):=ít̪t̪ì1
Schadeberg 1981: 23. Used with the prefix ŋ=.
Tocho:=ít̪t̪ì1
Schadeberg 1981: 23. Used with the prefix ŋ=.
Acheron:b=it̪t̪iŋ1
Norton & Alaki 2015: 151.
Lumun:p=ı̀rʋ̀k1
Norton & Alaki 2015: 151.
Torona:ı̀ɽʋ̀k1
Norton & Alaki 2015: 151.
Number:16
Word:come
Talodi (Jomang):àgú
Nding:àkʋ̂1
Schadeberg 1981: 23. Imperative form. The 3rd p. sg. seems to be suppletive: áyɔ́.
Dagik (Masakin):=áːrɛ̀2
Schadeberg 1981: 23. The actual prefixal forms for the imperative are k=áːrɛ̀ and t̪=áːrɛ̀. Cf. also bàː=cɔ̀ (past) [ibid.]. Cf. the suppletive paradigm in [Vanderelst 2016: 110]: tas-ɔ 'to come', imperative ŋgarɛ 'come!'.
Ngile (Daloka):áŋgʋ̀1
Schadeberg 1981: 23. Imperative form. Cf. the (suppletive) past stem: kɔ́=rʋ̀gʋ̀.
Tocho:àːrı̀k2
Schadeberg 1981: 23. Imperative form. Cf. the (suppletive) past stem: βáː=ʓɔ̀k. Cf. the form l=aʓɔk 'came' in [Alaki & Norton 2013: 184].