Shipley 1963: 208. Polysemy: 'all / every bit'. Derived from ʔɨpˈe 'just, only ... and no more' [Shipley 1963: 208, 239]. Cf. also ʔɨpˈe-kʼan-ɓe 'all of them / each and every' [Shipley 1963: 208, 211], ʔɨpˈe-kʼan-ɗˌɨk 'all, every last one, every single...' [ibid.], kˌan-ˈi 'all, the whole of it, all there is' [Shipley 1963: 132, 211]. Textual examples in [Shipley 1963: 20-21, 32-33, 76-77] show that ʔɨpˈe-kʼan-ˌi is the basic word for "plural" 'all'.

Ultan 1967: 94. Attested in the following sentence: ʔˈipekˌanimsa wˈoːnoɓˌosin "they all died off". -im- is the subject case ending [Ultan 1967: 145], -sa is an allomorph of neutral modal auxiliary ha, cliticized to the first constituent of the clause [Ultan 1967: 122-123]. Alternative candidate: ʔˈiɓeː 'all' [Ultan 1967: 136]. We tentatively choose ʔˈipe-kˌan- because it occurs in a diagnostic context for 'all = omnis'.

Eatough 1999: 40. Quoted as kante, kantem haɗek in [Paul 1967: 19].

Shipley 1963: 165, 212. From pʼi- (attested, e.g., in pʼi-ɓˈu- 'be charred, blackened, burnt' [Shipley 1963: 165, 216], pʼi-lˈis 'hot' [Shipley 1963: 166, 230]) and ɗˌus-ˈi 'powder' [Shipley 1963: 107, 242]. Cf. also the word kʼˈaw=ɗus-ˌi 'dust' (literally 'dirt powder') that means 'ashes' in the speech of one of the informants, Marie Potts [Shipley 1963: 138, 222].

Ultan 1961: 7. A compound formation from sˈa 'fire' and an unidentified root pɨpɨ.

Paul 1967: 19. A compound formation from sa 'fire' and the root yol which apparenly means 'dust'. Not attested in [Eatough 1999].

Shipley 1963: 131, 213. Glossed as 'thin-layered bark'. The Maidu language distinguishes between kapˈu 'thin-layered bark', kapˈu-m-i id. [Shipley 1963: 131, 213], on one side, and hulˈekɨ 'thick heavy bark, as from a pine tree' [Shipley 1963: 121, 213] on the other. It is not easy to decide which word is the 'basic' one. We tentatively choose kapˈu-m-i, because it occurs several times in the texts [Shipley 1963: 12-13, 46-47, 48-49, 62-63], whereas hulˈekɨ (and kapˈu) are found only in the dictionary. In [Shipley 1963: 131], kapˈu and kapˈu-m-i are listed as derived from the root ka- with unclear meaning, but, since no other derivatives of this root are attested, and the nature of the element -pu is unknown, the morphological segmentation remains tentative.

Not attested.

Eatough 1999: 40; Paul 1967: 19.

Shipley 1963: 138, 214. Polysemy: 'belly / stomach'.

Ultan 1961: 5. Alternative candidate: hˈaykʼatʼi 'belly' [ibid.].

Eatough 1999: 41; Paul 1967: 19. Alternative candidate: kʼam 'belly' [Eatough 1999: 41].

Shipley 1963: 176, 214.

Ultan 1961: 12.

Eatough 1999: 41. Quoted as nemɨ 'big (It's big)' in [Paul 1967: 19].

Shipley 1963: 142, 214. Derived from kʼˌutʼ-ˈi 'creature' (a generic term for small animals, birds, etc.) [Shipley 1963: 142, 219].

Ultan 1961: 9. Literally 'winged animal' (yˈeː 'wing' [Ultan 1961: 6], kʼˈutʼ-i 'animal' [Ultan 1961: 8]).

Eatough 1999: 41. Glossed as 'bird (generic)'. Quoted as ɗɨɗɨn in [Paul 1967: 19].

Shipley 1963: 105, 214. Polysemy: 'taste (something) / bite'.

Ultan 1961: 14.

Eatough 1999: 41. Quoted as ɗoʔ in [Paul 1967: 19].

Shipley 1963: 169, 214. A reduplicated form.

Ultan 1961: 6. Another candidate is ʔˈe=ɓut-i 'black' [ibid.].

Eatough 1999: 41. Quoted as pʼiː-buɗ in [Paul 1967: 19].

Shipley 1963: 168, 215.

Ultan 1961: 6.

Eatough 1999: 41; Paul 1967: 19.

Shipley 1963: 96, 215.

Ultan 1961: 6.

Paul 1967: 19. Not attested in [Eatough 1999].

Shipley 1963: 155, 217. Glossed as 'chest of body'. Distinct from mˌin-ˈi 'milk / woman's breast' [Shipley 1963: 152, 215].

Ultan 1961: 5. Glossed as 'chest'. Distinct from mˈin-i 'woman's breast / nipple / milk' [Ultan 1961: 5, 15].

Eatough 1999: 42. Glossed as 'chest'. Quoted as tutuʔ 'breast (or chest)' in [Paul 1967: 19]. Distinct from min 'breast' [Eatough 1999: 41] (apparently female breast, judging by cognates in other Maiduan languages).

Shipley 1963: 178, 216. Glossed as 'burn (something)'. Derived with the causative suffix -ti- from tˈɨ- 'burn (not as a fire, but the object that burns)'.

Ultan 1967: 90. Derived with the causative suffix -ti- from čʼˈoː- (morphophonologically {cʼóH-}) 'burn (intr.)'.

Eatough 1999: 41. Glossed as 'burn (something)'. Quoted as ɗantip 'burn something' in [Paul 1967: 19]. Related to tʼaːno 'burn (be burned)' [ibid.]. Alternative candidate: sa-ti 'burn (something)' [ibid.], derived from sa 'fire', q.v.

Shipley 1963: 90, 225. Polysemy: 'claw / nail / hoof'. Cf. also the compound form mˈa=ɓiȶʼ-ˌi 'fingernail' [Shipley 1963: 90, 225] (with mˈa 'hand' q.v.).

Ultan 1961: 5. Polysemy: 'claw / fingernail'. The latter meaning can also be expressed by a compound form: mˌaːm=čʼˈiɓ-i [ibid.] (with mˈaː 'hand' q.v.).

Eatough 1999: 43. Glossed as 'fingernail'. Quoted as ɓicʼiː 'claw' in [Paul 1967: 19] and ɓicʼi 'fingernail' in [Paul 1967: 20].

Shipley 1963: 123, 218.

Ultan 1961: 7. Polysemy: 'cloud / sky'.

Eatough 1999: 42; Paul 1967: 19.

Not attested properly. The dictionary lists only ɗˈupe 'cold (physically, of a person)' and ɗˈupe-ti 'cold (of the weather, but not freezing)' [Shipley 1963: 107, 218].

Ultan 1961: 12. According to [Ultan 1967: 46], there are two variants of this word without any semantic contrast, ʔˈiːtɨkʼ-ɨn and ʔˈiːtʼɨkʼ-ɨn.

Eatough 1999: 42. Quoted as ɓɨti 'cold weather' in [Paul 1967: 19]. Cf. tal 'to be cold' [Paul 1967: 19].

Shipley 1963: 207, 218. ʔɨ= is glossed as "a general morpheme occurring as first member of a large number of compound stems with meanings involving motion or location. The second member of these compounds (which supplies the specific meaning) is always one or a group of MLA" (motion-location auxiliaries) [Shipley 1963: 206]. =ye- is a motion-location auxiliary meaning 'hither' [Shipley 1964: 42].

Ultan 1961: 13. Morphological analysis: empty prefix ʔˈɨ=, locative directional root =yeː ({=jeH} in Ultan's morphophonological notation) 'continuous motion in an unspecified direction / come (hither) without implication as to goal' [Ultan 1967: 76]. Alternative candidate: ʔˈɨ=ɗaː 'come' [Ultan 1961: 13] (contains locative directional root =ɗaː 'off of or away from and toward a goal, come toward' [Ultan 1967: 73]).

Eatough 1999: 42. Quoted as u=ɗaw-i 'coming (of someone)' in [Paul 1967: 19]. Alternative candidate: upi 'come' [Paul 1967: 19].

Shipley 1963: 194, 221.

Ultan 1967: 129.

Eatough 1999: 42; Paul 1967: 20.

Shipley 1963: 172, 221. Polysemy: 'dog / pet, domestic animal / horse'. Cf. also wˈepa-m sˈɨ 'dog', literally 'coyote pet' [ibid.].

Ultan 1961: 8. Cf. sˈukku 'pet / master' [Ultan 1967: 161].

Eatough 1999: 42; Paul 1967: 20.

Shipley 1963: 153, 222.

Ultan 1961: 14.

Eatough 1999: 42. Quoted as moʔ in [Paul 1967: 20].

Shipley 1963: 166, 222. Glossed as 'dried out, dry'. Compounded with the root pʼi- (see under 'ashes').

Ultan 1961: 12.

Eatough 1999: 42; Paul 1967: 20.