Kratochvíl 2007: 454; Kratochvíl & Delpada 2008: 36, 248. Polysemy: 'wood, log, plank, board / tree / tree trunk'. This is the basic word for '(standing/living) tree' as is proved by many examples, cf.: "some trees are standing over there" [Kratochvíl & Delpada 2008: 36]; "climb some tree over there!" [Kratochvíl 2007: 117]; "branch of a big tree" [Kratochvíl 2007: 147]; "back side of two trees" [Kratochvíl 2007: 148]; "the top of that tree is bent and comes down towards the west" [Kratochvíl 2007: 149]; "seed of a tree" [Kratochvíl 2007: 150]; "if he climbs the tree, people would shoot him" [Kratochvíl 2007: 211]; "the yellow pumpkin has grows over the tree" [Kratochvíl 2007: 248]; "that big tree fell on the house" [Kratochvíl 2007: 250]; "children were playing under the tree, when it broke on them" [Kratochvíl 2007: 355].
Another candidate is ʔiyˈa ([Kratochvíl 2007: 465]; [Kratochvíl & Delpada 2008: 60, 248]) 'trunk / tree', but the only example found is "coconut tree" [Kratochvíl & Delpada 2008: 60]. Occasionally glossed as 'tree stem, trunk' in [Kratochvíl 2007: 59].
Makadai Abui: batˈaʔ Stokhof 1975: 54 (#44). The same term. A translation of the English entry 'tree/wood'.
\1:Atimelang Abui\2:Атимеланг Абуи #:iyˈer-i2
Stokhof 1975: 53 (#44). The sources vary. As in some other such cases we prefer to follow Stokhof's data.
In [DuBois 1938/1987: 91 (#734, 735)] 'wood (timber)' is translated as bata, whereas 'tree' is glossed as bata ya (probably a compound contraction < bata iya). In her turn, Nicolspeyer translates iya as 'trunk of a tree' [Nicolspeyer 1940: 165] and tey as 'wood (forest); tree' [Nicolspeyer 1940: 176].
Stokhof's iyˈer-i (if it is segmentable as iyˈe-r-i) can contain the same root iya.
\1:Bring Klon\2:Бринг Клон:eteʔ ~ ʔeteʔ3
Baird 2008: 196; Stokhof 1975: 48 (#44). In [Stokhof 1975], transcribed as ǝtey. Polysemy: 'tree / wood'. Browsing through [Baird 2008] suggests that it is the default expression for 'tree', cf. the examples: "Deer and pig came, I was scared, I climbed a tree" [Baird 2008: 31], "This is jackfruit sap, we can put it up on tree branches" [Baird 2008: 53], "There are two pigs in this photo and one person standing near a tree" [Baird 2008: 123], "this tree is called 'red wood'" [Baird 2008: 130], "Those three walked until (they were) beneath the fruit tree" [Baird 2008: 150], "This one who is the picker up the tree" [Baird 2008: 151], "then he looked into the tree hole" [Baird 2008: 152], "They just built (a fence) with a tree" [Baird 2008: 159]. Additionally, eteʔ is also used in the expressions for 'bark' q.v. (eteʔ=kuy, literally 'skin of tree'; ete=wak, literally 'hug of tree') and 'leaf' q.v. (ete=wey, literally 'leaf of tree').
Distinct from bok [Baird 2008: 191], attested in specific trees names: tomlir bok 'tomlir-tree' [Baird 2008: 99], ata bok 'coconut tree' [Baird 2008: 189], 'kapok tree' [Baird 2008: 59].
Distinct from yar ~ yaːr 'trunk (Indonesian: batang pohon)' [Baird 2008: 64, 227]; it also serves as a noun classifier 'trees' [Baird 2008: 64]. Cf. the discovered examples: "So all those people who go shooting use the kapok tree as a hunting hide and they sit there" [Baird 2008: 84], "Her hair fell down (below) the kapok tree" [Baird 2008: 120].
Paneia Klon: atey, quoted in the slot 'tree / wood' [Stokhof 1975: 49 (#44)].
Makadai Abui: ayokˈu Stokhof 1975: 54 (#63). The same term.
\1:Atimelang Abui\2:Атимеланг Абуи #:ayuku1
DuBois 1938/1987: 96 (#1294); Nicolspeyer 1940: 156. In [Stokhof 1975: 53 (#63)] this word is glossed as ˈoki (the form is obviously related to Common Abui ayuku/ayoku, but details are unclear).
\1:Bring Klon\2:Бринг Клон:orok1
Baird 2008: 62. In [Stokhof 1975: 48 (#63)], quoted as ǝru, apparently an error.
Paneia Klon: ǝrak 'two' [Stokhof 1975: 49 (#63)].
Number:92
Word:walk (go)
\1:Takalelang Abui\2:Такалеланг Абуи:yˈaː1
Kratochvíl 2007: 503; Kratochvíl & Delpada 2008: 140, 215. An alternating verb: yˈaː (imperfective) / yˈaː-r (perfective), class II.E according to [Kratochvíl 2007: 83, 210]. Cf. the paronymous noun yˈaː 'road' q.v.
Cf. also a more specific verb lˈol 'to walk, wander' [Kratochvíl 2007: 474], [Kratochvíl & Delpada 2008: 79].
Makadai Abui: lˈak-i Stokhof 1975: 54 (#91). A different term, corresponding to Abui Takalelang lˈàk 'to leave for (towards a deictic centre)', Abui Atimelang lak ~ lak-e '(verb of motion)' (see notes on 'come').
\1:Atimelang Abui\2:Атимеланг Абуи #:ya1
Stokhof 1975: 53 (#91). See notes on 'to come'.
\1:Bring Klon\2:Бринг Клон:agai2
Baird 2008: 188; Stokhof 1975: 48 (#91). There are two main candidates for the generic verb 'to go' in Bring Klon: agai and waː, both are glossed as 'to go (Indonesian: pergi)' in [Baird 2008: 188, 226].
Cf. some examples for agai 'to go': "Miss Keterina come up so that we go!" [Baird 2008: 68], "until they went over there to the male elders" [Baird 2008: 88], "It was (= it went to) garden-clearing season" [Baird 2008: 55], "the ruler ordered his guards to go to Keterina" [Baird 2008: 113], "I can go and help them" [Baird 2008: 139], "go to the market and buy fish" [Baird 2008: 140]. Actually, agai is a very common word in Bring Klon: it has been grammaticalized as a perfective exponent [Baird 2008: 114] and as the adverb 'until', and it is also the default verb in directional serial verb constructions [Baird 2008: 145].
Cf. some examples for waː 'to go': "No, they didn't go" [Baird 2008: 31], "So the younger brother went, ah the lemon thorns stabbed him here and stabbed him there" [Baird 2008: 72], "Go and get that jumping ball and bring it" [Baird 2008: 121], "Pransina went and hit her three times" [Baird 2008: 162], "then they went to the source of the river" [Baird 2008: 174], "Those two went in close to them, they went and cut straight" [Baird 2008: 183].
We treat agai and waː as synonyms.
There is a number of additional verbs, glossed as 'to go (Indonesian: pergi)' in [Baird 2008], but without good examples: ip [Baird 2008: 204], rap [Baird 2008: 219], tawaː [Baird 2008: 220].
Distinct from the more specific verbs aːp 'to step, go' [Baird 2008: 190] and lam 'to walk' [Baird 2008: 208], cf., e.g., "So we walked (lam), we went reaching (the place of the fallen trees)" [Baird 2008: 34].
Kratochvíl 2007: 473; Kratochvíl & Delpada 2008: 78, 251. Polysemy: 'to be warm / to be hot'. An antonym to palˈaːt-a 'to be cold' q.v. [Kratochvíl 2007: 96].
Makadai Abui: lˈilaʔ Stokhof 1975: 54 (#112). The same term.
\1:Atimelang Abui\2:Атимеланг Абуи #:lˈil-a1
DuBois 1938/1987: 94 (#1104-1105) (as lilaʔ); Stokhof 1975: 53 (#112) (as lˈilaʔ). Polysemy: 'to be warm / to be hot' [DuBois 1938/1987: 102 (fn. 122)].
There are two words glossed as 'hot (Indonesian: panas)' in [Baird 2008: 202, 224]: hǝrak and tut; out of them, only tut is quoted in [Stokhof 1975] (for the slot 'warm'). Cf. the discovered example for tut: "to cook, to boil water, to heat (tut) water, we eat and drink' [Baird 2008: 41].
The exact meaning of hǝrak is unclear, in the available examples hǝrak is only applied to humans: "he is hot" [Baird 2008: 76], "The sun heats (hǝrak) me up" [Baird 2008: 76], "The fire makes me (unbearably) hot (hǝrak)" [Baird 2008: 76].
Kratochvíl 2007: 77; Kratochvíl & Delpada 2008: 10, 95. Exclusive (erroneously glossed as inclusive in [Kratochvíl & Delpada 2008: 95]).
\1:Atimelang Abui\2:Атимеланг Абуи #:ni ~ nu-fa1
Nicolspeyer 1940: 172. Clusivity is unspecified in [Nicolspeyer 1940: 172]. In [DuBois 1938/1987: 97 (#1366)] 'we (excl.)' is translated as pi-do (cf. the inclusive form below), which seems to be erroneous.
\1:Bring Klon\2:Бринг Клон:nǝ-gi ~ ni1
Baird 2008: 67. The exclusive actor form of the plural pronoun (may refer to dual or multiple subject). Baird notes that the reduced variant ni is more informal; the hortative variant is nǝga. The undergoer verb prefix 'us (excl.)' is nǝg- [Baird 2008: 69].
There is also a specific dual actor form: nǝgǝ-le 'we two (excl.)' [Baird 2008: 76].
DuBois 1938/1987: 97 (#1365); Stokhof 1984: 125; Nicolspeyer 1940: 173. Clusivity is unspecified in [Nicolspeyer 1940: 172]. The final -d-o is an auxiliary verbal element (cf. [Kratochvíl 2007: 457] for Abui Takalelang data).
\1:Bring Klon\2:Бринг Клон:pi-n ~ pi2
Baird 2008: 67. The inclusive actor form of the plural pronoun (may refer to dual or multiple subject). Baird notes that the reduced variant pi is more informal; the hortative variant is pa. The undergoer verb prefix 'us (incl.)' is t- [Baird 2008: 69].
There is also a specific dual actor form pǝ-le 'we two (incl.)' [Baird 2008: 76].
Baird 2008: 216; Stokhof 1975: 48 (#32). A compound, whose second element kǝneʔ (Stokhof: keni) is also attested in om-kǝne 'man' q.v.
In fact, there are two nouns glossed as 'woman (Indonesian: perempuan)' in [Baird 2008: 216, 217]: o-kǝneʔ 'wowan' and oːl 'woman / wife'. In [Stokhof 1975], only o-kǝneʔ is quoted for the slot 'woman'; on the contrary, in [Baird 2008: 64], oːl is discussed as the generic term for 'woman'.
Cf. the attested examples: "One large woman (oːl) is very well dressed and maybe going out" [Baird 2008: 118], "the woman (oːl) didn't want ..." [Baird 2008: 121], "The ruler called them, so the women (okǝneʔ) came" [Baird 2008: 80].
We are forced to treat o-kǝneʔ and oːl as synonyms.
Paneia Klon: anim-ar, quoted in the slot 'woman / female' [Stokhof 1975: 49 (#32)]. A compound, whose first element is also attested in anim-oh 'man' q.v.
Dictionaries quote two words for 'yellow' without any specifications:
1) mea-kilˈay 'to be yellow, have the colour of ripe mango' ([Kratochvíl 2007: 477]; [Kratochvíl & Delpada 2008: 86, 253]) ← mˈea 'mango' + kil-ˈa-y 'to drop off, fall off' (i.e. 'ripe mango ready to fall down'). An example: "tree leaves are yellow".
2) ʔadˈet 'pumpkin, yellow vegetable / yellow colour, the same colour as a ripe pumpkin' ([Kratochvíl 2007: 447]; [Kratochvíl & Delpada 2008: 22, 253]). An example: "One yellow ball, and a red one".
Both expressions are apparently innovative. We treat them as synonyms.
Kratochvíl 2007: 96, 457; Kratochvíl & Delpada 2008: 42, 212. Verbal stem: 'to be far, be in a remote place'. Note the place of stress. Maybe derived from buwˈok 'to ambush, lie in wait, lurk'. Opposite to pek-ˈa 'to be near' (q.v.) [Kratochvíl 2007: 96].
\1:Atimelang Abui\2:Атимеланг Абуи #:
Unattested.
\1:Bring Klon\2:Бринг Клон:let2
Baird 2008: 209. Glossed as 'far (Indonesian: jauh)'. Cf. the attested examples: "his place was very far" [Baird 2008: 39], "we wouldn't come up (again) it was so far" [Baird 2008: 155].
Paneia Klon: ponah 'far (Indonesian: jauh)' [Baird 2008: 228]. This word is also attested in Bring Klon in the following example: "they were hungry and thirsty, they had walked a long way (ponah)" [Baird 2008: 171].
Number:102
Word:heavy
\1:Takalelang Abui\2:Такалеланг Абуи:tihˈay1
Kratochvíl 2007: 496; Kratochvíl & Delpada 2008: 125, 218. Polysemy: 'heavy / serious / difficult'. Cf. the following examples: "These five big drums are heavy" [Kratochvíl 2007: 504]; "Heavy or light, we shall carry together" [Kratochvíl & Delpada 2008: 129].
\1:Atimelang Abui\2:Атимеланг Абуи #:tuhoy1
DuBois 1938/1987: 94 (#1095) (as tuhoyʔ).
\1:Bring Klon\2:Бринг Клон:tǝkoːr1
Baird 2008: 222.
Number:103
Word:near
\1:Takalelang Abui\2:Такалеланг Абуи:pˈeːk-a1
Kratochvíl 2007: 96, 485; Kratochvíl & Delpada 2008: 103, 227. Verbal stem: 'to be near'. There is also a shortened form pˈe 'to be near' ([Kratochvíl 2007: 96]; [Kratochvíl & Delpada 2008: 103]), but this is probably secondary. Apparently derived from pˈeːk ~ pˈek 'to approach'. Opposite to buwˈok-a 'to be far' q.v. [Kratochvíl 2007: 96].
\1:Atimelang Abui\2:Атимеланг Абуи #:niŋ2
Nicolspeyer 1940: 172.
\1:Bring Klon\2:Бринг Клон:ab3
Baird 2008: 187. There are several words glossed as 'close (Indonesian: dekat)' in [Baird 2008], out of which ab seems to be the most common, cf. the attested examples: "Two nights ago Mr Official M.U. came looking for us approaching (ab) our leader" [Baird 2008: 33], "There are two pigs in this photo and one person standing near (ab) a tree" [Baird 2008: 123], "If I'm staying close to (ab) them then I can ..." [Baird 2008: 139], "they approached (ab) the wood that had been placed and they lifted" [Baird 2008: 179], "so those who carried approached (ab) and they sat down" [Baird 2008: 180], "so they went and approached each other, got closer (ab) to each other" [Baird 2008: 182].
Other candidates are dale 'close (Indonesian: dekat)' [Baird 2008: 192] with two dubious examples "Their backs face Y, their backs are over there close to (dale) Y's house" [Baird 2008: 92], "The mug is on the left (i.e., close to the left side; dale)" [Baird 2008: 130]; dan 'close (Indonesian: dekat)' [Baird 2008: 192]; tǝdiŋ 'parallel / close by (Indonesian: dekat)' [Baird 2008: 221].
Number:104
Word:salt
\1:Takalelang Abui\2:Такалеланг Абуи:ʔatˈi1
Kratochvíl 2007: 451; Kratochvíl & Delpada 2008: 31, 237. The term represents an old Austronesian loanword.
\1:Atimelang Abui\2:Атимеланг Абуи #:ati1
DuBois 1938/1987: 90 (#563).
Note that in [Nicolspeyer 1940: 162] quite a different term for 'salt' is quoted: fut.
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