Kratochvíl 2007: 493; Kratochvíl & Delpada 2008: 119, 196. Meaning glossed as 'to be all, altogether'. All the examples found in [Kratochvíl 2007] demonstrate the meaning 'omnis', not 'totus'. Morphologically, not entirely clear; should probably be analyzed as ta=fu-d-a with the fossilized pronominal distributive prefix ta- and, possibly, the auxiliary verb d-a.
Cf. also lokˈu 'non singular marker of individuated referents' ([Kratochvíl 2007: 474]ː [Kratochvíl & Delpada 2008: 79]).
Baird 2008: 40. Meaning 'omnis'; attested in the only example "we make firewood from all (onon) the small branches" [Baird 2008: 40], not quoted in the glossary section of [Baird 2008].
A second candidate is iʔal ~ al 'all (Indonesian: semua)' [Baird 2008: 204]. But the available examples at, this field is for all (al) of us to play on" [Baird 2008: 133], "then his basket fell, and him, and his bike, everything (iʔal) fell" [Baird 2rather point to the non-attributive meaning: "I'm showing all (iʔal) of these she owns/of hers" [Baird 2008: 92], "so that we all (al) know and we all listen" [Baird 2008: 131], "We all (al) helped clear this field, so play don't fight" [Baird 2008: 133], "don't be like th008: 139], "my legs and arms were all (iʔal) shaking uncontrollably" [Baird 2008: 156].
Other candidates are maːŋ ~ me=maːŋ 'all (Indonesian: semua)' [Baird 2008: 210] and hǝboh 'all (Indonesian: seluruh)' [Baird 2008: 200] - both without textual examples.
Number:2
Word:ashes
\1:Takalelang Abui\2:Такалеланг Абуи:ʔar-u-y1
Kratochvíl 2007: 450; Kratochvíl & Delpada 2008: 29, 198. Polysemy: 'ashes / to incinerate, turn into ashes'. Derived from the verb =ˈal / =ˈar 'to burn' q.v.
Makadai Abui: ar-ˈu-y Stokhof 1975: 54 (#76). The same term.
Baird 2008: 224; Stokhof 1975: 48 (#76). Polysemy: 'ashes / dust'. Harmonized from *ad-uː-r. It should be noted that in the example in [Baird 2008: 147], this word is transcribed as udur.
Kratochvíl 2007: 466; Kratochvíl & Delpada 2008: 63, 199. Polysemy: 'tree bark / fruit peel'. Cf. the verb kˈuy 'to peel, take off skin' [Kratochvíl & Delpada 2008: 72].
The expression batˈaː kˈul, literally 'tree's skin', can also be used for 'bark' (as, e.g., in the example "the tree bark is very compact" [Kratochvíl 2007: 495]) - borrowed from Indonesian kulit 'skin', kulit pohon 'bark' (literally 'tree's skin').
DuBois 1938/1987: 91 (#748). The expression bata he=kuli, literally 'tree's skin' with possr=kuli 'skin' q.v. Borrowed from Indonesian kulit 'skin', kulit pohon 'bark' (literally 'tree's skin').
Cf. abok 'tree bark' quoted in [Nicolspeyer 1940: 96 (#12), 156], but this word can denote some special kind of bark.
Cf. also ka 'bark cloth (i.e. cloth made of bark)' in ka munuma 'white bark cloth', ka but ka 'red bark cloth', ka mal ka 'coastal bark cloth' [DuBois 1938/1987: 91 (#598)].
\1:Bring Klon\2:Бринг Клон:eteʔ=kui ~ ʔete=kui1
Baird 2008: 196. Literally 'tree's skin', where kui = 'skin' q.v.
A second expression for 'bark' is ete=wak [Baird 2008: 196], literally 'hug of tree' with wak 'hug' [Baird 2008: 226] (a reduced form of expected **eteʔ=wak). We treat both compounds as synonyms.
poss=tˈoːk, glossed as 'intestine, stomach' ("I feel sick", lit. 'my intestines hurt me'; "I am hungry", lit. 'my intestines are hungry'; "I am not hungry anymore", lit. 'my stomach is tight') [Kratochvíl & Delpada 2008: 129, 244], [Kratochvíl 2007: 461].
The difference between these four terms is unclear. Tentatively we fill the slot by ʔatˈey, which is glossed as 'belly' in our sources.
Makadai Abui: tˈok Stokhof 1975: 54 (#23). The same term as in Abui Atimelang.
DuBois 1938/1987: 87 (#54); Stokhof 1975: 53 (#23). Quoted as tok-e 'belly' in [DuBois 1938/1987: 87 (#54)], as tˈok 'stomach' in [Stokhof 1975: 53]. Cf. the meaning 'intestines' in tok falala 'small intestines', tok kuluta 'large intestines' [DuBois 1938/1987: 87 (#55)], na=tok na=rik 'my stomach aches' [DuBois 1944: 565 (#96)].
Cf. also tebak which is quoted in [DuBois 1938/1987: 87 (#54)] as a synonym of tok-e 'belly'.
\1:Bring Klon\2:Бринг Клон:bet3
Baird 2008: 191; Stokhof 1975: 48 (#23). Polysemy: 'belly / stomach'. For the meaning 'belly', cf. the following example: "So I, myself, massaged my belly" [Baird 2008: 78]. For the meaning 'stomach': "we eat until our stomachs are full" [Baird 2008: 147], "So one or two fruits is good, we have small stomachs, and we couldn't finish eating it" [Baird 2008: 171].
Paneia Klon: bet, quoted in the slot 'stomach' [Stokhof 1975: 49 (#23)].
Makadai Abui: fˈok-a Stokhof 1975: 54 (#77). The same term.
\1:Atimelang Abui\2:Атимеланг Абуи #:fˈok-a1
DuBois 1938/1987: 94 (#1061); Nicolspeyer 1940: 162; Stokhof 1975: 53 (#77). Also in [DuBois 1944: 564 (#58)] in lu foka 'large ravine or river'.
Cf. also lˈeya quoted in [Stokhof 1975: 53 (#77)] as a synonym of fˈok-a, this word is also attested in wa witi leya 'to smile' [DuBois 1938/1987: 88 (#165)] (wa 'mouth', witi ~ weti 'tooth').
\1:Bring Klon\2:Бринг Клон:aːl2
Baird 2008: 190; Stokhof 1975: 48 (#77). Glossed as 'big (Indonesian: besar)'. This is the basic expression for 'big' in Bring Klon, cf. the attested examples: "big basket" [Baird 2008: 57], "The rooster isn't big yet" [Baird 2008: 57], "two big red chickens" [Baird 2008: 86], "large woman" [Baird 2008: 118], "a big redwood" [Baird 2008: 178]. Cf. also the compound adjective aʔ-aːl 'very big' [Baird 2008: 100]
Distinct from tǝmok 'big (Indonesian: besar)' [Baird 2008: 222], the semantic nuances are unknown, no examples found. Additionally, the Indonesian loanword besar 'big' is attested [Baird 2008: 230].
Paneia Klon: ʔal 'big' [Stokhof 1975: 49 (#77)]. However, in [Baird 2008: 228], the specific Paneia word for 'big (Indonesian: besar)' is quoted as alta (suffixed stem al-ta?).
Cf. also ruwˈol, glossed as 'chicken, bird' in [Kratochvíl 2007: 490], but only as 'chicken' in [Kratochvíl & Delpada 2008: 112].
Makadai Abui: kˈuyaʔ Stokhof 1975: 54 (#47). The same term. Distinct from ruwˈal 'chicken' [Stokhof 1975: 54 (#46)].
\1:Atimelang Abui\2:Атимеланг Абуи #:rua ~ rˈuol2
DuBois 1938/1987: 92 (#844); DuBois 1944: 564 (#64); Nicolspeyer 1940: 174; Stokhof 1975: 53 (#47). All sources record the polysemy 'chicken / bird' for this term. The variant rˈuol is quoted in [Stokhof 1975: 53], other sources have rua. Morphologically unclear.
Cf. also an unclear arok in arok berka 'birds of prey' [DuBois 1938/1987: 92 (#841)] (berka 'bad').
Kratochvíl 2007: 494; Kratochvíl & Delpada 2008: 120, 121, 200. Polysemy: 'to bite / to chew / to sting (of an insect)'. A verb with the e~a alternation, class III.G according to [Kratochvíl 2007: 83, 210]: takˈey is the imperfective (continuative & inceptive) stem, takˈay is the perfective (completive) stem.
DuBois 1938/1987: 88 (#135); Nicolspeyer 1940: 175. Quoted as takey 'to eat, bite, chew' in [Nicolspeyer 1940: 175], as take 'to bite' in [DuBois 1938/1987: 88 (#135)].
Cf. also two other verbs: bisak-d-a and hek-e, which are quoted in [DuBois 1938/1987: 88 (#135)] as synonyms of take; the first one may be cognate with Abui Takalelang sak 'to be cracked, split parallel', sak-d-i 'to loosen, unfix, break, crack up' [Kratochvíl & Delpada 2008: 113] (although the initial bi- is unclear).
\1:Bring Klon\2:Бринг Клон:eh2
Baird 2008: 195. Glossed as 'bite (Indonesian: gigit)'. Applied to both humans and animals: "bite him" [Baird 2008: 18], "bite me" [Baird 2008: 26], "all the dogs bit it" [Baird 2008: 38], "people stood and just bit their hands" [Baird 2008: 180].
The second verb is kik 'to bite (Indonesian: gigit)' [Baird 2008: 206], but, apparently, it is more marginal; no examples have been found.
Baird 2008: 188, 219; Stokhof 1975: 48 (#78, 102). Polysemy: 'night / black'. However, the only discovered example contains the reduplicated stem ʔa-ʔakan: "the dry fruit is black" [Baird 2008: 110].
Paneia Klon: akan 'black' [Stokhof 1975: 49 (#78)]. Distinct, however, from ilkan 'night' [Stokhof 1975: 49 (#102)] (an error?).
Makadai Abui: tˈaypaʔ Stokhof 1975: 54 (#80). The same term.
\1:Atimelang Abui\2:Атимеланг Абуи #:taypa1
DuBois 1938/1987: 98 (fn. 9). Quoted as tepay 'bone' in [Stokhof 1975: 53 (#80)]. Cf. also ayak taypa 'rice stalk' [DuBois 1938/1987: 90 (#547)] (ayak 'rice').
\1:Bring Klon\2:Бринг Клон:tǝr-op1
Baird 2008: 223; Stokhof 1975: 48 (#80). Polysemy: 'bone / seed' (i.e., 'bone / seed of fruit'? See notes on 'seed').
A second term for 'bone' is simply tor [Baird 2008: 223]. Because of this, we analyze tǝrop as tǝr-op (with regular reduction o > ǝ in the unstressed position), although the second element -op is unclear.
Kratochvíl 2007: 487; Kratochvíl & Delpada 2008: 107, 201. Glossed as 'breast, chest' with an example "his chest". Quoted in [Kratochvíl 2007: 487] as rahieŋ. Apparently a compound with unclear components, cf. rˈay 'milt (i.e. spleen)' [Kratochvíl 2007: 487]; [Kratochvíl & Delpada 2008: 107] and poss=iyˈèŋ 'eye; centre, middle' (q.v.). Place of stress is explained by the compound nature of the expression.
Cf. also poss=rˈek ~ poss=rˈek-d-i 'ribs, chest; turned with the chest upwards, face up' [Kratochvíl & Delpada 2008: 109] (glossed as 'chest; to turn with the chest upwards' with the transcription [rɛɑk] in [Kratochvíl 2007: 488]).
Cf. two terms with the probable meaning 'female breast': tˈik 'breast' with examples for 'female breast' only ([Kratochvíl 2007: 496]; [Kratochvíl & Delpada 2008: 125]) and kodˈaŋ 'breast', the only example for which ("her breast") also speaks for the meaning 'female breast' ([Kratochvíl 2007: 470]; [Kratochvíl & Delpada 2008: 71]).
Makadai Abui: rˈayhiyˈeŋ [Stokhof 1975: 54 (#21)]. The same term. Cf. tˈik 'female breast' [Stokhof 1975: 54 (#22)].
\1:Atimelang Abui\2:Атимеланг Абуи #:kodaŋ2
DuBois 1938/1987: 87 (#43). In [Stokhof 1975: 53 (#21)] quoted as kadˈoŋ (a typo?).
Cf. also terms for 'female breast': tik [Nicolspeyer 1940: 177] (glossed as 'breast; milk'), tik-e [DuBois 1938/1987: 87 (#44)], tˈuk [Stokhof 1975: 53 (#22)] (a typo again?).
\1:Bring Klon\2:Бринг Клон:der-gen3
Baird 2008: 193. In [Stokhof 1975: 48 (#21)], it is quoted simply as der. Glossed as 'chest (Indonesian: dada)'. An unclear compound, cf. der 'at the back' [Baird 2008: 193] and gen 'lid' [Baird 2008: 198].
Distinct from duːt with polysemy: 'female breast / milk' [Baird 2008: 194; Stokhof 1975: 48 (#22)].
Paneia Klon: der 'breast (general or male)' [Stokhof 1975: 49 (#21)]. Distinct from dut 'female breast' [Stokhof 1975: 49 (#22)].
Number:12
Word:burn tr.
\1:Takalelang Abui\2:Такалеланг Абуи:=ˈal / =ˈar1
Kratochvíl 2007: 449, 450; Kratochvíl & Delpada 2008: 26, 29, 202. A root with r~l alternation, class II.D according to [Kratochvíl 2007: 83, 210]; =ˈal is the imperfective (continuative & inceptive) stem, =ˈar is the perfective (completive) stem. The intransitive semantics is, apparently, expressed by the same root.
Nicolspeyer 1940: 157. Glossed as 'in brand steken'. Cf. also ar-a-n-hay 'to set fire' [Nicolspeyer 1940: 157], ar-d-a-ne 'to burn (intrans.)' [DuBois 1938/1987: 96 (#1277)].
\1:Bring Klon\2:Бринг Клон:tib2
Baird 2008: 221. Glossed as 'to burn (Indonesian: bakar)'. Cf. the example: "Clear the garden, then we burn until the rains come" [Baird 2008: 111].
Distinct from peːʔ [Baird 2008: 217], which is glossed as 'to burn', but the Indonesian gloss 'membakar' suggests a specific meaning such as 'to set smth. on fire'. Cf. the example: "The people that just burnt the village, they were all killed" [Baird 2008: 184].
Number:13
Word:claw (nail)
\1:Takalelang Abui\2:Такалеланг Абуи:kusˈiŋ1
Kratochvíl 2007: 471; Kratochvíl & Delpada 2008: 73, 227. Glossed in the meaning 'nail'; the equivalent for 'claw' is unknown.
Makadai Abui: kˈuysiŋ [Stokhof 1975: 54 (#100)]. The same term. Quoted as a translation of the English entry 'nail / claw'.
Abui Fanating: Cf. quite a different term kˈafì 'claw' [Kratochvíl 2007: 61].
Kratochvíl 2007: 96, 484; Kratochvíl & Delpada 2008: 100, 205. Meaning glossed as 'to be cold, cooled down'. Quoted as palata in [Kratochvíl 2007: 484]. Derived from the alternating verb palˈaːk (imperfective) / palˈaːt (perfective) 'to cool' [Kratochvíl & Delpada 2008: 100], class II.A according to [Kratochvíl 2007: 83, 210].
Makadai Abui: kafˈuka [Stokhof 1975: 54 (#82)]. A different term (without obvious cognates in other dialects).
\1:Atimelang Abui\2:Атимеланг Абуи #:palˈat-a1
DuBois 1938/1987: 94 (#1107); Nicolspeyer 1940: 172; Stokhof 1975: 53 (#82). Cf. also maliŋ-d-i 'cold (of weather)' [Nicolspeyer 1940: 170] ("the sun becomes cold") and ko 'cold' [Nicolspeyer 1940: 167], probably the same word as ko 'raw, uncooked'.
\1:Bring Klon\2:Бринг Клон:kǝbuk2
Baird 2008: 205. There are two words for 'cold (Indonesian: dingin)' in [Baird 2008]: kǝbuk and mǝhiŋ. We treat them as synonyms.
Kratochvíl 2007: 477; Kratochvíl & Delpada 2008: 86, 87, 205. Glossed as 'to come, arrive'. An alternating verb: mˈe (imperfective) / mˈiey ~ miyˈey (perfective), class III.B according to [Kratochvíl 2007: 83, 210].
Makadai Abui: tiyˈay [Stokhof 1975: 54 (#83)]. A different term, corresponds to Abui Atimelang tia, tiey, ti '(verb of motion)'.
\1:Atimelang Abui\2:Атимеланг Абуи #:me1
Stokhof 1975: 53 (#83) (as meʔ). The entries 'to come' and 'to go' are difficult cases because the sources differ strikingly, apparently due to questions that could have been incorrectly posed to informants, or to approximate/erroneous translation. We prefer the data of [Stokhof 1975], since W. A. L. Stokhof is the only linguist among our authors.
The data from [DuBois 1938/1987] can be summarized as follows: 'to walk' lak(e) [88 (#145)], 'to go' lak(e), sa [96 (#1279)], 'to come' lak, sa [96 (#1283)], 'to arrive' mia (ho-po-mia) [96 (#1284)], 'to depart' lak [96 (#1286)].
However, in [DuBois 1944: 564 (#60)] we is translated as 'to go (toward smb.)'.
The data of [Nicolspeyer 1940] are: sa, sa-d-i 'to go' [174], tia, tiey, ti 'to go, come (intr.); follow smb. (tr.)' [177], we 'to go, to depart, leave for' [179].
These Abui Atimelang verbs are cognate to the following Abui Takalelang words: lˈàk 'to leave for (towards a deictic centre)' [Kratochvíl & Delpada 2008: 75], wˈe 'to leave, go away' [Kratochvíl & Delpada 2008: 138], sˈay 'to pass along' [Kratochvíl & Delpada 2008: 113], tˈay 'to pass along' [Kratochvíl & Delpada 2008: 113 sub sai].
\1:Bring Klon\2:Бринг Клон:ma1
Baird 2008: 209; Stokhof 1975: 48 (#83). There are two main candidates for the generic verb 'to come' in Bring Klon: ma and ʔad. Both are glossed as 'to come (Indonesian: datang)' in [Baird 2008: 209, 218].
Cf. some examples for ma 'to come': "John came and stayed" [Baird 2008: 36], "Joni came and saw Peter" [Baird 2008: 37], "So, true, his wife she came, and was told" [Baird 2008: 61], "So I come here and we stab you first and I come to you here" [Baird 2008: 72], "the ancestor Hingkoi and his children together they came maybe" [Baird 2008: 79], "Karel you also come so that I show you" [Baird 2008: 96], "Deer and pig came, I was scared, I climbed a tree" [Baird 2008: 31], "So it came that (he) grew up and then he took a wife" [Baird 2008: 67].
Cf. some examples for ʔad 'to come': "Two nights ago Mr Official M.U. came looking for us" [Baird 2008: 32], "you children of now come and you know and you hear" [Baird 2008: 51], "We come to you and you go to help us" [Baird 2008: 74], "The three of them came, those three anchored then they got up" [Baird 2008: 79], "The ruler called them [the women] so the women came" [Baird 2008: 80], "So our leaders came and met us" [Baird 2008: 83], "Now of you here who still hasn't come yet?" [Baird 2008: 113], "the deer came through the forest. (It) came so (I) held this bow and arrow to shoot it" [Baird 2008: 37], "so birds will come and sit on it" [Baird 2008: 53], "then we burn until the rains come" [Baird 2008: 111].
We treat ma and ʔad as synonyms.
Paneia Klon: ma 'to come' [Stokhof 1975: 49 (#83)].
Number:16
Word:come
\1:Takalelang Abui\2:Такалеланг Абуи:
\1:Atimelang Abui\2:Атимеланг Абуи #:
\1:Bring Klon\2:Бринг Клон:ʔad2
Baird 2008: 218.
Number:17
Word:die
\1:Takalelang Abui\2:Такалеланг Абуи:mˈón1
Kratochvíl 2007: 479; Kratochvíl & Delpada 2008: 90, 208. Glossed as 'to die, pass away'. An alternating verb: mˈoŋ (imperfective) / mˈón (perfective), class II.C according to [Kratochvíl 2007: 83, 210].
Cf. also malay-d-ˈa 'to perish, wane, die' (place of stress is strange) from mal-ˈa-y 'causing death, deadly; to be dead, be bewailed' [Kratochvíl 2007: 476], [Kratochvíl & Delpada 2008: 83], probably ← mal 'to cry'.
Cf. also bˈeːk-a-d-i 'to pass away, die' [Kratochvíl & Delpada 2008: 37] from the root bˈeːk 'bad, broken, corrupt, outrageous, extraordinary' [Kratochvíl & Delpada 2008: 36] (quoted as bek, bek-a-d-i in [Kratochvíl 2007: 454]).
Makadai Abui: mon-ˈi Stokhof 1975: 54 (#84) (quoted as mɔɔnˈi). The same term.
Baird 2008: 194; Stokhof 1975: 48 (#84). In [Baird 2008: 55], specified as "neutral on cause of death". A labile verb with polysemy: 'to die / to kill'; applicable to humans and animals. Prefix e= is singled out on etymological grounds.
Paneia Klon: a=ber, quoted in the slot 'dead / to die' [Stokhof 1975: 49 (#84)].
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