East Sudanic family: Nara group (2 lists) : Query result

Number: 1

Word: all

Modern Nara: tɛ=gıdid ¹

Bender 1968: 13. Quoted as =gɛdiːd in [Bender 1971: 268]. Prefixal tɛ= is 3rd. sg. possessive (literally = "all of it"). Quoted simply as gìdiìd in [Hayward 2000: 259].

Old Nara: dero-ŋ ~ dero-na ²

Reinisch 1874: 112. Plural form from dero 'all' (= totus).

Number: 2

Word: ashes

Modern Nara: hıbıd ¹

Bender 1968: 13.

Old Nara: hübet ¹

Reinisch 1874: 130.

Number: 3

Word: bark

Modern Nara: kʌrʌf ¹

Bender 1968: 13. Quoted as kɛrɛf in [Bender 1971: 268].

Old Nara:

Not attested.

Number: 4

Word: belly

Modern Nara: tawa ¹

Bender 1968: 13.

Old Nara: taua ¹

Reinisch 1874: 153. Plural form: tau-ta. The variant daua, also listed in the German-Nara index in the meaning 'belly', is not confirmed in the main body of the dictionary (where daua = 'tail' q.v.).

Number: 5

Word: big

Modern Nara: dʋb-ku ¹

Bender 1971: 268. In our main source [Bender 1968: 13] an entirely different word is listed in the same meaning: kǝmši-gi. However, the same word is listed as kàḿšìgù 'huge' in [Hayward 2000: 250], and still another source, [Thompson 1976: 485], also quotes only dub-ku 'big (thing or person)'. In light of Hayward's, Thompson's, and Bender's own conflicting data, Bender's glossing in the 1968 paper is most likely semantically inaccurate.

Old Nara: dub-ko ¹

Reinisch 1874: 114. Additionally, cf. bero 'big, heavy' [Reinisch 1874: 108].

Number: 6

Word: bird

Modern Nara: kʌrba ¹

Bender 1968: 13. Quoted as kɛrba in [Bender 1971: 268]. Quoted as pl. kàr̀b-à 'birds' in [Hayward 2000: 255].

Old Nara: karba ¹

Reinisch 1874: 132.

Number: 7

Word: bite

Modern Nara: dǝs-to ¹

Bender 1968: 13. 3rd p. sg. ("he is biting"). Quoted as dɛs-to in [Bender 1971: 268].

Old Nara: des ¹

Reinisch 1874: 112. The variant tes, also listed in the German-Nara index in the meaning 'bite', is not confirmed in the main body of the dictionary.

Number: 8

Word: black

Modern Nara: sǔr-ku ¹

Bender 1968: 13.

Old Nara: sur-ko ¹

Reinisch 1874: 150. Plural form: sur-te-go.

Number: 9

Word: blood

Modern Nara: kito ¹

Bender 1968: 13. Quoted as kıto in [Bender 1971: 268].

Old Nara: kitto ¹

Reinisch 1874: 136.

Number: 10

Word: bone

Modern Nara: kǝ-ti ¹

Bender 1968: 13. Quoted as kɛtiː(n) in [Bender 1971: 268].

Old Nara: ke-tti ¹

Reinisch 1874: 136. Plural form: ke-tta.

Number: 11

Word: breast

Modern Nara:

Not attested. Cf. kına '(female) breast' in [Bender 1971: 268].

Old Nara:

Not attested. Cf. kena, pl. kena-tta '(female) breast' in [Reinisch 1874: 134].

Number: 12

Word: burn tr.

Modern Nara: nǝ̄m-ˈǝ̄i̯-tò ¹

Bender 1968: 13. Additional synonym: kǝ=lay-tò id.

Old Nara: nem ¹

Reinisch 1874: 144. Meaning glossed as 'to set fire (to), light up' (German anzünden). Additional synonym: kal id. [Reinisch 1874: 132]. Cf. also wor 'to burn' (German brennen) [Reinisch 1874: 158], most likely an intransitive verb, particularly in the light of comparison with Bender's sources.

Number: 13

Word: claw(nail)

Modern Nara:

Not attested in [Bender 1968], but cf. šokna 'claw (of animal); foot' in [Bender 1971: 268]. Cf. also šìí 'claw' in [Hayward 2000: 250].

Old Nara: ši ¹

Reinisch 1874: 151. Plural form: ši-ta. Meaning glossed as 'fingernail / toenail'.

Number: 14

Word: cloud

Modern Nara: nasob ¹

Bender 1968: 14. Differently in [Bender 1971: 268]: ʓiːm.

Old Nara:

Not attested.

Number: 15

Word: cold

Modern Nara: kǝlli ¹

Bender 1968: 14. Quoted as kɛli in [Bender 1971: 268].

Old Nara: nese ²

Reinisch 1874: 144. Meaning glossed as verbal: 'to be cold'. Cf. also kalli 'cold (n.)' [Reinisch 1874: 132].

Number: 16

Word: come

Modern Nara: wɔǝ̯-t̪ʰo ¹

Bender 1968: 14. Quoted as wɔː-to in [Bender 1971: 268]. Cf. wóː-ń-kù '(he) that comes' in [Hayward 2000: 259].

Old Nara: wo ~ o ¹

Reinisch 1874: 157. Cf. also til ~ tül 'to come / to bring / to touch' [Reinisch 1874: 154].

Number: 17

Word: die

Modern Nara: diː-to ¹

Bender 1968: 14.

Old Nara: di ¹

Reinisch 1874: 112. Cf. de 'death (n.)' [Reinisch 1874: 110].

Number: 18

Word: dog

Modern Nara: wǝs ¹

Bender 1968: 14. Quoted as wɛs in [Bender 1971: 268].

Old Nara: wos ¹

Reinisch 1874: 158. Plural form: wos-sa.

Number: 19

Word: drink

Modern Nara: liː-to ¹

Bender 1968: 14. Cf. lá-g 'drink!', láà-gò 'we drank' in [Hayward 2000: 260, 261].

Old Nara: li ¹

Reinisch 1874: 141.

Number: 20

Word: dry

Modern Nara: dısˈɛ-gu ¹

Bender 1968: 14. Quoted as disˈeː-gu in [Bender 1971: 268].

Old Nara: dis ¹

Reinisch 1874: 113. Meaning glossed as verbal: 'to be dry'.

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