Attributive (participial) derivate from existential verb le- 'to be, to exist', lit. 'the existing'. With human plural gender marking, the word is le-b-žu-b. le- is a Common Dargwa existential root meaning location near the hearer or general existence, but there is no proto-form provided in [NCED]. The suffix -žu- (sg. -zi-) is specific to Shiri; other varieties mostly use the attributive -il in the word for 'all'. The etymology *lepː 'all' in [NCED] is thus incorrect.
Attributive (participial) derivate from existential verb le- 'to be, to exist', lit. 'the existing'. With human plural gender marking, the word is le-b-il.
Attributive (participial) derivate from existential verb li- 'to be, to exist', lit. 'the existing'. With human plural gender marking, the word is li-b-il. A variant form (less frequently used) is li-class-heːl.
Paradigm: arc-an [sg.] / arc-an-ti [pl.]. Habitual participle from arc- 'to fly', lit. 'flyer'. Since Shiri normally uses a different verb for the meaning 'to fly' q.v., we probably deal here with a borrowing from Standard Dargwa, as suggested by D. Ganenkov (p.c.). Native Shiri vocabulary may not have had a common word for 'bird' as such.
Complex verb consisting of (onomatopoeic?) cuc and class=ikʼʷ- 'to speak', which is a regular pattern in Dargwa. No known etymology.
Amuzgi:cuc-la-class-arqʼ1
Complex verb consisting of (onomatopoeic?) cuc-la, probably genitive of cuc (attested in other dialects), and class=arqʼ- 'to do', which is a regular pattern in Dargwa.
Ashti:sus-či-class-ikː-1
Complex verb consisting of (onomatopoeic?) sus and či-class=ikː- 'to give' (?), anterior in -un. In the imperfective, the light verb is či-class=ax- 'to go', simultaneous in -u.
Past participle from the verb class=erχː /class=uχː 'to get cold'. Exact PD etymology is uncertain, cf. PD *class=arʁʷˤ- 'to get cold, freeze' and *class=aχːˤ- 'to get cold, freeze'.
Amuzgi:class=erχː-ib1
Past participle from verb class=erχː /class=uχː 'to get cold'.
Ashti:class=eːχ-ib1
Anterior participle-converb from verb class=eːχː / class=uχː 'to get cold'.
Number:16
Word:come
Shiri:sa=class=eʁ-1
Paradigm: sa=class=eʁ- [pfv.] / sa=class=irʁ- [ipfv.], anterior in -ib. Etymology uncertain, but may possibly be related to Akusha class=aʔ 'to reach' and thus PD *=aʔ-/=iʔ-.
Amuzgi:saˤqʼˤ-2
Paradigm: saˤqʼˤ- [pfv.] / saˤqʼˤ- [ipfv.], anterior in -un. May be related to PD *=uqʼˤan-, although the roots for movement verbs in -qʼ- with and without the class marker are usually distinct.
Perfective, anterior in -ib. With masculine and feminine class markers, subject to regular sandhi: sačʼ-i [masc.], seːčʼ-i [fem.], sa-b-ačʼ-i [neut., hum. pl.].
Imperfective, simultaneous in -u. With masculine and feminine class markers, subject to regular sandhi: sax-ul [masc.], seːx-ul [fem.], sa-b-ax-ul [neut., hum. pl.].
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